MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left (M-G), king's name as CHAROLVS. Nesmith-50a type; Cal-125; S-M5; KM-18. 13.42 grams. Desirable early emission from the Late Series with the king's name spelled as CHAROLVS, virtually full legends and nicely struck interiors, AU with low-contrast toning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to left, mintmark oM to right (S-oM), extremely rare. Nesmith-78b; Cal-129; S-M8; KM-18. 13.19 grams. A rare variety from an already rare assayer as it is only the fifth S-oM we have seen, and certainly the nicest, XF with bold legends around a full flan, slightly weak interiors with a few stress cracks here and there.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer O to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-O). Nesmith-11b; Cal-138; S-M10; KM-18. 13.33 grams. VF with contrasting toning, unevenly thick flan, virtually full legends and interiors with bold strike alternating with flat spots.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M). Nesmith-80b; Cal-73; S-M9; KM-9. 3.32 grams. Choice grade with some slight oxidation at edge, sharply struck with virtually full legends, AU interiors, beautifully toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1/2 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-G), king's name as CHAROLVS. Nesmith-51; Cal-46; S-M5; KM-6.5. 1.54 grams. Choice strike with full legends and interiors beneath lovely toning but scratched and chipped on edge, technically no worse than VF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination 8 to right, ex-Woodside. S-M11; KM-43; Cal-661. 27.22 grams. Excellent full shield and cross-lions-castles with bold full oMO and 8, some legend albeit with peripheral flatness, lightly toned, overweight, desirable grade (accompanied by NGC tag 4499464-002 AU55 despite a touch of corrosion in flat part of edge) and very popular as the first collectible "dollar" coin of Mexico. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer F, king's name as PIIIIIPPVS, ex-Hubbard, ex-Woodside. S-M12; KM-43; Cal-664. 27.06 grams. Super-sharp full shield with luster below full crown that was struck on a folded-over piece of edge, bold oMF and denomination 8, full legends with neat error in king's name consisting of two I's for an H and another I for an L, also with two I's for H in HISPANIARVM and five-petal rosette spacers in reverse legend, lightly toned with a few darker spots, fully Mint State in our opinion but accompanied by NGC tag 6500520-002 AU55. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection (Sedwick auction 33, with original lot-tag 452 and Hubbard's original tag) and to the Rob Woodside Collection.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer F. S-M12; KM-43; Cal-664. 27.58 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles and (slightly off-center) shield with clear oMF to left and 8 to right, the legends mostly flat (as made), overall AU, non-toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer F. S-M12; KM-43; Cal-664. 27.39 grams. Full cross and shield with slight central weakness due to uneven thickness, much legend and crown, very darkly toned XF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer F, broken figure-8 for o above F, ex-Hubbard, ex-Woodside. S-M12; KM-43; Cal-664. 26.55 grams. Exceptionally choice full AU+ details on both sides including legends (a trifle doubled), in which you can clearly see the king's ordinal II and figure-8 spacers, bold full oMF with broken figure-8 for o above M in mintmark, superb old toning all over, no flatness at all, accompanied by NGC tag 6500520-003 AU 58. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection (Sedwick auction 33, with original lot-tag 456 and Hubbard's original tag) and the Rob Woodside Collection. Note: This coin was previously attributed to Philip III by Hubbard and NGC (and us), and shows that way in the printed catalog and on the NGC label, but we have attributed other examples correctly as Philip II.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1608/7 F, ex-Seaby, ex-Woodside. S-M15; KM-44.3; Cal-887. 27.56 grams. Much legend including king's ordinal III and choice full date with blatant overdate, full oMF and part of 8, cross and shield full but weaker due to unevenly thick flan, interesting folded-over piece on edge, all lightly toned, VF+. With old, original Seaby (London) envelope, and pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer A. S-M16; KM-44.3; Cal-Type 162. 27.39 grams. Bold full oMA to left of good full shield above king's ordinal III, nice full cross, attractively old-toned XF with parts of edge crude due to uneven thickness and blunting at the mint.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer D. 27.53 grams. Bold full cross-lions-castles and shield but peripherally flat, the assayer D still visible, irregular edge with blunted points, attractively toned AVF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer D. 27.42 grams. Bold full oMD, nearly full shield and cross on an unevenly thick flan with flat peripheries (beveled on reverse), some edge-blunting, AVF with rich old toning all over.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer D. 26.30 grams. Very broad flan with flat peripheries (and two edge-cracks) but much more even in thickness than usual, the oMD full and the full shield and cross-lions-castles particularly bold due to contrasting toning, XF overall.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.32 grams. Unevenly thick AU with tiny splits and blunted points on edge, frosty interiors with bold full oMP and king's ordinal IIII, most of shield and cross with flatness to one side, round-bottom castle indicative of post-1653 strike.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1653/2 P, with chopmarks from circulation in Asia. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-1355. 27.38 grams. Unevenly thick flan with blunted points on edge, choice full date and full oMP in otherwise flat peripheries, full shield and cross, Fine overall, the chopmarks consisting of two deep circles and several tiny Chinese characters on reverse.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1653 P, with chopmark and test-cuts from circulation in Asia. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-1356. 27.45 grams. Unevenly thick flan with blunted points on edge, bold full date, clear denomination 8, full but weaker shield and cross, the latter with one deep, circular punch and two light test-cuts on edge, overall Fine.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1672 G, very rare. S-M20; KM-46; Cal-632. 26.39 grams. Oblong flan with blunted corner-points in edge, much flatness from uneven thickness and hammering (as made, net VG) but with most of oMG and clear 2 and trunk of 7 of date.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1729 R. S-M24; KM-47a; Cal-1415. 26.11 grams. Full 9 of date above bold oMR to left of full shield, the cross nearly full, lightly toned Fine+. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1730 R. S-M24; KM-47a; Cal-1416. 27.05 grams. Very bold full oMR and clear date to left of half of shield, nice full cross with contrasting toning, flat peripheries, blunted point and natural notch in edge, VF. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1730 F. S-M26; KM-unl (47 for type); Cal-1418. 25.07 grams. Large natural lacuna in center with evidence of having a strap through it for wearing as a pendant, 100% full date and mintmark (scarce assayer for the date), AVG overall.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1731 F. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1425. 26.80 grams. Rectangular flan with one blunted edge-point, bold full date and oMF, full but off-center cross with contrasting toning, Fine+ overall. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1732 F, ex-Woodside. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1427. 25.66 grams. Very thick, squarish flan with choice full cross, very bold full date due to that side being as much as 40% off-center (flan extends well beyond the outer border), full oMF, deeply toned AVF with traces of graffiti on reverse. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1732 F. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1427. 26.51 grams. Very neat, long, rectangular shape with full cross, full oMF and nearly full date, some shield but otherwise flat, toned VF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1732 F. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1427. 26.51 grams. Exceptionally bold full date, full oMF, nearly full but off-center shield and cross, lightly toned Fine with minor peripheral doubling.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1732 F. S-M26; KM-47a; Cal-1427. 26.71 grams. Good full cross, off-center shield with bold full date and oMF, all a bit softly struck but no worse than AVF for actual wear, some spotty toning. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.56 grams. Bright and frosty AU+ with full cross-lions-castles and well-defined full shield with bold denomination to right, clear oMO to left, full crown and nearly full legends including bold PHILIPPVS:II.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F/O. S-M12; KM-unl (36 for type); Cal-unl (Type 158). 13.75 grams. Choice full shield with clear oMF/O to left (scarce over-assayer), nice full cross-lions-castles, AU- with mostly flat peripheries.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F. S-M12; KM-36; Cal-Type 158. 13.69 grams. Odd shape due to unevenly thick edge (one small split) but desirable with visible king's ordinal II (spaced far apart) and superbly detailed full shield and cross, bright AU+ (no toning), ordinal to right not visible to determine the Calicó number.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F, denomination as IJIJ. S-M12; KM-36; Cal-508. 13.58 grams. Good full cross and shield, lots of legend including full king's ordinal II (spaced far apart), non-toned AU- with several small edge-cracks, clear denomination to right made up of two of the IJ punches used on the 2R denomination (scarce variety).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F, denomination to right as 4. S-M12; KM-36; Cal-509. 13.71 grams. Very bold full GRATIA to left of full oMF with pomegranate-shaped o, trace of left side of denomination 4, choice full shield and cross-lions-castles, lightly toned AXF with a few dark areas.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F, pre-dated type. S-M12a; KM-37.1; Cal-745. 13.70 grams. Excellent full shield and cross-lions-castles showing every detail, clear oMF to left and bold full denomination 4 inside of bold PHILL- of king's name in legend, bottom of final A of GRATIA visible to determine it is the pre-dated type, XF with contrasting sediment in crevices.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F. 13.51 grams. Richly toned XF+ with choice full cross-lions-castles, nearly full crown and shield with full oMF to left, unevenly thick flan with peripheral flatness and blunted points on edge, diamond-shaped stops in legend but unclear as to whether it is the pre-dated type.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1/2 real, 1621/0 D, two stars above and +fleur+ below monogram, unique. S-M18; KM-unl (21 for type); Cal-unl (Type 86). 1.73 grams. Attractively full crown and monogram with oM to left, part of D to right, two stars above, and +fleur+ below, also good full cross (albeit with old scrape), VF with toned fields, but most important numismatic feature is the fairly certain bottom of 1/0 of the date, which by style has to be 1621/0, the first such example we have seen.

MEXICO, Mexico City, klippe 8 reales, 1733 MF, ex-Woodside. S-M28; KM-48; Cal-1431. 26.89 grams. Well-centered strike on a broad flan with all elements of design clear and fully struck up, with evidence of typical die-clashing on reverse, very lightly toned in fields, rare as unholed, accompanied by PCGS tag 81729711 AU50. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

MEXICO, Mexico City, klippe 8 reales, 1733 MF. S-M28; KM-48; Cal-1431. 26.40 grams. Typically holed (to left of shield / right of cross) but very nicely detailed with contrasting toning, full inner details (including crown) and much legend including date, XF overall.

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, Philip II, assayer R Rincon to left, king's name as PHILPVS, legends HISPA / NIARVM, motto PL-VSVL-TR, very rare, NGC AU details / environmental damage, ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-13; Cal-651. 25.57 grams. Superb full inner details with nearly full crown and legends on a full and round flan, no doubling, the interiors bold but weaker in peripheries (king’s name clear), darkly toned with only a hint of surface porosity, among the finest known of this important unauthorized issue that represents the first “dollar” coin struck in South America. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number The three primary cob-producing mints in the Americas—Mexico, Lima and Potosí—all started with an assayer named Rincón, and at each mint the Rincóns produced 8 reales in very small quantities, making them all very rare and desirable in our time. The Potosí Rincón 8R, made in 1575, is the commonest of the three, with just a few dozen known, struck shortly before Alonso Rincón’s death; at the other end of the scale is the Mexican Rincón 8R (struck under Francisco Rincón, Alonso’s brother), of which only three are known from what had to be an experimental run in 1538, due to the reported difficulty in making such large silver coins. In between in rarity and chronology is the Lima Rincón 8R (struck under Alonso Rincón), like the present specimen, with a known population of sixteen and highly coveted as the first “dollar” made in South America, struck in 1569 without proper authorization and quickly discontinued. To categorize the varieties of these Lima 8 reales, there are two distinguishing characteristics on the obverse and two on the reverse: On the obverse (shield side), the king’s name is spelled either PHILIPVS or PHILPVS, with two types of flowers in the crown above the shield, either three of the same kind or the middle flower larger than the other two. On the reverse (pillars side), the beginning of the legend continuation is either -NIARVM or -RVM, and the motto is one of three versions of PLVS VLTRA: PL-VSVL-TR, PL-VSV-LT, or PLV-SVLT-RA. Based on these characteristics we have identified three obverse dies and four reverse dies, categorized as follows: Three obverse dies: 1. Legend lettering of PHILIPVS . II . D . HISPA and three equal flowers in crown (six known) 2. Legend lettering of PHILPVS . II . D . HISPA and three equal flowers in crown (one known) 3. Legend lettering of PHILPVS . II . D . HISPA and middle flower larger and different from other two (eight known) Four reverse dies: A. Legend lettering of NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX and banner as PL-VSVL-TR (seven known) B. Legend lettering of NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX and banner as PL-VSV-LT (six known) C. Legend lettering of NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX and banner as PLV-SVLT-RA (one known) D. Legend lettering of RVM . ETINDIARVM . REX and banner as PL-VSVL-TR (one known) Known combinations: 1. 1A (one known) 2. 1B (four known) 3. 1C (one known) 4. 2D (one known) 5. 3A (six known) 6. 3B (two known) The present example is 3A, meaning that the king’s name is spelled without a second I and the middle flower in the crown is larger than the ones that flank it, while on the other side the legend lettering begins with -NIARVM and the motto in the middle reads PL-VSVL-TR.

PERU, Lima, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, second denomination o-iiii to right, king's name as PHILPVS, motto PL-VSVL-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM, extremely rare, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), ex-Heiss (Plate). S-L1; KM-10.2; Cal-496. 13.33 grams. Choice example with natural surfaces showing contrasting toning, XF for wear with a few old marks, great full inner details (pillars slightly off-center) and nearly full crown and legends, bold full denomination o-iiii, a mysterious characteristic of which we know of only two other examples (same die, the pillars sides slightly different), this one heavily and desirably pedigreed, the reason for the extraneous denomination unknown but curiously appearing with the same spelling error in the king's name seen on the 8 reales (like the previous lot). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 5), plated as coin 3 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí 1568-1651 (1971), also Plate Coin on page 49 of Grunthal-Sellschopp's The Coinage of Peru (1978), Plate Coin 13 in Alois Heiss' Descripción General de las Monedas Hispano-Cristianas (1865), and pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 18 (lot 538).

PERU, Lima, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-T, legends HISPANIA / NIARVM, rare, ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-10.1; Cal-495. 12.44 grams. Broad flan with superb full inner details and much bold legend, devoid of the usual obvious doubling and unevenness, richly toned and lacking virtually any corrosion (XF details). By our records, the odd manifestation of the motto on this coin (lacking the L and RA in VLTRA) is currently unique. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 17 (lot 712).

PERU, Lima, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, small R, motto PL-VSV-LT, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-10.1; Cal-495. 12.68 grams. Broad flan with much legend including bold king's ordinal II, full but slightly double interiors with interesting 1R-sized letter-punch for the assayer, letter N for M at end of INDIARVN, XF with lightly toned fields, hairline edge-splits, traces of faint porosity.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto P-LVSV-T, legends HISPA / NIARVM, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.57 grams. Scarce motto variety, VF with bold full interior details (no doubling or flatness), most of legend including bold king's name, darkly toned fields for good contrast, expertly plugged tiny hole at top of shield (hole was present when auctioned in 1988), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 8).

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-LT, legends HISPA / NIARVM, ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.48 grams. Richly toned XF+ with traces of luster in centers, choice full shield but pillars side doubled, much legend including king's name and ordinal. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Ponterio auction of September 2005 (lot 1114).

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSVL-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM, ex-Ponte, ex-Karon. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.76 grams. Richly toned XF with choice full details including legends, no doubling or weakness, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Paul Karon Collection (Superior auction of December 1992, lot 130).

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto P-LV-S above dot, legends HISPA / NIARVN . S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.26 grams. Bold full pillars, full but doubled shield, much legend including king's name and -NIARVN with N for M as the last letter (same situation for INDIARVN, only the second we have seen with this error), Fine with spotty toning.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto P-LVS-V above dot, legends HISPA / NIARVM, ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.27 grams. Smallish flan with bold interiors and nearly full legends including PHILIPVS•II, nicely toned VF with only a trace of doubling in the shield and weakness on the top of the right pillar. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-TR above dot, legends HISPANIA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.32 grams. Semi-lustrous AU- with sediment in crevices, choice full legends with ringlets instead of dots as separators, bold but very slightly doubled interiors.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer X to left, extremely rare. S-L2; KM-6; Cal-unl (Type 80). 1.69 grams. Full pillars (off-center) and shield with bold tiny assayer-mark that could be X/R but even as plain X is an issue so rare that we have never seen another, somewhat thin and corroded but otherwise Fine, contrastingly toned, also a scarce error with letter N for M at end of HISPANIARVN. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 16, with original lot-tag 475, and to the Ponterio auction of April 2003, with original lot-tag 2725.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oVIII to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-652. 26.66 grams. Excellent full cross-lions-castles and shield, both with sharp and intricate details, bold P-oD to right and clear *-o-VIII to left, a few letters visible in legend, overall XF with uneven toning (some dark areas). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 106).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oVIII to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-652. 24.70 grams. Choice sharp XF+ details, including nearly full legends, despite light surface porosity, attractively toned all over. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oD to left, P-oVIII to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-656. 27.35 grams. AU+ with traces of luster, much legend, sharply detailed full interiors with just a hint of doubling on the *-oD and P-o-VIII. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-P to left, oD-o8 (open left top) to right, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-L4; KM-14; Cal-659. 26.91 grams. Scarce variety, XF with choice rich toning over luster, full legends and interiors (just the cross slightly doubled), notably full crown, desirably pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 110), plated as coin 95 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí 1568-1651 (1971).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (open left top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.09 grams. Lustrous XF with choice full interiors and nearly full legends including a 100% complete PHILIPPVS, particularly bold P-8, faint toning on reverse. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (open left top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 26.82 grams. VF+ with light toning, minor flat spots in the otherwise full legends and interiors, slightly doubled on the P-* and king's name. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (open left top) to left, *-oD to right. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.33 grams. Technically AU+ with much luster but some corrosion near edge and abrasion in center of shield, otherwise fully detailed with complete legends, the cross very slightly doubled.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (open left top) to left, *-oD to right, with countermark ELH above lower left lion, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.39 grams. Richly toned XF with full legends and inner details, no doubling and practically no weak spots, with very deep ELH countermark on cross side (trace of L from the same countermark on lower arm of cross as well, no doubt due to the countermark not being punched deeply enough to reach the field around the cross), which has been seen on only five other pieces (a Spanish proclamation medal of 1790, a US Draped Bust dollar of 1798, and three Massachusetts Bay Colony silver coins dated 1652), this being the only cob and the earliest host known, but all indicating an early U.S. application, supposedly by a collector of the time. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Cayón auction of February 2017 (lot 50300).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.76 grams. Attractively toned AU- with full inner details and nearly full legends, no doubling. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.05 grams. Low-contrast XF (lightly struck) with rich old toning all over, full legends and inner details. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Woodside. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 25.82 grams. Broad flan that extends slightly past the outer border in a few places, 100% full legends and inner details, XF with light toning, traces of faint oxidation (removal of plating?) here and there. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March 1991, with original lot-tag 889, and to the Rob Woodside Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oIIII to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-498. 13.64 grams. Out of round flan with uneven thickness on edge resulting in flat spots alternating with bold legend, full interiors, AXF, toned in crevices. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oIIII to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-498. 13.59 grams. AU- with traces of luster, sharp full interiors and bold full legends, very lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-4 to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-499. 13.90 grams. AU+ with luster on fields, sharp full interior details and much legend, starting to tone near top of shield. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-4 to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-501. 13.13 grams. Full flan with bold full legends and complete interiors, AXF with light surface porosity under dark toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 122).

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-4 to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-501. 13.60 grams. Broad flan with 100% full crown and legends, full interiors but cross slightly doubled, lightly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-4 to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-501. 13.84 grams. Very broad flan with metal extending past the outer border in places, 100% full legends and inner details, richly toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, 4-P to left, oD-* to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-502. 13.63 grams. XF with traces of luster, bits of dark toning in crevices, nice full inner details and much legend, the shield slightly doubled at top left. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer X to right, very rare, NGC AU 58. S-L3; KM-9; Cal-336. 6.82 grams. Sharply detailed full cross-lions-castles and shield, with full and bold P-X to right and denomination ii to left, bottom half of most of legend including king's name, a choice example of this very rare (brief) second assayer of the mint, the last to use the early pillars design and first to use this new shield design before many of the punches and tools went on to La Plata and then Potosí. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, oD-* to right, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-341. 6.83 grams. Sharply detailed AU+ with luster, choice inner details and much legend, the oD-* particularly bold, traces of toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-I to left, *-oD to right. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-215. 3.04 grams. Excellent full shield with bold P-I and *-oD, full but slightly doubled cross, choice XF details but with light surface pitting, toned in crevices.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1659 V, mintmark L*M, •8•V to left and right, rare, ex-Woodside. S-L5; KM-18.1; Cal-1247. 27.53 grams. Nearly full but off-center crown and pillars-and-waves with full date and L*M and •8•V• to left, also full •V• to right, nearly full but also slightly off-center cross with particularly prominent lions and tressure, some flat areas but AXF overall with nice natural surfaces from being non-salvage (as most are from shipwrecks), tiny edge-split, only faintly toned. (The printed catalog shows a new article dedicated to "Star of Lima" coinage, which can be downloaded here: https://sedwickcoins.com/articles/starroflima.pdf.) Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1659 V, mintmark L*M, •8•V to left and right, reverse legend rotated 180 degrees, rare, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp. S-L5; KM-18.1; Cal-1247. 27.39 grams. Nicely toned VF+ with full but doubled pillars-and-waves featuring complete •8•V• to either side, full PHIL- of king's name in legend, the cross-lions-castles also full but less doubled and with nearly complete legend (very rare thus) that begins and ends below the cross, scarce as non-salvage and one of the nicest we have encountered for this rare, unauthorized issue, with excellent pedigree to boot. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 152).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1660 V, date below VLTRA, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-18.2; Cal-1250. 27.42 grams. Many times rarer than the 1659 in this unauthorized two-year series, and surely one of the finest known, a richly toned AXF with 100% full cross-lions-castles (well centered) and near-complete pillars design showing a full date •660• below the bottom of the pillars but within the inner border, the rarely seen waves (full) actually inside the legend between the king's name and ordinal IIII, also full L-8-V to right of pillars, all in all an incredible example showing details that would normally require several pieces to see. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1660 V, date below VLTRA, reverse legend rotated 90 degrees clockwise, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-18.2; Cal-1250. 27.63 grams. Low-contrast VF+ with nice natural surfaces, lightly toned, with full crown and pillars showing clear L-8-V on both sides but only the very top tips of the date below (flat peripheries), also full cross with hint of doubling but just enough legend to see that the legend starts and ends past the right arm of the cross, hence a different variety from the previous lot. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Christensen auction of December 1982 (lot 1043).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1660 V, no date below VLTRA, very rare, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp. S-L5; KM-18.2; Cal-1242. 27.17 grams. Smaller, thicker flan with choice toning on natural surfaces, VF overall, with 100% full crown above off-center pillars showing bold full waves directly below VLTRA (hence of the unusual variety lacking a date), full L-8-V to right, full cross with dots in corners on off-center reverse showing metal beyond the outer border at 7-8 o'clock, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 156).

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1659 V, mintmark * above LIMA, V to left and 4 to right, rare, ex-Ponte, ex-Ortiz, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), Pellicer i Bru Plate, Calicó Plate. S-L5; KM-17; Cal-1013. 13.65 grams. Choice example of what is believed to be the first variety of this unauthorized two-year issue with lovely full * / LIMA / 1659 between well-centered pillars below nearly full and well-detailed crown, bold denomination •4 to right, also superb full cross-lions-castles, the peripheries flat but no worse than XF+ for wear and beautifully toned all over, in fact probably the finest extant, with desirably long list of pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, the Emilio Ortiz Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1991, lot 66), and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 159), plated in his book Las acuñaciones de las ceca de Lima (1964), also Plate Coin in various editions of Calicó-Trigo/Aureo-Calicó's Numismática española and Plate Coin 880 on page 215 of Pellicer i Bru's El Medio Duro (1971), and pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 496).

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1660 V, L-4-V to left and right, extremely rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-17; Cal-1015. 13.57 grams. Very bold full PLVS / •*• / VLTRA with clear date below and crown above, also clear 4-V to right and 4 to left, full cross-lions-castles, all slightly off-center, XF overall with very light surface corrosion, nicely toned. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1659 V, mintmark * above LIMA, V to left and 2 to right, very rare, ex-Ponte, ex-"Jupiter Wreck" (1659). S-L5; KM-16; Cal-839. 6.55 grams. Exceptionally bold (albeit off-center) full pillars-and-waves with •V• to left, five-point star above LIM with A monogrammed into M above crowded 1659 date in center, and •2• to right, full cross-lions-castles, peripheries flat, deeply toned UNC with minute surface pitting, still probably the finest extant. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the "Jupiter wreck" (San Miguel el Arcangel, 1659), also pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 5 (lot 261) and Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 498).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1659 V, mintmark * above LIMA, V to left and 2 to right, very rare, ex-Ponte, ex-Ortiz, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-L5; KM-16; Cal-839. 6.57 grams. Richly toned AXF with slightly glossy and minutely pitted surfaces, good full cross-lions-castles, center of pillars side showing full but very slightly doubled five-point star above LIM with A monogrammed in the M above crowded 1659 date, flat peripheries with solder-spots on edge from old mounting, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, the Emilio Ortiz Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1991, lot 68), and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 160), plated in his book Las acuñaciones de las ceca de Lima (1964).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1659 V, mintmark * above LM, date as 165, V to left and 2 to right, extremely rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-839. 6.65 grams. Interesting later variety of 1659 with pillars side showing large, eight-point star above LM above a horizontal line, below which is a date in just the first three digits 165 (no room for a 9), full waves below, assayer •V• to left and denomination •2• to right, nearly full cross-lions-castles with most of tressure, the peripheries mostly flat, lightly toned VF with a few minor scratches and marks. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1660 V, date below 2*2, extremely rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-840. 6.64 grams. Full and bold crown and pillars enclosing PLVS above five-point star flanked by 2's above 660 date (with middle digit punched over an inverted 6) above VLTRA, also L-V to right and left, all within the inner border, outside of which is a bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, the cross-lions-castles also full but slightly off-center, nicely toned VF with old mark to left on pillars side, surely the finest known. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 505).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1660 V, date above 2*2, unique, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-840. 3.49 grams. Bold and 100% full crown above 660 date, five-point star flanked by 2's, and faint PLVS between off-center pillars, most of off-center cross, VF details with moderate corrosion and stripped hole in edge, toned on fields, clearly not pristine but still an elusive type and, in fact, a variety of which we have never seen another example. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 506).

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1659 V, mintmark L* above date 169 with V to left and I to right, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-15; Cal-676. 3.22 grams. Small and neatly hexagonal flan with good full pillars-and-waves housing an L and large, eight-point star above date in just three digits 169 (no room for a 5), full assayer to left and denomination to right, off-center cross with light corrosion on that side, net VF overall. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1660 V, date below I*I, extremely rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-15; Cal-677. 2.97 grams. Odd variety with five-point star flanked with I's above date in two digits 60 above PVS (supposed to be PLVS but lacking the L) between pillars, full mintmark L to left and assayer V to right, the cross partially flat, overall Fine but with light surface pitting (toned fields). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1660 V, date above I*I, extremely rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-15; Cal-677. 3.62 grams. Another odd variety for this strange year, this one with 60 date above five-point star flanked by I's between short pillars, full PLVS above VLTRA below, assayer V to right of right-hand pillar, nearly full cross on other side, lightly toned Fine with hole at edge. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1684 V, ex-Woodside. S-L6; KM-24; Cal-589. 25.78 grams. Broad flan with three clear dates and assayers and mintmarks, nice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles despite some minor central flatness, overall VF with contrasting toning, desirable first date of series. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1684 V. S-L6; KM-24; Cal-589. 27.00 grams. Semi-lustrous XF with light, low-contrast toning, three dates, full pillars-and-waves and cross but all slightly doubled, bold LIM(A) in legend, desirable first date of series.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1686 R, extremely rare, NGC XF 40 (oversized slab), finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Millennia (stated on label), ex-Ponte. S-L7; KM-R24; Cal-579. 26.86 grams. An immense 8 reales topping 46mm in diameter, in fact wide enough to show that no outer border of dots was put into the pillars-side die, the legend on that side of course complete (with impressively full third date 1686) and the one on the cross side nearly so but truncated by a slightly off-center strike, the cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves just as full and sharp as possible for the grade and graced with a lovely old toning all over, with natural flan-crack in center, an extremely rare piece not just as a Lima Royal example but also as unholed, otherwise rather similar to Lázaro 2 (same large size, albeit not an exact die-match). Pedigreed to the Millennia Collection (Goldberg auction of May 2008, lot 1152) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1688 R. S-L7; KM-24; Cal-593. 27.47 grams. VF+ with beautiful rich toning all over, good full cross with clear date below and bold second date between well-centered pillars, three assayers, peripheries flat and with odd lamination (stable) on cross side.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1693 V. S-L10; KM-24; Cal-598. 26.93 grams. Off-center strike with full right pillar and clear date above bold waves, most of cross, lightly toned AXF.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1699 R, ex-Woodside. S-L14; KM-24; Cal-606. 27.51 grams. Choice full pillars with very bold date, nearly full cross-lions-castles with second date below, flat peripheries with small cracks and old test-cut, attractively toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1740 V, ex-Woodside. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1317. 26.66 grams. Full pillars (including top crowns) with bold date and clear L's and V's (two of each), 7 of date in legend, full and bold cross-lions-castles with clear third date below and third L and V to left and right, VF with dark spotty toning. Curiously, both dates show the 0 punched over another 0, not the relatively common 1740/39. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1718 M, rare. S-L20; KM-33; Cal-1032. 13.21 grams. Richly toned XF with flat peripheries (with small part of edge folded over before striking) but full pillars with bold date, nearly full cross, this date missing in Sellschopp (only the fifth example we have seen).

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1723 M, rare, PCGS VF35, ex-Pat Johnson, ex-Sellschopp (both stated on label). S-L20; KM-33; Cal-1037. 13.02 grams. Beautifully toned with natural surfaces, bold full date and denomination between full pillars, nice full cross-lions-castles, typically flat peripheries, desirably pedigreed and the finest we have seen of only four examples known to us. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of November 2022, lot 72042) and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 217). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1731 N, with chopmarks from circulation in Asia, rare, PCGS VF details / chop mark, ex-Pat Johnson (stated on label). S-L21; KM-33A; Cal-1044. 13.10 grams. Full pillars with bold full date and clear assayer despite the presence of as many as a dozen bold chopmarks, including the Chinese characters "yuan" and "ning," the cross nearly full and sporting several more chops, some black toning and traces of surface oxidation, only the third example we can trace of this rare date that was missing in Sellschopp. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of November 2022, lot 72049). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón), very rare, ex-Woodside. 26.37 grams. S-P1; KM-5.1; Cal-667. The long and eminently collectible Potosí 8R cob series has several rarities (even if you discount the Royal and Heart presentation pieces), but none so significant as the very first issue under assayer Rincón in 1575, populated by at most a few dozen examples struck from two different obverse dies differing in legend and style of lion in Brabant, one showing D,G, and a "dancing" or "Segovia-style" lion (Paoletti 47, Sellschopp 13), and the other with DEI,G, and a "flat" lion (Paoletti 48, Sellschopp 12). The present example of the former die shows a choice full crown and nearly full legends in addition to a well-detailed full shield and cross-lions-castles, with contrasting toning in crevices and very slightly oxidized surfaces, overall VF or better and worthy of the most advanced Potosí cob collection. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection and Sedwick Auction 33 (lot 687).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer M, legend DEI,G, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P2; KM-5.1; Cal-668. 27.07 grams. A stunning beauty with choice full interiors and nearly full legends (mostly bold) with contrasting toning in crevices, just a few old marks, AXF overall. Our 35-year study of early Potosí cobs has turned up two obverse dies and three reverse dies for the assayer-M 8R (not counting the M/R issues from previous Rincón dies), only two combinations of which are shown in Sellschopp and Paoletti (his 50 and 51 being the same), the present coin being one of two unlisted combinations, showing the obverse of Sellschopp 28 / Paoletti 50-51 and the reverse of Sellschopp 29 / Paoletti 49, in fact the only example we have ever seen of this variety. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer L (1st period), rare, ex-Ponte. S-P3; KM-5.1; Cal-670. 27.01 grams. Terrifically broad flan extending past the outer border in places and with mostly bold legends as a result (two spots of edge thinner, as made), the interiors full but weakly struck here and there, all elegantly toned in VF+ grade. As with assayers R and M above, we have studied assayer-L coins for decades and have come up with seven die-combinations for the 1st-period 8R (which is distinct from 2nd period, following a brief stint by assayer B), using three obverse dies and three reverse dies (none of which, ironically, was cataloged by Sellschopp or Paoletti). Like the M piece above, the current coin is a unique combination using a late reverse die with shallow tressures used by subsequent assayer B. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), HISPANIARVM with H, rare, ex-Seaby, ex-Woodside. S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.42 grams. Superbly detailed XF with contrasting toning, perfect interiors, and nearly full legends, with no flatness and only a trace of doubling in the obverse periphery, in fact one of the best examples we have ever seen for 1st-period B, which typically comes poorly struck. By our records compiled over several decades, these 8R were struck from several different obverse dies, some with and some without the initial letter H in HISPANIARVM, and several different reverse dies, including a unique one with "heavy" lions in the cross, per Sellschopp 155. The present coin is the only example we can trace with the same obverse as Sellschopp 155 (most easily differentiated by a specific arrangement of seven fleurs in New Burgundy) but different reverse with normal "dancing" lions. With old, original Seaby (London) envelope, pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), HISPANIARVM with H, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.32 grams. A more typical product of 1st-period B with areas of flatness (due to uneven thickness) and minor doubling, still with nearly full legends and well-detailed full shield and cross, nicely toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), HISPANIARVM with H, rare. S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.26 grams. Another typical product of 1st-period B with minor doubling and flat areas from uneven thickness (also smaller diameter) but with bold full P-B and denomination o-VIII flanking well-detailed full shield, full cross, VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period, "Great Module"), ex-Ponte. S-P6; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.45 grams. Typically broad flan that extends past the outer border in a places with nearly full legends as a result, choice full interiors (natural flan-cracks inside cross), very lightly toned AU- with hints of luster. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Cayón auction of February 2012, with original lot-tag 78.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period, "Great Module"). S-P6; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.26 grams. Very broad flan extending past outer borders in places, enabling full crown and legends, 100% full and well-detailed interiors, AXF with spotty toning and oxidation here and there.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B/L, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 27.46 grams. Huge flan that extends well past outer borders in most places, very choice full inner details and nearly full legends, AXF with contrasting toning and sediment in crevices, certainly one of the most impressive examples known of this celebrated assayer that Sellschopp famously attributed to La Plata in error. Curiously, the obverse die appears to be different from the two cataloged by Sellschopp (140, 141) and Paoletti (60, 59) but is a match with known examples of the even-rarer B/C under erasure (Sellschopp 143-145, Paoletti 61-63). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B/L, rare, ex-Woodside. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 27.03 grams. Choice, broad-flan example with lovely old toning, bold full interior details including P-erasure-C, some legend despite peripheral flatness due to uneven thickness, XF with minor surface porosity and light marks. As stated in the previous lot, our records indicate three known obverse dies known for this issue, which Sellschopp famously attributed to La Plata in error, this one being a match with Sellschopp 141 / Paoletti 59. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection and Sedwick Auction 34 (lot 734).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.16 grams. Nice full shield and cross with nearly full crown and much legend on both sides, lightly toned VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period), ex-Ponte. S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.21 grams. Bold full shield and cross, richly toned VF+, two distinct clips in edge that may have been done at the mint to fine-tune the weight. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.29 grams. Full crown and nearly full legends, the interiors a bit weak due to uneven thickness, otherwise XF with traces of luster.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.39 grams. Smallish flan with choice full cross (faintly scratched), slightly off-center obverse with full crown and shield, VF+ with nice old toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period), ex-Woodside. S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.04 grams. Full but partially weak shield and cross, much legend, deeply toned VF. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (late 3rd period), ex-Ponte. S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 25.92 grams. Broad flan that extends past the outer border above the excellent full crown, lots of legend including a full but doubled PHILIPPVS, nice full shield and cross despite minor flat areas, bold P-B, semi-lustrous AU. One of the hallmarks of late 3rd-period B is the presence of odd "half dots" (as opposed to earlier commas and later dots) as word-separators in the legends. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (late 3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.41 grams. Nice full crown, much legend, bold P-B, the shield and cross both full, all in non-toned XF+ grade. In addition to the "half dots" mentioned in the previous lot for this late 3rd-period type, the present coin also has odd new "four-window" castles.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (late 3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.10 grams. Lightly toned VF with low contrast from soft strike, still with full interiors and much crown and legend. Yet another late 3rd-period issue, this one with square-shaped separators in legends and new "six-window" castles (Sellschopp 185).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A/B, very rare. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-673. 27.33 grams. Broad flan with some bold legend, the shield and cross full but weakly struck, very clear A/B over-assayer, VF with spotty toning, minor interior cracks. Note: The is the first true example of this over-assayer we have seen in a long time (there have been several misattributions), and even Paoletti could not find one in 8R for his book.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, variety with denomination as "oVIIII" (rare), ex-Woodside. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674 var. 26.98 grams. Choice full XF details all over with beautifully contrasting toning, bold full P-A and much legend, with the rightmost digit of the error denomination buried in the border of dots but clear there. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, variety with denomination as "oVIIII" (rare). S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674 var. 27.22 grams. VF with choice full crown, shield, and (slightly doubled) cross, the assayer and error denomination bold, lightly toned in crevices, broad and slightly odd-shaped flan that extends well past the outer border in places.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674. 27.02 grams. Choice full cross and bold P-A, the full shield slightly doubled, VF with crude peripheries including corrosion and a deep natural crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674. 26.77 grams. Full P-A, the shield and cross both full but weakly struck, overall Fine with light, low-contrast toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (4th period). S-P12; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.46 grams. Bold full P-B, much bold legend, the cross and shield full but centrally flat, deeply toned AVF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (4th period). S-P12; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.44 grams. Broad flan with nearly full legends and metal extending past the outer border in places, full crown and shield and cross (with weak spots in centers), partial assayer, lustrous XF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13; KM-5.1; Cal-675. 27.36 grams. Bold full shield and mintmark but assayer weak, full but doubled cross, XF with traces of luster.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13; KM-5.1; Cal-675. 25.37 grams. Nice full shield with bold P-RL and denomination o-VIII, full crown, most of king's name, the cross-and-tressure also full, VF with a few weak spots, attractively toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL, ex-Woodside. S-P13; KM-5.1; Cal-675. 27.14 grams. Nicely round flan with bold full shield, nearly full crown, clear P-RL, denomination, and king's name, also full cross, VF+ with toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, early style), ex-Ponte. S-P14; KM-unl (5.1 for type); Cal-672. 27.21 grams. Atypically large flan with nearly full legends, excellent full crown, shield, and cross, bold full P-B, XF with toning in most crevices. Note: This interesting early 5th-period style (Paoletti's Group B8) is most easily recognized by its unique X-shaped arrangement of five fleurs in New Burgundy, and its neater style apparently predates the very last coins of Philip II (most notably the "border of x's" variety) and the first issues attributable to Philip III with his ordinal visible, with which it shares some punches. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, early style), ex-Ponte. S-P14; KM-unl (5.1 for type); Cal-672. 27.11 grams. Broad flan with full crown and lots of legend, bold P-B and denomination o-Viii with characteristically oversized V, choice full shield and cross, lightly toned AXF. (See previous lot for explanation of this issue.). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, early style), ex-Ponte. S-P14; KM-unl (5.1 for type); Cal-672. 27.24 grams. Broad-flan XF with choice full shield and cross, traces of toning in crevices, a very nice example of the type (described in lot 853 above). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, early style). S-P14; KM-unl (5.1 for type); Cal-672. 26.46 grams. Bold full P-B, good full shield and cross (the latter slightly off-center), AVF with toned fields, faintly porous surfaces. See note in lot 853 about this type, but also note that some examples like the present lot exhibit borders of boxes or squares instead of dots, presumably a later occurrence due to mixing with borders of x's (see lot 858 below).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, early style), ex-Woodside. S-P14; KM-unl (5.1 for type); Cal-672. 27.47 grams. Very bold and choice full shield and cross-lions-castles but legends incomplete, VF with contrasting toning and sediment. See previous lots for notes about this interesting type. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, border of x's on obverse, early style reverse). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 26.77 grams. Slightly off-center Fine with contrasting black toning, nice full shield, the cross-and-tressure also full but somewhat scratched. As mentioned above, this is an example of the reverse of the "early style" (border of boxes) mated with a new obverse showing corrected fleurs and a border of x's, which appears to be at least scarce.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, borders of x's). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). Lightly toned XF+ with sharp full inner details including bold assayer B, denomination o-VIII, and both borders, slightly doubled, with traces of luster.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, borders of x's), ex-Woodside. S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 26.87 grams. VF with much doubling and some flat spots but the shield and cross nevertheless full and also with most of king's name bold, some spots of light toning. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer B, rare, ex-Woodside. S-P14a; KM-10; Cal-910. 27.20 grams. Richly toned VF with choice full shield and cross-lions-castles, full crown and P-B and denomination o-VIII, but most important feature is the king's ordinal III visible in the legend to distinguish it from the much more common 5th-period B of Philip II. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer B, rare. S-P14a; KM-10; Cal-910. 27.07 grams. Partially cleaned VF with some weak spots but decent full shield and cross nevertheless, clear but doubled assayer B and (most important) bold king's ordinal III in legend to distinguish it from the much more common 5th-period B of Philip II.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 26.76 grams. Broad flan with bold full assayer, good full cross, and full but weaker (faintly pitted) shield, overall VF+ with spots of toning, interesting in showing the same curved-leg R punch in the legends as for the assayer.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.02 grams. Bold full P-R, full but partially flat shield and cross due to uneven thickness, AVF with dark toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 26.96 grams. Bold P-R and denomination o-VIII, good full shield and cross despite weak spots near centers, close to XF with light luster and incipient toning but with old scratches on shield.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.14 grams. Full P-R, full but partially doubled shield and cross, VF+ with a few areas of light toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q, ex-Woodside. S-P17; KM-10; Cal-916. 26.60 grams. Beautifully bold full P-Q and III D G HISPANIARVM (curved-leg R) in legend around choice full shield, the cross also full and nice but double-struck, AXF with contrasting toning, high points lightly polished. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type), quadrants of cross transposed, ex-Ponte. S-P18; KM-unl (10 for type); Cal-920. 26.88 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles with transposed quadrants, bold assayer M to left of nice full shield, attractive AXF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type), ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), Grunthal-Sellschopp Plate. S-P18; KM-10; Cal-919. 27.24 grams. Full but slightly doubled shield with mintmark P and dot appearing twice above trace of assayer M (which Sellschopp and others seem to have missed, as in all its previous appearances it was attributed to assayer P), full cross-and-tressure, richly toned VF+, desirable pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 635), plated as coin 431 in Sellschopp's Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971) and as coin 428 in Grunthal-Sellschopp's The Coinage of Peru (1978).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type). S-P18; KM-10; Cal-919. 27.17 grams. Crudely uneven flan with bold but off-center strike showing full king's name and ordinal PHYLYPVS III (with edge extending past the outer border there), good full cross and most of shield, contrastingly toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type). S-P18; KM-10; Cal-919. 25.04 grams. Nicely toned Fine+ with good full shield and cross, some peripheral flatness but with parts of king's name (with Y's for I's) visible.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 M, denomination as O-III-V, tiny D in D.G. and no H in HISPANIARVM, ex-Ponte. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 27.07 grams. Very broad flan with most of legend clear including full 16 and 7 of date and curious (PHIL)IIPVS III D G ISPANIARVM with double I in king's name, tiny D, and no H (first we have seen), also choice full cross-and-tressure and shield with P•M to left and O-III-V to right, VF+ with contrasting toning, an impressive example of the first dated issue of South America. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 M, denomination as V-III, ex-Woodside. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 26.50 grams. Full but weak and scratched cross and shield with clear P-M to left (the P made from I and O punches) and denomination with V above III to right, full and bold 617 date (curiously punched into the die after planing away the border of dots there), overall Fine with some minor surface oxidation and spots of black and green. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 M, ex-Ponte. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 27.29 grams. Choice example with bold full crown and shield, clear P•M and normal denomination, full cross-and-tressure with bold DE 1617 in legend (with the usual erasure of border-dots), XF with contrasting toning, popular as the first dated issue of South America. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 M, ex-Woodside. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 27.17 grams. Broad flan and choice grade (with NGC tag 6678202-001 AU 55), faintly golden toned, with full and clear 1617 date (dots erased) outside of full but partially doubled cross-and-tressure, bold full shield with hammer-mark near center, clear M (doubled) to left and denomination o-VIII to right, bold king's ordinal III in legend. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection and Sedwick Auction 34 (lot 758).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 M, ex-Ponte. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 25.64 grams. Broad, odd-shaped flan, unevenly thick, with choice full date (dots erased) and P•M, clear denomination o-VIII inside of nearly full king's name (curiously with P's made from I and O punches, whereas the assayer is a regular P punch), good full shield and cross despite minor flatness, richly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1617 (M), ex-Ponte. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 27.10 grams. Round-flan AU with full date (dots erased) outside of choice full cross-lions-castles, great full shield, some peripheral flatness, elegantly toned. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 PAL, ex-Ponte. S-P20; KM-10; Cal-922. 26.95 grams. Small, thick, round flan with bold full 618 date outside of nice but slightly off-center full cross, 100% full shield with full P-PAL to left and denomination o-VIII to right, VF with attractive light toning, somewhat rare as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 T, denomination o-8. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-925. 26.26 grams. Very bold full denomination o-8 with open top-left to right of well-detailed full shield (slightly doubled), good full cross with most of 8 of date in legend, AU details but with some surface corrosion and silvery from cleaning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1619 T, no ornament between P and T, ex-Ponte. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-927. 27.50 grams. Oblong flan with bold full date, full but lightly struck cross and shield, clear P-T with space in between (most show a "+" ornament and some show a dot), non-toned VF and somewhat rare as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1619 T, quadrants of cross transposed, king's name in reverse legend, starting with q (retrograde P), ex-Ponte. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-928. 26.81 grams. Round flan with well-centered full shield flanked by clear P+T and denomination o-VIII, bold full 16 and most of 19 of date followed by + ornament and bold qHYLYqVS with last V superimposed with D outside of full but double-struck cross, low-contrast VF with weakly struck centers, somewhat rare as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1619 T, ex-Ponte. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-927. 27.04 grams. Choice bold shield with equally bold P+T to left and clear denomination o-VIII to right, king's ordinal III in legend, nice full cross-and-tressure with clear bottom half of date in legend, VF+ with light, contrasting toning, somewhat rare as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 161_ T, upper half of shield transposed, ex-Ponte, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-P21; KM-10; Cal-Type 165. 27.54 grams. Squarish flan with nice full cross and shield, bold assayer T, 161 of date visible (probably 1619 by style), attractively toned AXF, somewhat rare as non-salvage, with desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 633), plated as coin 405 in Sellschopp's Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T, lions and castles transposed in cross and in shield, ex-Ponte. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-Type 165. 27.29 grams. Choice bold VF with contrasting toning, great full shield and cross, bold full P+T and denomination o-VIII plus much of king's name and ordinal, somewhat scarce as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T, upper half of shield transposed, mintmark q (retrograde P), ex-Ponte. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-Type 165. 27.02 grams. Very bold full cross-lions-castles and shield, clear 162 of date and mintmark-assayer qxT, AXF with light toning in crevices, somewhat scarce as non-salvage. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T, upper half of shield and quadrants of cross transposed. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-Type 165. 26.80 grams. Bold full cross and shield with full P+T to left and denomination o-VIII to right, AXF details but with some pitting on lightly polished surfaces.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1622 T, quadrants of cross transposed, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P21a; KM-19; Cal-1436. 26.68 grams. Clear bottom half of date outside of full cross, also full shield with some old scratches, bold full king's ordinal IIII, contrastingly toned VF with some doubling on both sides. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1622 (T or P), lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, "flat" lions. KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 26.39 grams. Nearly full 2 (Z) of date outside of full cross, full shield with clear king's ordinal IIII in legend, Fine+ with light toning but somewhat softly struck with unevenly thick edge.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 162• P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P22; KM-unl (19 for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.11 grams. Full and clear date 162 followed by dot in lieu of final digit, full cross and shield with clear P•P (the dot between mintmark and assayer indicative of post-1622 for this assayer), round-flan VF with uneven brown toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer T, quadrants of cross transposed, mintmark q (retrograde P), "flat" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P21a; KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 27.36 grams. Bold full cross-lions-castles, full but less-bold shield with q+T to left, lightly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P22; KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 27.13 grams. Broad flan (for the period) with unevenly thick edge, full but softly struck cross and shield with clear denomination o-VIII and P+P (probably 1622), full crown and much of king's name, low-contrast AVF. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1624 T, lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, "flat" lions, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P22a; KM-19; Cal-1440. 26.84 grams. Full cross with clear IIII of date showing Roman numerals for final digit (1624), choice full shield with P•T to left, nicely toned VF+. This curious date (no doubt the result of native mint workers not having a 4 punch or knowing what it should look like) has been known for both assayers T and P, but this is the first we have seen with P•T as opposed to P+T (see next lot) or PxT. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1624 T, lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, "flat" lions, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P22a; KM-19; Cal-1440. 27.21 grams. Broad flan with full and clear date 16ZIIII (possibly just III for 1623 instead) outside of full cross-lions-castles, full shield with certain P+T to left, full PHYLYPVS in legend, XF with minor doubling and flat spots, light gray toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1625 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1443. 27.03 grams. Compact flan with choice full shield and cross, nicely toned AVF, with just the rounded right side of the assayer P visible but significant as showing date with bottom half of 6Z and what appears to be a full 5 (slightly doubled) for 1625, the existence of which was doubted by Paoletti ("some experts accept the existence of 1625 coins, although to this day, there is not clear evidence"), who pointed out that a dam broke in late 1624, impeding the processing of its silver output. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 22 (lot 649).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1626 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1445. 26.85 grams. Bold full date in doubled area outside of full cross, good full shield with clear assayer below • to left, lightly toned but all a bit softly struck, Fine overall. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (1620s), quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P23; KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 26.59 grams. Good full shield with full P•P to left and denomination o-VIII to right, bold but off-center full cross with clear bottom half of 6Z of date, VF with light, contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (1620s), lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, "flat" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P23; KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 27.35 grams. Compact flan (thick) with bold full P•P to left of nearly full shield, full but partially doubled cross, nicely toned and technically high grade (XF+) but with peripheries mostly flat. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (late 1620s), reverse legend rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, "flat" lions. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.38 grams. Choice full shield flanked by bold P•T and denomination o-VIII, full cross-lions-castles with traces of legend indicative of error rotation, spotty toning but sharp details all over as high grade (AU-).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (late 1620s), reverse legend rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, "hunched over" lions. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.12 grams. Oblong flan with full but centrally flat cross and shield (XF overall) showing bold P•P, full ET INDIARVM across top of reverse, new lions associated with quality reform at the end of the 1620s.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1627 T, quadrants of cross transposed, "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-1447. 25.96 grams. Oblong flan with unevenly thick edge, clear Z7 of date outside of full but doubled cross, full shield with bold P•T, VF with orange sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1627 (T or P), quadrants of cross transposed, "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.86 grams. Choice full cross with clear bottom half of date, full but off-center shield (assayer off flan) with nearly full king's name in legend, XF with light sediment on fields. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 T, "flat" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-1451. 27.18 grams. Nice full shield and cross, the latter slightly off-center enabling a full Z8 date, full P•T• and denomination o-VIII, low-contrast VF+. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 T, date at 7-8 o'clock, "flat" lions. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-1451 var. 26.96 grams. Full 28 of date in legend rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, full but centrally very weak shield and cross, overall Fine+ with light toning, some tan sediment.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 P/T, "hunched over" lions, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1448. 25.00 grams. Thick, odd-shaped flan with clear date and •P•P/T•, full cross and nearly full shield but both with weak spots, Fine+ with light, contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 P, "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1449. 26.82 grams. Bold full date outside of full but slightly doubled cross-and-tressure, also full shield with clear •P•P• and denomination o-VIII with dots above and below, lightly toned AXF with flat spot in centers. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 P, "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1449. 26.48 grams. Full date and denomination O-VIII, the cross and shield also full but both slightly doubled and off-center, VF with toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 P, date at 7-8 o'clock, "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1449 var. 27.23 grams. Richly toned AXF with clear •P•P• to left of nice full shield, bold Z8 of date in legend rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise outside of doubled cross. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P/T (1628-9), "hunched over" lions, ex-Ponte. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1448. 26.07 grams. Choice grade (frosty AU+), with full and clear •P•P/T• to left of superb full shield, trace of denomination oVIII to right, full but softly struck cross, all slightly off-center on an oblong-ish flan with unevenly thick edge. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination o-VIII, heavy-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 27.24 grams. Weakly struck AVF with 100% full Z9 of date outside of full cross, full shield with clear •P•T• to left and denomination o-VIII to right.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 (T), denomination •8•, heavy-dot borders, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.67 grams. Broad-flan AXF with nice toning, choice full cross with clear bottom of Z9 of date, full but slightly doubled shield with trace of denomination 8, all rather attractive. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1629) T, denomination •8•, heavy-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 27.09 grams. Sharp, non-toned AU+ with well-detailed full shield (slightly doubled) flanked by clear P•T• and denomination •8• with open top left, the cross full but off-center with bold legend on that side.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1629) T, denomination •8•, heavy-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.57 grams. AU with choice full cross and shield, full P-T (no dots) to left, traces of light sediment in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, heavy-dot border on obverse, fine-dot border on reverse. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.19 grams. Choice grade (AU) with excellent full inner details on both sides including P-T without dots, bold king's ordinal IIII, bold 6Z and most of 9 of date, lightly toned and with orange sediment on fields, broad and slightly odd-shaped flan. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20, with original lot-tag 774.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, fine-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.87 grams. Non-toned AU with incredibly sharp full Z9 of date outside of full but slightly off-center cross, the full shield very well detailed but with only traces of assayer and denomination on sides.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, fine-dot borders, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.22 grams. Very sharply detailed example with •P•T• and •8• flanking full shield, the bold full cross with very bold full date showing the 2 as clearly a sideways serifed N (not just a Z as usual), AXF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1630 T, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1455. 25.00 grams. Bold full date outside of full cross, full but slightly off-center shield with clear P•T•, king's ordinal IIII in legend, richly toned VF with unevenly thick edge. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1630 T, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1455. 26.43 grams. Very bold full date outside of full cross with trace of doubling, the full shield also doubled but with full assayer to left and denomination to right, toned AVF with tiny hole at top of cross. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1631 T, cross-fleury ornaments, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1456. 27.23 grams. Bold full 31 of date outside of full but slightly doubled cross, good full shield flanked by clear +P+T+ and x8 (the + and x being crosses fleury), with nearly full king's name and ordinal in legend where flan extends past the outer border (off-center strike), low-contrast AVF with minor edge-cracks. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1631 T, cross-fleury ornaments, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1456. 26.88 grams. Off-center cross with 100% full date, full shield with bold x8x to right and clear PxT to left (the x ornaments being crosses fleury), lightly toned Fine with very unevenly thick edge. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (ca. 1631) T, cross-fleury ornaments, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.99 grams. Low-contrast XF with well-detailed full shield flanked by •P+T and +8+ (the + ornaments being crosses fleury), full but slightly doubled and off-center cross-lions-castles, tiny edge-splits. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1632 T, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1457. 25.67 grams. Very crude flan with cracks and point in edge, also with odd patches of dark "horn silver" on reverse, the bottom half of date nevertheless bold, and with clear •P•T• and •8• flanking well-detailed shield below most of crown, VF+ with traces of golden toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1633 T, ex-Woodside. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1458. 26.90 grams. Very bold full date, nice full cross (slightly doubled) and shield, the denomination and mintmark bold but assayer weak, AVF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1633 T, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1458. 26.53 grams. Unevenly thick flan with particularly bold assayer and bottom half of date, most of shield and cross flat, toned Fine overall. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1634 T, ex-Ponte. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1459. 26.97 grams. Double-struck cross side with 100% full and bold date, nice full shield with bold P•T• to left, VF. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer TR (large, late 1630s), ex-Woodside. S-P27; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.34 grams. Atypically full •P•TR• outside of good full shield, full but off-center cross, toned VF, unevenly thick. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1641 TR, quadrants of cross transposed, Portuguese inescutcheon for Flanders-Tirol, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-P27; KM-19a; Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.43 grams. Full 41 and most of 6 of date outside of full cross, certain P-TR to left of good full shield with Flanders-Tirol in bottom half replaced by the shield of Portugal (weak but certain), toned AVF. According to Bolivian researcher Daniel Oropeza Alba, this strange issue (more prominent on the Royals for this year) is linked to a Portuguese neighborhood within Potosí known as the "Lusitanos" that suffered persecution and dispossession of property as a result of the Portuguese revolution of 1640, which ended Spanish control and restored the Portuguese throne under the Duke of Braganza (João IV). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1643 TR, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P29; KM-19a; Cal-unl (Type 327). 24.81 grams. Full 164 and bottom of 3 of date outside of full but off-center cross, full shield with doubled but certain P-TR to left, full denomination 8• to right, AVF with toning in some crevices. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1645 T. S-P30; KM-19a; Cal-1474. 26.85 grams. Bold full 5 of date (rare thus) outside of full but partially flat cross, off-center full shield with full •8• (open top left) to right and weak but certain assayer T to left, bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, AVF with scratches and traces of verdigris and rust.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1645 (assayer not visible). KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.96 grams. Full 4 and most of 5 of date outside of full cross-and-tressure, full shield, peripherally doubled on both sides, AVF with traces of faint toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 164(?) T, ex-Ponte. S-P30; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.4 grams. VF+ with deep, rich toning all over, nice full shield and cross, clear bottom of penultimate digit 4 of date in ample legend, parts of edge crude from uneven thickness, full P•T and •8•. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer FR (1640s). S-P28; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 25.83 grams. Full FR assayer (scarce thus) to left of full shield, full but weak cross with "furry" lions and curious double-strike at top left that appears to be the bottom-right design greatly displaced (almost looks like a countermark), non-toned Fine struck on underweight flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 O, with crowned-•T• countermark on shield, ex-Kosoff, ex-Stallard, ex-Woodside. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1489. 25.34 grams. Well-detailed VF (rare as non-salvage, toned in crevices) with choice full date outside of full cross-and-tressure, bold full countermark (scarce, Mastalir subtype Ta with high dots) near center of full shield with full P-O to left and 8-O to right, interesting old pedigree. (Note: The printed catalog shows an article about the countermarked Potosí shield-type issues of 1649-51, which can be downloaded here: https://sedwickcoins.com/articles/countermarks.pdf.) Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection (Sedwick Auction 31, with original lot-tag 579), purchased from A. Kosoff in the 1940s (New York), with original tag, and to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crown-alone countermark on shield. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 24.53 grams. Full and bold date outside of full but weak cross, similar shield with most of countermark in center, nearly full crown, bold 8 to right, Fine details with edge-crack and minimal surface corrosion (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), toned in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crown-alone countermark (rare variety) on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 26.27 grams. Bold 9 of date and ANO outside of full cross with partial countermark at bottom right, choice full shield with very bold full Z assayer to left, nicely toned XF with faint surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 33 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 240 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-arms countermark on cross, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 21.43 grams. Ful 649 date and about 1/2" worth (more than usual) of the countermark at top of full but slightly doubled cross, the full shield even more doubled but with clear assayer to left, AXF with toned crevices, light corrosion in peripheries. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 461), Plate Coin on page 33 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 54 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) Z, with crowned-C and crown-alone countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 12.77 grams. Badly cracked and corroded but the two countermarks clear and nearly complete, decent full shield with bold Z in doubled area to left, mostly toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 32 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 70 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-•F• (four dots) countermark on shield, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 23.77 grams. Choice, corrosion-free VF with elegant toning, bold full Z to left and 8 to right of full shield boasting the nearly complete countermark in center, good full cross but with flat area where countermark is on the other side, very bottoms of digits of date only. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 202) and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 321 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-G countermark on cross, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 21.00 grams. Broad-flan VF with minimal visible surface corrosion, small edge-splits, toned in fields, full 16 and faint tail of 9 of date outside of full cross with nearly complete countermark in center, good full shield with clear P-Z to left and bold king's ordinal IIII in legend (with flan extending past the outer border). From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 460), Plate Coin on page 171 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 81 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 26.09 grams. Lightly toned AVF with several flat spots but minimal surface corrosion (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), bold full P-Z and denomination •8•, full 9 of date, nice but off-center cross (flan extends past outer border) with most of countermark covering the bottom-right quadrant. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 171 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 111 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Maravillas (1656), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 23.74 grams. Bold full cross with almost 100% countermark to left, full 49 date at top, bold P-Z on off-center shield side, VF with light toning, light corrosion on edge, two edge-splits. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 356), Plate Coin on page 37 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 115 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 Z, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-McClung, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P34; KM-19a; Cal-1485. 26.91 grams. Very bold full 649 date outside of off-center cross with most of countermark visible in center, full but doubled and off-center shield with full P-Z to left, nearly corrosion-free Fine with some dark toning in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Rob McClung Collection (Sedwick Auction 15, lot 462) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 171 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 136 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O/Z, rare, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Maravillas (1656), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1486. 25.85 grams. Full date 1649 (the 6 doubled) outside of full but weak cross with 100% countermark in epicenter, good full shield (also partially weak) with clear P-O/Z to left and denomination •oo• to right, nicely toned Fine with light corrosion only on edge. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 49 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 121 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O/Z, rare, with crown-alone countermark on cross, ex-Maravillas (1656), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1486. 24.05 grams. Very bold, full, and well-detailed countermark on right side of nearly full cross, weaker shield but with very clear (albeit doubled) P-O/Z and most of crown above, solid Fine with only light surface corrosion, toned in crevices. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 50 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 48 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O/Z, rare, with crowned-•F• (two dots) countermark on shield and crowned-arms countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1486. 22.02 grams. Broad-flan VF+ with light corrosion (also small edge-crack) but nice toning, very full and clear P-O/Z (doubled) to left of full shield, bold 8 to right, nearly full countermark close to center, partially bold cross with deeply impressed partial countermark at top edge. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 50 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 344 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O/sR, rare, with crowned-•F• countermark on shield, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.57 grams. Broad flan, 100% corrosion-free but with much flatness (net Fine), bold full date outside of full cross, the shield also full with bold top half (crown) of countermark just below center, full P-O/sR to left, minor cracks on edge, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and Sedwick Auction 15 (lot 466), Plate Coin on page 43 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 324 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O/sR, rare, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.73 grams. Choice, well-centered full cross and shield on a broad and practically corrosion-free flan with toning all over, Fine for wear, clear O/sR assayer (some old scrapes there) and bold full denomination oo, bold full 49 date, most of countermark near top. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 109), the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 295), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 43 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 160 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O/sR, rare, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.91 grams. Broad, oblong flan with no corrosion but flat peripheries with parts of edge crude (as made), very bold full P-O/sR to left of full but partially flat shield, nice full cross with nearly full countermark at top right, lightly toned VF overall. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 45 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 438 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O/sR, rare, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana (1654), ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-unl (Type 327). 25.49 grams. Solid but very lightly surface-corroded Fine with full and clear P-O/sR to left of full shield, full but doubled cross with full countermark in center, lightly toned in crevices, one edge-crack. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 296), Plate Coin on page 45 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 121 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crown-alone countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 27.25 grams. Choice, corrosion-free VF with excellent full shield showing full and bold •P•O• to left and •8• to right, bold and nearly full countermark in center, clear PHELIPVS in legend, the cross weaker but also full with bold 649 date in legend followed by INDIARVM (which looks like an error omitting the word ET but is probably due to apparent doubling there), minor edge-split, contrastingly toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 77) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 58 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 257 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, retrograde 4 in date (very rare), with Guatemala sun-over-mountains (Type II, 1839) countermark on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487 var. 24.64 grams. Broad-flan VG with edge-split and much flatness but full shield and cross nonetheless, light rich toning all over, full 49 of date with retrograde 4, bold XF countermark in bottom-right quadrant, full P-O to left and clear 8 to right, holed at top of shield, an interesting coin that probably left South America before 1652 (hence without countermark) and circulated in Guatemala well into the 1800s. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 416 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crown-alone and crowned-C countermarks on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 18.79 grams. Oblong flan, thin from corrosion and with small edge-split but Fine overall, with contrasting toning, good full shield and cross, full assayer and denomination, bold full 49 date, nearly full main countermark overlapping most of weaker second countermark on right part of shield. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 44) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 264 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 (O), with two crowned-L countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 20.43 grams. Bold but off-center cross with countermarks (each about 75%) at top right and bottom left, most of 49 date in legend, weaker full shield but bold bottom of crown, thin from corrosion (net Fine) with contrasting toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 300) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 173 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 119 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with two crowned-L countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 19.88 grams. Small flan from corrosive edge-loss but cross and shield full (net VG, toned in crevices), both countermarks (at top left and bottom right) practically full as is also the 49 date. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 176 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 150 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crown-alone countermark on shield, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 27.99 grams. A very choice, well-pedigreed, and elegantly toned VF+, rare as non-salvage, exhibiting a bold full countermark at top of full shield with bold (but doubled) •P•O• to left, PHILIPPVS IIII in legend, full 49 date amidst a nearly full legend on reverse with flan extending past the outer border on that whole side. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1999, lot 697), plated as coin 540 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971), and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 55 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 257 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crown-alone countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 25.13 grams. Bold full date outside of doubled cross, good full shield with bold countermark at bottom, VG with only light surface pitting (nicely toned) but somewhat weakly struck throughout, unevenly thick edge. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 82) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 173 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 256 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crowned-A countermark on shield (very rare), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 24.21 grams. Very bold countermark (Mastalir says only seven recorded and only two as singletons) in center of full but weak shield that is somewhat concave (and with crack in edge) as a result, with bold crown above and flanked by full •P•O• and •8•, faint but certain date outside of weak cross, lightly toned AVG overall with surface pitting. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 470) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 57 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 50 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 27.18 grams. Well-preserved and corrosion-free VF with attractively contrasting toning, the 9 of date particularly bold outside of full cross (doubled in periphery) with nearly full countermark on left side, choice full shield with bold •8• to right and bottom half of crown above. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 298) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 58 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 160 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 27.41 grams. Broad-flan VF with no corrosion but some light scratches, bold and nearly full countermark just above center of full cross-and-tressure (full but weaker 9 of date in periphery), lightly struck full shield with bold full P-O• to left and most of crown above, some spotty toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 125 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 (O), with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 26.20 grams. Technically XF or better but very weakly struck except for the bold 49 date and countermark (about 80% full) on top half of cross (next to an associated edge-split), full shield, unevenly thick edge, practically no corrosion and minimal toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 24 (lot 405) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 132 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crowned-S countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 24.41 grams. Round and solid flan with rich toning all over, AVF with only light surface corrosion, full shield with nearly full (scarce) countermark at top and bold •P-O• and •8• to sides, full but weaker cross with clear 64 of date. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and Sedwick Auction 7 (lot 276), Plate Coin on page 55 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 213 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1649 O, with crowned-script-Z countermark on shield (very rare), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 27.54 grams. Choice broad flan with practically no corrosion (VF+), contrastingly toned, with slightly doubled full shield showing very bold •P-O• to left and 8• to right inside of complete countermark at very edge, bold full cross-lions-castles with full 164 and most of 9 of date despite flat periphery that curiously shows a brockage of the countermark at bottom right, hairline edge-split. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection and to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 469), Plate Coin on page 173 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 233 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O, with crowned-•F• (two dots) and crowned-T countermarks on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 25.95 grams. Solid and fairly corrosion-free but with large, pre-conservation dent (and associated bend) on otherwise decent full shield that exhibits one bold countermark to left of center and a more obscure countermark (recognizable crown) to right, clear P•O and 8•, full but off-center cross, overall Fine with toning in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 344 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O, with crowned-L and crowned-arms countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 25.60 grams. Solid and uncorroded Fine+ with flat peripheries, good full shield with clear P-O to left and 8 to right, full but doubled cross with bold and nearly full countermark in lower-right quadrant inside a deep partial countermark on edge, 16 of date visible at opposite end, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 299) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 148 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649) O, with crowned-T countermarks (two different) on shield and cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1487. 19.85 grams. Bold strike (VF details) but with light corrosion, nearly full countermark at bottom of full shield with full •P-O• to left and •8• to right, good full cross with clear second countermark to right, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 55 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 227 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1649-50) (Z or O), with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte. KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 20.77 grams. Clear scarce countermark (about 75% full) on top part of full cross, nearly full shield with clear king's name PHELIPVS in legend, corroded VG with toning in crevices, not plated in Mastalir but mentioned on p. 183 of Part B. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 303) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650/49 O, very rare, with crowned-•F• (two dots) countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-unl (19b for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.81 grams. Choice, uncorroded VF example with nearly full legends including bold full date (overdate certain) outside of full cross, nice full shield with about half of countermark in center, full PHILIPVS IIII in legend, P-O left and 8-O right, a few old marks, golden toning all over and dark in crevices for good contrast. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 187), Sedwick Auction 19 (lot 428), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 72 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 322 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crown-alone (rare variety) and crowned-C countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.57 grams. Both countermarks bold in lower two quadrants of full cross with bold 0 of date in legend (style of Spanish 5), full but weaker shield, solid and corrosion-free VG with edge-crack, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 52), the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 306) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 381 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crown-alone countermark (rare variety) on shield and crowned-O countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 18.64 grams. Thin and corroded but with bold VF details including full shield and 50 of date, two bold assayers, about half of each countermark (both near center), edge-split, contrastingly toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 185 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 272 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-•F• (two dots) countermark on cross (very rare on that side), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 23.19 grams. Very deep countermark in upper-right quadrant of full cross with clear date in ample legend, full shield (slightly doubled at top) with two clear assayers, lightly toned VF with some thinning around edge from corrosion. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 489) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 184 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 342 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-•PH• countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.29 grams. Exceptionally broad flan (previously described by us as "choice and Royal-like") with 100% full details in XF grade, deeply toned all over, the edge a little rough (as made) but practically uncorroded, nearly full countermark (scarce) and mostly bold date. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6,lot 304) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 182 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 360 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-A and crown-alone countermarks on shield and crowned-arms countermark on cross (extremely rare with three countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 27.02 grams. Broad flan, corrosion-free, with much legend around full interior details, the shield doubled but with two complete countermarks, clear upper-right portion of third countermark at about 7-8 o'clock on other side, edge-crack, richly toned and choice VF overall. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 62) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 178 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 51 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-backwards-L countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 27.10 grams. Interesting muling of old reverse with new-style obverse, bold date outside of full cross showing bold full countermark at bottom left, bold •8•O• to right of well-detailed shield, nicely toned and corrosion-free VF with deep hairline edge-crack, a choice broad-flan piece that Mastalir lauds as "by far the best example of this subtype and countermark.". From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 2000 (lot 1002) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 168 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-C and crown-alone (rare variety) countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.51 grams. Oblong flan due to corrosion on one side, still with full shield and cross, the latter with clear date, one full countermark at top and most of second countermark at edge on right, lightly toned Fine overall. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 367) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 179 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 69 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-G countermark on cross (rare), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 27.04 grams. Exceptional corrosion-free VF with good full shield and cross on broad flan with nearly full legends including full date and king's ordinal IIII, the full countermark on bottom half of cross described by Mastalir as unique in terms of subtype and placement, both assayers full, great contrasting toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 213) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 83 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-L and crowned-arms countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.75 grams. Broad flan with nearly full legends, full cross-and-tressure with nearly full countermark in lower-right quadrant and clear top of second countermark (unusually bold) at top-right edge, prominent brockage of countermark at top left of full shield with both assayers, denomination, and king's ordinal IIII all clear, lightly toned AVF with only faint surface pitting, hairline edge-splits. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 71) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 129 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-McClung, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 25.33 grams. Round flan with mostly flat peripheries except for bold full date outside of full cross-and-tressure with bold countermark at bottom, good full shield with both assayers clear, lightly toned and nearly corrosion-free VF. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Rob McClung Collection (Sedwick Auction 15, lot 475) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 75 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 101 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Sellschopp, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 29.14 grams. Choice, corrosion-free AVF (actually quite overweight) with full but doubled 50 of date outside of full cross with nearly full countermark on right side, full but partially flat shield with full •P•O• to left and •8•O• to right inside bold king's name with E instead of I, full ordinal IIII, contrastingly toned, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 701) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 84 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 101 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-S countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 28.12 grams. Spectacular example with full and bold details on both sides, no corrosion (overweight, in fact), with particularly full and bold date and countermark (scarce) on upper half of cross, AXF with lovely contrast from toning. Note: Mastalir singles out this coin for several interesting aspects, namely the king's name with correction to I instead of E (PHILIPVS), a clockwise-rotated 6 in the date, and a "flat head" lion with circular tail. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 483) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 77 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 211 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-script-L countermark on cross (very rare), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 25.80 grams. Solid VF with minimal corrosion, good full shield and cross, the latter with choice full countermark on lower-right quadrant, bold P-O and 8-O, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 482) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 172 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-script-Z countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 22.85 grams. Broad flan with irregular edge (including crack) and lightly corroded surfaces (otherwise VF), also low in contrast, but with bold and nearly full countermark on lower-right quadrant of full cross, clear 0 of date (style of Spanish 5), the shield full but doubled, with both assayers clear. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 320) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 231 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crowned-T countermark on shield and crowned-L countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 25.24 grams. Choice AXF despite corrosion around edge, with most of countermark at top right of full shield with bold •P•O• to left and 8-O• to right, full and bold date outside of good full cross with most of second countermark in center, lightly toned. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 370) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 83 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 227 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with two crowned-C countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, KM and Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.86 grams. Solid and not overly corroded but with much crude flatness and two edge-cracks (About Fine overall), bold date 50 outside of full cross with nearly full countermarks in center and at bottom right, both assayers visible, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 305) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin in the KM references and on page 180 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 73 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (Spanish 5) O, with crown-alone countermark (rare variety) on shield and crowned-L countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 14.23 grams. Rather thin from corrosion but with bold full countermark on left part of shield, clear 8-O to right, most of second countermark near center of cross, faint 1650 date with Spanish 5, VG overall with some light toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 264 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with crowned-T and crowned-L countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-McClung, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 20.87 grams. New-style shield and cross with bottom of 0 of date outside of full cross with clear countermarks at bottom left and center right, nearly full shield with both assayers, VF+ details but a bit thin from corrosion and with slightly crude edge (two splits), toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Rob McClung Collection (Sedwick Auction 14, lot 474) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 224 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with crowned-G countermark (rare) on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 18.00 grams. New-style shield and cross, very thin from moderate corrosion and with large crack but with full inner details, the shield bold, with clear •8•O• to right inside full king's name, nice crown above, deep countermark right of center, contrastingly toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6,lot 327) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 85 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, date at 5 o'clock (unique), with crowned-script-L countermark on cross (extremely rare), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488 var. 26.51 grams. Weakly struck host but choice AU countermark (with luster), almost fully rendered to right of full cross (new style), of which Mastalir says only four are known, with clear date in 180-degree rotated legend, good full shield with clear P-O to left and 8-O to right, overall low-contrast About Fine with lightly pitted surfaces and parts of edge crude. Note: This appears to be a unique mule with old-style shield and new-style cross with Spanish 5, not to mention the rotated legend, which Mastalir did not mention or describe. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 312) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 178 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 172 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.04 grams. Deeply toned Fine with corrosion only in peripheries (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), clear 1650 date outside of full cross with scarce countermark (full) on right arm, nice full shield with sharp •P•O• to left, new style shield and cross with normal 5 in date. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 91 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 180 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with crowned-T countermark (rare) on cross, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.34 grams. Broad flan that extends well past the outer border in places, clear 1650 date outside of full cross with deeply impressed full countermark on left arm, choice full crown above slightly doubled shield with two clear assayers, richly toned VF with corrosion only on edge, new style shield and cross with normal 5 in date. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 371) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 219 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with crowned-• countermark (extremely rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 23.69 grams. Thin from light corrosion but with nice VF details (centers), toned in crevices, the full crown unusually well detailed, with full •P-O• to left and •8-O• to right of full shield with bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, full date outside full cross-and-tressure with bold (80%) countermark in center (missing in Ullian's list and unknown until this coin appeared in Sedwick Auction 12), new style shield and cross with normal 5 in date. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 486) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 90 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 239 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with crowned-L, crowned-arms, and crown-alone countermarks on cross (extremely rare with three countermarks), ex-Ponte. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 19.12 grams. Moderately corroded (especially around edge) but with pristine (VF) center of cross showing bold full countermark on upper half, second countermark at about 2 o'clock on edge punched over a very deep third countermark, and date at top (11 to 1 o'clock) with dots between digits, most of shield with clear assayer to left. SALVAGED (NOTE: ERROR IN PRINTED COPY, NOT FROM JUPITER WRECK NOR MASTALIR PLATE.) Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with crowned-script-P and crowned-T countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 25.46 grams. Weakly struck and lightly corroded but recognizable fine style that Mastalir points out was from special dies most likely intended for making Royals (galanos), with only bottom part of date at 11 to 1 o'clock visible but known to have modern 5 and dots between digits, below which is a bold and nearly full countermark at the top of the cross, in the center of which is a complete second countermark, lightly toned About Fine overall. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 53), the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 314), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 109 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 225 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with two crowned-T countermarks on shield and crowned-script-P countermark on cross (extremely rare with three countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 18.49 grams. Thin from corrosion but with good full shield sporting two identical countermarks (one full and the other nearly so), P•O to left and 8-O to right, weaker cross with faint but clear third countermark to right, clear 160 of date (doubled) at 11 to 1 o'clock (this variety known to have modern 5 and dots between digits), AVF details, edge-crack. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 49), Sedwick Auction 24 (lot 410), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 105 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 228 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with pentagonal crowned-1652 countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-von Schuckmann, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 22.64 grams. Round and Royal-like but with light corrosion all over, nearly full legends outside of full but weak shield and cross, clear date with dots between digits at 11 to 1 o'clock, full king's name and ordinal, clear •P•O• and •8-O•, but most important feature is the nearly full countermark on top-left quadrant of cross, Fine with toning in crevices, edge-split. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 207), the Siegfried von Schuckmann Collection (Renaissance auction of December 2001, lot 3047), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on pages 103 and 187 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 386 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with crowned-script-a countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Harley, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.87 grams. Broad-flan Fine with much peripheral flatness but only minimal surface corrosion (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), full 0 of date (style with modern 5, dots between digits, and date at 11 to 1 o'clock), choice full countermark on right arm of full cross, lightly toned, hairline edge-split. Pedigreed to the Alan Harley Collection (Baldwin's auction of September 2011, lot 1857) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 47 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1650 (modern 5) O, with crowned-crude-arms countermark (extremely rare) on cross, ex-Maravillas, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.54 grams. Richly rainbow-toned Fine with corrosion only on part of edge, broad flan extending past outer border in places, including at date (with dots) at 11 to 1 o'clock, full shield with •P•O• to left, but best feature is the full and bold countermark of native (or at least unofficial) design in epicenter of full cross-and-tressure. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 373) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 187 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 393 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with crown-alone and crowned-C countermarks on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 23.15 grams. Old-style cross and shield with high denomination to right of shield indicative of 1650, the second assayer below it covered by a full countermark, the other countermark (bold) placed to left of center, with clear primary assayer to left, full but weaker cross-and-tressure, overall AVF with light surface corrosion and faint toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 75) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 265 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with crowned-A countermark on shield and arms countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.91 grams. Solid and corrosion-free but with flat and slightly crude peripheries (VF overall), toned in crevices, nice full shield with very clear full countermark in center, •P•O• to left and 8•O to right, full cross with typically partial countermark at edge near bottom, hairline edge-split (old-style shield and cross). From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 51 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with crowned-L and crowned-T countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 26.12 grams. Broad flan (extends past outer border on reverse) with only faint surface pitting but some light scratches, full shield (slightly doubled) with clear assayer to right above bold king's ordinal IIII, off-center full cross-and-tressure with bold (75%) countermark to left and more lightly impressed second countermark to right of center, VF overall, very lightly toned (old-style cross and shield). From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 325) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 226 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with two crowned-T countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 24.97 grams. Solid, oblong flan with practically no corrosion but very weakly struck (AVG), yet with both countermarks very bold (one nearly full at top and other about 80% at bottom left), old-style shield and cross, nicely toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 221 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with crowned-script-a countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 25.65 grams. Broad flan with flat peripheries but minimal surface corrosion, bold full countermark just below center of full cross (old style), clear assayer to right of weaker shield (new style), lightly toned all over. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 319) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 48 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650) O, with crowned-•PH• countermark on shield, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 27.19 grams. Solid and corrosion-free (AVF) with scarce full countermark near left side of full shield (old style) with prominent crown above, •P-O• to left and 8-O to right, full but weaker cross (also old style), light contrasting toning, edge-split. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 323) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 364 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1650-51) O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 27.17 grams. Solid flan with some surface corrosion and much flatness (Fine overall), patchy dark toning and edge-split, with bold and nearly full countermark on off-center cross with flan extending well past the outer border, two clear assayers flanking shield with king's ordinal IIII in legend, new style on both sides (hence date could be either 1650 or 1651). From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 7 (lot 279) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 119 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 (modern 5) O, with crowned-O and crowned-arms countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1489. 20.29 grams. Corroded (especially in peripheries) but with clear full shield and cross (VF details), king's ordinal IIII, date in normal position with dots between digits, the first countermark deep and full in center of cross and the other also deep but typically partial and clinging to the edge at bottom left, mostly toned, edge-split. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 120 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 185 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 O, with crowned-C, crowned-arms, and unidentified countermarks on cross (extremely rare with three countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1489. 18.80 grams. Solid and nicely toned VF despite thinning from corrosion, with choice full crown above shield, full cross with very deep (60%) countermark on bottom arm that caused an edge-crack there, weak (erased?) countermark in upper-left quadrant, and deep partial arms countermark at top edge with associated split and tiny bend. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 316) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 60 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 O, with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1489. 26.10 grams. Choice, corrosion-free, and nicely toned broad-flan VF with nearly full legends including complete date, full (scarce) countermark on bottom-left quadrant of full cross, well-detailed full shield and crown with split in edge there. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 61) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 192 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 178 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) (O or E), with crown-alone (oval base, no border, rare) countermark on shield and crowned-L countermark on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 16.77 grams. Very thin from corrosion but deeply toned (VG details) and with both countermarks very clear, the crown-alone countermark in middle of shield very rare (this in fact being the only one known of subtype K10c), the other countermark (common) in lower-right quadrant of cross. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 382 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) (O or E), with crowned-C and crown-alone countermark on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 21.54 grams. Solid but thin (yet without visible corrosion), with both countermarks full (the crown-alone very bold, the crowned-C scarce) near center of shield below choice full crown, weaker and slightly off-center full cross, Fine with brown-toned crevices, two small edge-splits. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 65) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 266 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crown-alone (rare variety) countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 27.16 grams. Broad-flan AVF with no corrosion but very dark toning all over, bold full •P•E/O• to left and clear •8•E/O• to right of doubled shield, complete date in full legend outside of mostly flat cross with deep (70%) countermark in center, patch of dark "horn silver" on crack near edge. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 131 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 305 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crowned-•F• (four dots) countermark on shield, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 24.51 grams. Broad-flan VF with practically no corrosion (underweight), very bold full countermark at top of choice shield with full crown above bisected by edge-split, bold •P•E/O• to left and clear •8•E/O• to right, full but weak cross-and-tressure with clear date within full legend on that side, lightly toned all over. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 392) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 133 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 323 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crowned-•F• (four dots) countermark on shield, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 24.91 grams. Toned, broad-flan VF with only very light surface corrosion, very bold full countermark in center of double-struck shield with full crown above, full date outside of partially flat full cross-and-tressure. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 398) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 196 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 352 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 21.88 grams. Thin but only corroded on edge (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), choice VF+ otherwise, with bold •P•E/O• to left and •8•E/O• to right of full shield, near-complete bold countermark on top arm of full cross, full but weaker date in legend, nicely toned. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 195 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 127 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 26.95 grams. Sold, corrosion-free VF with light toning, bold E/O to left of doubled shield with bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, nearly full countermark (scarce) on left arm of full cross-and-tressure, full date in ample legend. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 15 (lot 485) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 195 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 181 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651) E/O, with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 20.93 grams. Thin from corrosion but with nice VF+ details, including full shield with both E/O's clear, good full cross-lions-castles with deep and nearly full countermark (scarce) in bottom-left quadrant, that side off-center enough to show metal well past the outer border at bottom. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 22 (lot 348) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 197 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E/O, with crowned-script-P countermark (very rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1490. 28.22 grams. Solid and nearly corrosion-free Fine (overweight) with full legend including date around full cross-and-tressure with very bold countermark (this variety of P once considered to be a "phi") to lower left, doubled shield with bold P•E/O to left and king's ordinal IIII in legend, traces of toning in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 376) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 196 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 206 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 (modern 5) E, with crowned-•F• (two dots) countermark on shield, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 27.08 grams. Solid AXF with no corrosion but spots of dark encrustation (probably from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), lightly toned, with full and bold countermark in top left of nice full shield with full crown above, king's name in legend, full but weaker cross with curious multiple brockage of countermarks in upper-left quadrant inside full date, hairline edge-split. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 139 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 337 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 (modern 5) E, with crowned-o countermark (rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 20.87 grams. Curiously oblong flan with thinning from corrosion but nice VF details from contrasting toning, slightly doubled, both assayers bold flanking the full shield (also king's ordinal IIII in legend), clear date outside of full cross-and-tressure with bold and nearly full countermark on left arm (rare with small o versus large O). From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 10 (lot 359) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 203 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 197 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 (modern 5) E, with crowned-O countermark on cross, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 27.55 grams. Lightly toned VF on a broad, odd-shaped flan that extends past the outer border in places, hairline edge-crack, deep (75%) countermark (scarce) in center of full cross with full (doubled) date in legend, full shield with full •P-E• to left and •8-E• to right, some faint scratches in flat center, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 707) and plated as coin 544 in Sellschopp's Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971), also pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, and Plate Coin on page 203 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 181 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crown-alone (rare variety) and crowned-arms countermarks on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 27.02 grams. Odd-shaped flan with much flatness but essentially no corrosion (toned AVG), bold 51 of date, with first countermark on lower-left quadrant of cross and second countermark (about 30% full and well detailed) at bottom on edge, toned all over. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 297 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crown-alone and crowned-C countermarks on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 24.64 grams. Choice broad flan with minimal surface pitting (nicely toned VF), the metal extending well past the outer border in places, particularly at the full and bold date, also with bold full king's ordinal IIII outside of full shield (with full crown above) sporting nearly full countermarks above and below center, slightly crude edge with splits and minor bends. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 201 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 71 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crown-alone ("jester's cap") countermark on cross, ex-Maravillas, ex-Harley, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 27.12 grams. Choice example with corrosion only on date near edge, nearly full legends and well-detailed interiors with bold and nearly full countermark (very scarce) on left arm of full cross-and-tressure, king's ordinal IIII and two full assayers, overall AXF, mostly brown-toned. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 11 (lot 371), the Alan Harley Collection (Baldwin's auction of September 2011, lot 1859), and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 200 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 301 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crowned-arms countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 27.16 grams. Solid and nearly corrosion-free with choice but slightly off-center full shield and cross, the former with curiously raised diagonal line for Brabant (unique thus) and the latter with clear date and very bold but typically partial countermark on right edge, VF with light toning in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 15 (lot 487) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 205 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 55 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crowned-script-L countermark (extremely rare) on cross, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 25.97 grams. Broad flan with metal extending past outer borders in places (with small part of edge bent), toned VF with a few marks but minimal surface corrosion (probably from the Capitana shipwreck of 1654), full PHILIPPVS IIII, very bold 16 and 1 of date, nearly full countermark filling top-right quadrant of full cross (clearly a script-L and not regular L as mis-attributed in Mastalir). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 198 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 141 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 E, with crowned-P countermark (rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 23.66 grams. Bold full countermark filling top-left quadrant of cross with clear date beyond, double-struck shield with most of crown and king's name, a bit weak (VG) and thin from corrosion, with some light toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 503) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 202 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crown-alone countermark on shield and crown-alone countermark (rare variety) on cross (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 24.02 grams. Odd-shaped flan with well-centered full shield showing full countermark in center, off-center cross with flan extending well past the outer border, very bold and nearly full countermark at top (covering the date), AXF with light surface corrosion, toned in crevices. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 342) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 381 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crowned-C and crown-alone countermark on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 20.39 grams. Moderately corroded but with clear full shield and cross (Fine overall, nicely toned), both countermarks clear (the crown-alone near center and the scarce crowned-C to right), edge-split. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 282 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crowned-•F• (two dots) and crown-alone countermarks on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 26.89 grams. Solid, corrosion-free, broad-flan XF with extensive peripheral flatness (one edge-split) but king's ordinal IIII full nonetheless, choice full shield showing overlapping full countermarks in center, the cross with brockages of those countermarks in the same place, traces of toning in crevices. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Christie's (London) auction of May 1992 (lot 44) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 266 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crowned-O and crown-alone countermark on shield (very rare with two countermarks), ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 16.28 grams. Thin from corrosion but with full shield and good toning (About Fine overall), the countermarks both bold (the crowned-O scarce) but almost totally overlapping in the upper half of the shield, clear king's ordinal IIII in legend. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 266 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crown-alone (fancy) countermark (rare) on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 26.86 grams. Solid coin with minimal surface pitting (lightly toned AVF), full cross with bold full 16 of date but the rest of date covered by 100% full countermark, doubled shield with bold denomination 8 to right. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 343) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 291 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crowned-L countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 26.08 grams. Broad, oval-shaped flan with part of edge bent, good full cross that is so off-center as to allow extensive metal past the outer border, full countermark in lower-left quadrant, bold but doubled shield king's ordinal IIII below and crown above, AVF with contrasting toning. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to the Ponterio "Capitana" auction of April 1999 (lot 153) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1651-52) E, with crowned-script-Z countermark (rare) on shield, ex-Maravillas, ex-Hudson, ex-Ponte, Mastalir and KM Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-Type 327. 28.14 grams. Choice and corrosion-free (in fact overweight) with contrasting toning and VF+ details, with 100% full countermark at bottom of full shield with crown above, bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, possible faint date 1651 outside of full cross, small edge-split. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to the Louis Hudson Collection (Sedwick Auction 6, lot 341) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin in the KM references and on page 232 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part B: The Countermarks of 1652 (2021).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1652 E, very rare, with crowned-arms countermark on cross, ex-Capitana, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1492. 20.71 grams. Full date (bisected by edge-split) with particularly bold digit 2 outside of good full cross-and-tressure, the full crown and shield also nice with nearly full countermark at top right, both assayers clear, a bit thin from corrosion but with VF+ details and attractively toned. From the Capitana (1654), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 12 (lot 509) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 152 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 340 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1652 E, very rare, with crowned-•F• (two dots) countermark on shield, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1492. 25.48 grams. Oblong flan due to tangential edge-loss (rest of coin corrosion-free), with bold and nearly full countermark at top of full shield, full cross with half of 165 and clear bottom of 2 of date, small edge-split, toned AVF. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 22 (lot 356) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 153 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 340 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1652 E, very rare, with crowned-•T• countermark (rare) on shield, ex-Maravillas, ex-Ponte, Mastalir Plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1492. 22.70 grams. Thin from corrosion but well centered on a broad, round flan (toned AVF), with nearly full countermark in epicenter of full shield, bold E to left and 8 to right, full but weaker cross-and-tressure with bold full digit 2 of date. From the Maravillas (1656), pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 409) and the Luis R. Ponte Collection, Plate Coin on page 154 of Mastalir's The Great Transition at the Potosí Mint 1649-1652: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652, Part A: The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage (2021) and on page 316 of Part B: The Countermarks of 1652.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1652 E, Transitional Type III/A, rare, NGC XF 40, ex-Woodside. S-P37; KM-A20.3; Cal-unl. 27.28 grams. Broad round flan extending past the outer border in places, full but doubled legends, complete interiors without doubling, deeply toned all over, a die-match with Lázaro 119 (rated R4) but not called a Royal by NGC, in any case a very choice example of the rare early Type with E-•-E across bottom. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1652 E, Transitional Type IV or V/A, with contemporary counterfeit Guatemala sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on cross, ex-Ponte. S-P37; KM-A20.3; Cal-Type 328. 25.63 grams. Smooth Fine with only light toning, the very deep countermark above full but off-center shield with metal extending past outer border on that side, well-centered full pillars-and-waves with bottom-middle compartment flat from countermark on other side (hence exact Type uncertain), holed at bottom of shield. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1653 E, •PH• at top, •pomegranate• above cross. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1503. 26.67 grams. Lightly toned AXF with full and well-centered pillars-and-waves, doubled full cross, bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, no corrosion but likely from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1653 E, •PH• at top, •pomegranate• above cross, ex-Woodside. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1503. 27.01 grams. Well-centered VF+ on a thick, small-diameter flan with bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, full •PH•, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, deeply toned. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1654 E, •PH• at top, •pomegranate• above cross, retrograde 4 in date, very rare, NGC XF 40, finest and only example in NGC census. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1508. 26.64 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles with date 654 below, full pillars-and-waves (left pillar bold) with full 54 date showing retrograde 4 (small, probably a 4R punch), full PH at top, three mintmarks and assayers, deeply toned all over (low contrast). Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 31 (lot 603). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1654 E, •PH• at top, •pomegranate• above cross. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1506. 26.67 grams. Non-toned VF with faint surface pitting (likely from the Maravillas shipwreck of 1656), good full cross-lions-castles, full but doubled and off-center pillars-and-waves with full POTOSI in legend, two dates, three assayers and mintmarks.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1657 E, no PH at top, denomination •8• above cross. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-unl (Type 335). 25.46 grams. Bold and 100% full crowned pillars with clear date and two assayers, doubled full cross with second date below, faintly toned VF with light surface pitting (probably from the "Jupiter Wreck" of 1659).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1658 E, pomegranate at top on both sides, NGC AU details / holed, ex-A. Rosenheim Collection (stated on label). S-P37a; KM-R21; Cal-1423. 25.50 grams. Broad flan with 100% full legends and choice details all over (no doubling or weakness), richly toned, with small hole at top of cross / left of pillars, die-match with Lázaro 157 (rated R2), technically tied with one other for finest in NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1659 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1523. 26.69 grams. Oblong flan with three clear dates despite areas of flatness, the 59 above full waves particularly bold, overall AVF with minor edge-splits, nicely toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1660 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1524. 27.66 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles, full but slightly doubled pillars-and-waves, two dates, three mintmarks, bold PHIL- in legend, faintly toned VF with trace of surface pitting, edge-split.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1661 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1525. 26.56 grams. Well-centered, broad-flan Fine with flat peripheries, full cross and pillars with all three mintmarks and assayers, lightly toned with tiny spots of verdigris and faint surface pitting, edge-split.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1663 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1527. 26.63 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves (the latter slightly off-center), two full dates plus 16 in legend (scarce date), lightly toned Fine with faint surface pitting.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1665 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1530. 25.70 grams. Broad-flan VF, well centered, with good full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two full dates plus 16 in legend, two assayers and mintmarks, lightly toned, with faint surface pitting, hairline split and slight bend in edge.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1666 E, rare, NGC XF details / plugged, finest known in NGC census, ex-Woodside. S-P37a; KM-R21; Cal-1434. Beautiful 100% full details with deeply contrasting toning, no doubling or weakness, the stated plugged hole virtually undetectable, die-match with Lázaro 177 (rated R3), desirable final date for Philip IV Royal 8R. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1666 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1532. 26.68 grams. Lightly toned Fine with full and well-centered cross-lions-castles, full but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves, parts of all three dates, some flat spots and faint surface porosity all over.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1670 E. S-P37b; KM-26; Cal-701. 27.26 grams. Bold full pillars with choice tops (crowns), date and mintmark, well-centered full cross, but flat peripheries, VF overall with verdigris and spotty dark toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1676 E, ex-Espinola, ex-Woodside. S-P37b; KM-26; Cal-708. 27.08 grams. Unevenly struck VF with choice toning, pillars side with bold full date, mintmark, two assayers, and POTOSI, cross side with clear date and assayer and full CAROLVS II, accompanied by NGC label 2816930-011 VF 35. Pedigreed to the Pablo Hernan Espinola Collection (stated on NGC label) and the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1679 V. S-P39; KM-26; Cal-716. 26.52 grams. Technically bold VF but with high points flat (not worn), with well-centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates, toned in crevices and with small spots of verdigris, somewhat scarce as non-salvage.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1680 V. S-P39; KM-26; Cal-717. 26.45 grams. Richly toned AVF with flat centers, 100% full waves, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers visible, very small edge-split.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1681 V. S-P39; KM-26; Cal-719. 27.04 grams. Broad-flan Fine with full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates, three assayers, light scratches in center and traces of porosity at edge.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1682 V, rare, NGC XF details / holed, ex-Woodside, ex-Trastámara. S-P39; KM-R26; Cal-678. 26.51 grams. Impressively broad flan with choice full legends and interiors, just a hint of doubling on pillars side (which is a die-match with Lázaro 208), lovely contrasting toning, holed to left of cross. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection and to Sedwick Auction 31, with original lot-tag 621, also pedigreed to the Trastámara Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2017, lot 397). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1682 V, NGC AU 55, "top pop" in NGC census. S-P39; KM-R26; Cal-678. 26.76 grams. Softly struck and non-toned but clearly high grade (tied with just one other in NGC census), with full but off-center pillars-and-waves, well-centered but doubled full cross-lions-castles, three dates and mintmarks and assayers, small edge-split. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1682 V. S-P39; KM-R26; Cal-678. 27.63 grams. Nicely toned XF with well-centered full pillars-and-waves, full but centrally flat cross-lions-castles, two dates, three mintmarks and assayers, hairline edge-split.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1687 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-729. 27.42 grams. Softly struck, non-toned AU with nearly full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two bold dates and two full assayers, king's name CAROLVS in legend.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1690 VR, NGC VF 30. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-733. Bold full pillars and cross, both well centered, right pillar doubled, with all three dates and mintmarks and assayers clear, partially crude edge (as made) with edge-split and tiny knob, non-toned XF or better in our opinion (old NGC label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1690 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-733. 21.11 grams. Excellent full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles (XF details) despite thinning from corrosion all over, contrastingly toned, with two bold dates and assayers and mintmarks, nebulously attributed to a 1691 shipwreck sunk in "el golfo de la Bermuda" (wherever that is).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1693 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-736. 26.83 grams. Thick, compact flan with smooth VF surfaces, full pillars and nearly full cross, the latter with bold date and both assayers and mintmarks, toned in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1705 Y, ex-Woodside. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1540. 26.86 grams. Fat, chunky flan with full pillars and (off-center) cross, two assayers and mintmarks, nicely toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection, with old collector's tag.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1707 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1542. 26.03 grams. Typically chunky flan with sharp points in edge (hence actually high grade but with only VF details and flat peripheries), good pillars and top-right lion, darkly stained.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1708 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1543. 25.21 grams. Small, underweight flan (as made) but flatter than usual, with bold full pillars-and-waves showing strong main date and bottoms of second date in legend (rare thus), off-center cross, AVF with deeply contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1710 Y, extremely rare, PCGS VF details / holed, finest and only example in PCGS census. S-P43a; KM-R31; Cal-1482. 26.38 grams. Crudely struck per the era but with its off-center pillars side enabling a 100% full date in legend that is almost never seen (rendered as ANO 17110 due to doubling), not to mention the full 1710 date below the full cross as well, toned in crevices, holed to left of cross. The only other example we know of, Lázaro 330 (rated R4), has a different pillars-side die with dot above the denomination, but the cross side is a match. An important coin for the advanced specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1715 Y, rare, NGC VF details / holed, ex-Ugaz. S-P43a; KM-R31; Cal-1487. 28.17 grams. Broad flan with full pillars-side details, off-center cross side with full crown and PHILIPPVS in legend, slightly doubled on both sides, contrastingly toned, with hole at top of pillars, only the cross side a match with Lázaro 259 (rated R2), the pillars-side die unrecorded. From 1712 to 1732 (see lot 1067 below), for reasons unknown, the 8R Royals show a word-separating ornament in the legends that looks like an upright spade-like symbol, which numismatists refer to as "condors"; in 1715-16, as seen here, the "condors" are also clustered around the denomination at the top of the pillars. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Louis I, 1726 Y, rare, ex-Woodside. S-P43b; KM-35; Cal-49. 27.35 grams. Chunky Fine with irregular edge (as made), full but doubled pillars-and-waves with two full dates on that side, most of cross despite flat areas with bold LV- of king's name in legend (particularly rare and desirable thus), toned in crevices, with faint scratches only in flat areas on pillars side. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection and to Sedwick Auction 31, with original lot-tag 641.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1732 M, unique, NGC AU details / plugged, finest and only example in NGC census. S-P44; KM-unl (R31a for type); Cal-unl (Type 174). 26.83 grams. Beautiful full strike that includes some legend (rarely seen on later dates), practically no doubling or weakness, with choice contrasting toning all over, the stated plugged hole at top of cross so well repaired as to be virtually undetectable, this date unknown and unrecorded until this specimen first appeared in 2007 (with hole). As mentioned in lot 1065 above, the Potosí 8R Royals of 1715-32 show "condors" for ornaments in the legends, rarely seen in the smaller-diameter coins but here rather bold flanking the crown and after the full word POTOSI. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1734 E. S-P46; KM-31a; Cal-1569. 27.06 grams. Chunky XF+ with full pillars (especially the right one) showing clear date and bold assayer, the cross also full but off-center, lightly toned all over.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1738 M, very rare, NGC XF details / holed. S-P47; KM-R31a; Cal-1508. 25.42 grams. Thick flan with some traces of legends, bold full details without doubling or flatness, deeply contrasting toning, curiously not a die-match with either Lázaro 289 or 289A, this date missing in most advanced collections. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1742 C, ex-Woodside. S-P49; KM-31a; Cal-1583. 26.84 grams. Chunky with crude edge (as made) but choice full cross-lions-castles and full but slightly doubled pillars, two dates, three assayers and mintmarks, contrastingly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1749 q. S-P50a; KM-40; Cal-511. 25.27 grams. Excellent full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves on a more evenly thick flan than usual, with two very bold dates and all three mintmarks, contrastingly toned VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1749 q. S-P50a; KM-40; Cal-511. 24.20 grams. Non-toned AU with faint surface pitting on off-center cross side that shows a full FERD- of king's name in legend, choice date inside full pillars.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1753 q, ex-Woodside. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-524. 27.16 grams. Chunky but choice XF+ with deep toning all over, 100% full pillars-and-waves and bold full cross, two full dates, three assayers, accompanied by NGC label 4425884-009 XF 45. Pedigreed to the Rob Woodside Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1773 V-(Y), rare final year of cobs, with Guatemala sun-over-mountains (Type II) countermark on cross, NGC F details / holed, c/s VF standard. S-P59; KM-45; Cal-1158. 25.65 grams. Super thick and chunky with very bold cross and pillars standing out from dark fields with smooth surfaces all over, the countermark not too deeply impressed on left arm of cross, holed near top, but most important is that the date is full and clear (as is the assayer). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales Royal (galano), 1678 E, struck over a Potosí shield-type cob 8 reales, unique, ex-Ortiz. S-P37b; KM-R25; Cal-502. 12.18 grams. Broad-flan XF with plugged hole at bottom of pillars and minor surface porosity (possibly from removal of gilding), toned in crevices, with some legend (three dates) and clear inner details that at first look doubled but upon closer inspection are actually struck over a Potosí shield type cob 8 reales in half thickness, the host's shield detail and denomination peeking through on the cross side with some elements of the host coin's cross among the pillars, a crazy piece unlike any we have seen before. Pedigreed to the Emilio Ortiz Collection and to the Swiss Bank Corporation sale of January 1991 (lot 108), and to the Ponterio auction of March 1992 (lot 794).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1678 E, retrograde denomination 4, ex-Sellschopp, ex-Ugaz. S-P37b; KM-unl (25 for type); Cal-unl (Type 94). 14.31 grams. Large flan (in fact overweight) with one bold pillar (off-center) and most of cross, two bold dates and assayers, full denomination in retrograde, toned XF with flat peripheries, light stain from former sticker on cross side that typifies Sellschopp coins (desirable pedigree). Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 786) and to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (Sedwick Auction 30, lot 730).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1696 VR, PCGS XF details / surfaces smoothed, ex-Pat Johnson (stated on label). S-P40; KM-25; Cal-543. 13.57 grams. Off-center strike on chunky flan with two bold dates on pillars side, choice crown above cross, steel-gray toning, the surfaces faintly porous (possibly salvaged). Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1720 Y, PCGS VF35, ex-Sellschopp, ex-Pat Johnson (both stated on label). S-P43a; KM-30; Cal-1172. 13.74 grams. Clear date between full pillars and second date below full cross but rest of peripheries flat, richly toned all over, somewhat scarce date. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp auction of September 1988, lot 858) and to the Pat Johnson Collection, with his tag. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales Royal (galano), 1731 M, rare, NGC XF details / plugged, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Karon. S-P44; KM-unl (R30a for type); Cal-1140. 12.48 grams. Perfectly round, thick, small-diameter flan with choice bold inner details (no legends), practically no doubling, faint surface porosity, with deep contrasting toning all over, the plugged hole so expertly repaired as to be nearly undetectable now. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of November 1984 (lot 1023) and the Paul Karon Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1990, lot 416). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1741 P, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Pat Johnson (stated on label). S-P48; KM-30a; Cal-1199. 13.54 grams. Very chunky flan with crude edge (as made, with points and foldover) but with bold and nearly full pillars-and-waves and cross, three bold mintmarks, parts of two dates and all three assayers, only faint toning in crevices, the best at PCGS with none at NGC.. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1744 q, NGC XF 45, ex-Ugaz. S-P50; KM-30a; Cal-1205. 13.54 grams. Chunky flan with bold cross and center of pillars, two clear dates (mis-attributed to 1745 on label and in census, should be finest known in NGC census when corrected), also bold mintmark and assayer (scarce for this date), attractively toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (Sedwick Auction 30, lot 762). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1745 q, NGC AU 50, ex-Ugaz. S-P50; KM-30a; Cal-1206. 13.48 grams. Chunky flan with distractingly dark toning but full pillars-and-waves, the cross full but doubled, with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers at least partially visible. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (Sedwick Auction 30, lot 763). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1747 q, Philip V posthumous, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Ugaz. S-P50; KM-30a; Cal-1209. 13.29 grams. Chunky round flan with bold center of pillars, partial off-center cross with flat area near edge but also clear PHIL- for posthumous Philip V in legend, three assayers, richly toned, choice grade. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (Sedwick Auction 30, lot 765). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1753 C. S-P53; KM-39; Cal-408. 12.93 grams. Chunky flan with clear date between full pillars, bold center of cross, AU- with multi-color toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1765 V-Y, NGC XF 40, ex-Ugaz. S-P57; KM-44; Cal-909. 13.44 grams. Broad flan for the period with two full and bold dates, most of cross and pillars but peripheries crude (as made) with edge-split and flatness, attractively toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (Sedwick Auction 30, lot 776). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1766 V-Y, NGC AU 53, finest known in NGC census. S-P57; KM-44; Cal-910. 13.26 grams. Typically chunky but with clear date between full and well-centered pillars, nearly full cross, several small edge-cracks, toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 1 real Royal, 1663 E, unique. S-P37a; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 3.77 grams. Very broad flan with 100% full legends and inner details, virtually no doubling or flatness, holed twice (once at top of cross / top of right pillar, next to a previous attempt hole, with second hole in O of ANO), light tooling around upper-left castle, toned in legends, first example we have ever seen or heard of and also the only Philip IV Royal we know of in this denomination.