Seville, Spain, 1 escudo, Charles-Joanna, assayer * to right, mintmark S to left, PCGS XF45. Cal-196. 3.19 grams. Problem-free piece with some honest wear and a nice full shield and cross, shield side struck a bit off-center with partial king's name in legend visible yet the cross side is well centered with most of legends showing, some die clash evidence with cross showing through the shield, nice yellow gold color all over. PCGS #41313181.

Seville, Spain, 1 escudo, Charles-Joanna, assayer * to right, mintmark S to left. Cal-196. 3.22 grams. AXF with prior mounting marks on edge, some flatness with surface marks on shield and cross yet nearly complete and bold legends.

Seville, Spain, cob 2 escudos, 1595 date to right, assayer not visible (B to left below mintmark S). Cal-852. 5.91 grams. Uneven strike with full and bold date (scarce thus) despite flat areas, most of cross and shield, lightly clipped and shaved around edge, XF with traces of luster and toning in crevices.

Seville, Spain, cob 2 escudos, Philip II or III, assayer not visible. 6.71 grams. Cleaned XF, previously mounted with three small test cuts on edge below shield, bold partial shield and cross.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 escudos, Philip IV, assayer R, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Cal-Type 406; KM-112. 26.56 grams. Scarce early Spanish 8 escudos type coin with lightly polished surfaces, strong nearly complete shield (with some doubling), and choice full cross. NGC #5965264-003.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 escudos, Charles II, assayer M, NGC AU details / plugged. Cal-Type 181; KM-61.2. 26.70 grams. Rather nice example despite the plugged hole at top in crown with sharp strike details on the full shield and cross showing only a little doubling, choice bold HISPANIARVM REX on reverse. NGC #5965225-010. Pedigreed to the Fernandina collection.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 escudos, Charles II, assayer not visible, NGC XF details / scratches. Cal-Type 181; KM-61.2. Typically very crude with much flatness and very heavy and deep details, also with interior flan-crack and light scratches all over, most of the cross and shield nevertheless bold and desirable. NGC # 4678276-002.

Cuzco, Peru, cob 2 escudos, 1698 M, small flan, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-1715 Fleet (designated on special label) S-CZ1; KM-28; Cal-855. 6.70 grams. Struck on a small, thick flan with surfaces a bit shiny from a light cleaning, full pillars with some doubling, partial cross with some original mint luster on the fields, a few spots of encrustation. NGC #6272088-001. From the 1715 Fleet.

Lot of two Mexico City, Mexico, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayers G and L. Nesmith-46c type; Cal-128; S-M5; KM-18 for G and Nesmith-86a; Cal-135; S-M9; KM-18 for L. 23.83 grams total. Silvery with metal loss but retaining full legends and inner details, some staining. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet. Recovered from: Spanish 1554-Fleet wreck off Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Lot of two Mexico City, Mexico, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayers G and L. Nesmith-50d; Cal-127; S-M5; KM-18 for G and Nesmith-86; Cal-135; S-M9; KM-18 for L. 24.91 grams total. Silvery and untoned with some oxidations but still with full legends and inner details. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet. Recovered from: Spanish 1554-Fleet wreck off Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Lot of eight Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F (where visible). 49.10 grams total. All thin from heavy corrosion (one fragmentary), a couple with brown encrustation, generally clear shields and crosses. Pedigreed to the Dave Horner collection (Sedwick Auction 20, with original lot-tag 1752). Recovered from: San Martin, sunk in 1618 off the east coast of Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1619 (T), quadrants of cross transposed, Grade 4. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-928. 17.61 grams. Interesting piece with a clearly doubled 9 in the date so it reads "99," heavy corrosion on half of the shield side yet the rest of the coin quite solid and detailed with king's ordinal and partial legend visible, full cross with some doubling in bottom left quadrant. With original Fisher tag and certificate 119295. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T, Grade 4. S-P21; KM-10. 19.73 grams. Silvery surfaces from cleaning after salvage, corroded a bit thin along the edges yet overall a solid piece with some shield and cross detail, clear mintmark and assayer. With original Fisher tag and certificate 188951. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, Grade 4 ("1 point"), with hand-signed certificate from 1975. KM-10. 12.73 grams. Heavily corroded with faint shield and cross details visible, desirable early Atocha find. With 1975 tag and photo-certificate 1751 (Cape Coral Bank) hand-signed by Mel Fisher and others. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, Grade 4 ("1 point"), with hand-signed certificate from 1976. KM-10. 11.35 grams. Thin from corrosion yet most shield and cross detail still present, desirable early Atocha find. With 1976 tag and photo-certificate 3142 (Cape Coral Bank) hand-signed by Mel Fisher and others. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, Grade 4 ("1 point"), with hand-signed certificate from 1976. KM-10. 15.73 grams. Very corroded with some shield and cross details, patch of dark encrustation on shield, desirable early Atocha find. With 1976 tag and photo-certificate 3133 (Cape Coral Bank) hand-signed by Mel Fisher and others. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, Grade 4. KM-10. 17.06 grams. Corroded with little to no cross side detail but a nearly complete shield still visible. With Fisher tag and certificate 139009. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, Grade 4. KM-10. 17.37 grams. Solid example with weak yet present shield and cross design showing, dark silvery surfaces. With Fisher tag and certificate 193659. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip II or III, assayer not visible, Grade 4. 2.19 grams. Dark and thin from saltwater corrosion with faint shield and cross detail. With Fisher tag and certificate 120076. Recovered from: Atocha, sunk in 1622 west of Key West, Florida

Lot of three Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (where visible). S-M19; KM-45. 76.25 grams total. All choice examples from the wreck with dark toning and very little surface corrosion, one dated (163)9 with canvas bag imprint around edges on reverse. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible. KM-38. 13.27 grams. Darkly toned with minimal surface corrosion, a bit concave with partial shield and cross details. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible. KM-38. 12.58 grams. High grade piece with next to no saltwater corrosion, spotty dark toning above bold partial shield, complete cross. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P. S-M19; KM-38. 9.85 grams. Somewhat corroded but with bold shield and nearly complete cross. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Lot of three Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (where visible). S-M19; KM-38. 39.51 grams total. Nice grouping of choice cobs from the wreck, one with an excellent complete cross and another with an interesting shape. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Lot of three Potosi, Bolivia cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible. KM-19a. 80.11 grams total. Thick and circular pieces with next to no corrosion and strong design details, one with some edge cracks as made and another with a patch of encrustation. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet, with card from the salvors. Recovered from: Concepcion, sunk in 1641 off Hispaniola

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1650 O, with pentagonal crowned-1652 (Mastalir P52) countermark on cross, rare, Mastalir plate. S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1488. 12.43 grams. Very thin from corrosion but with most of the pentagonal countermark (all but the date at the bottom) and 0 of date at top visible on nicely toned cross side, silvery full shield and clear assayer despite corrosion loss, small edge-split. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 386 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with original Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, (1651) E, with crowned-F (Mastalir Fb2-x) countermark on cross, very rare, Mastalir plate. S-P36; KM-19b; Cal-1491. 11.69 grams. Bold dot-F-dot of countermark (one of only two known of this sub-variety to appear on the cross side), the cross (well toned) and shield both full but doubled, but all very thin from corrosion. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 356 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with original Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, (1651-2) E, with uncommon crown-alone (Mastalir K6a) countermark on cross, rare, Mastalir plate. S-P36; KM-19b. 14.97 grams. Bold but corroded full cross with nearly full countermark right on a large edge-crack (perhaps the cause of it), choice full shield without corrosion and with clear 8-E to right, nicely toned in crevices, thin overall but with nice features. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 295 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with original Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, (1651-2) E, no countermark (rare), Mastalir plate. S-P36; KM-19b. 22.15 grams. Full and well-detailed shield and cross despite moderate corrosion, mostly silvery but with dark patch on shield, both assayers visible, thin edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 452 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with copy of Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, (1651-2) O or E, with crowned-O (Mastalir O4) countermark on cross, unique, Mastalir plate. KM-19b. 10.16 grams. Very thin from corrosion but with one bold castle and one bold lion above a partial countermark that Mastalir has identified as a crowned O of a unique style, the shield side almost totally blank, darkly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 200 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with copy of Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, (1650-2) O or E, with uncommon crown-alone (Mastalir K4o1) countermark on cross, unique, Mastalir plate. KM-19b. 12.76 grams. A fragmentary coin but with nearly full and clear countermark on cross side, in fact the only coin known with this sub-variety on that side, most of shield visible, darkly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Roberto Mastalir Collection of Countermarked Potosi Cobs, Plate Coin (page 271 in Part B) in his book The Great Transition at the Potosi Mint, 1649-1653, The 1649-1652 Crowned Shield Coinage and the Countermarks of 1652 (2021), with copy of Herman Moro certificate. Recovered from: Capitana, sunk in 1654 off Chanduy, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible. KM-14a. 4.65 grams. Corroded with some shield and cross detail, desirable with original tag. With original (Florida) Division of Historical Resources plastic tag 10,880. Recovered from: "Jupiter Wreck" (San Miguel Arcangel), sunk in 1659 off the east coast of Florida

Lima, Peru, cob 1/2 real, Philip IV, "Star of Lima" type (very rare), date and assayer not visible (1659 V). S-L5; KM-unl; Cal-545. 1.09 grams. Very rare coin from the wreck with a distinctive style of monogram and lions and castles to denote the type, thin from corrosion yet both the monogram and cross are still visible. With original ROBCAR photo-certificate #M007289 (erroneously attributed as Potosi and as a two-coin clump). Recovered from: Consolacion, sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV or Charles II, assayer E. 8.35 grams. Corroded with dark toning, some clear pillars and cross detail. With original ROBCAR tag and certificate 2020011. Recovered from: Consolacion, sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1661 E. S-P37a; KM-16; Cal-929. 3.54 grams. A bit thin on the edges from corrosion yet nicely detailed with bold pillars date and full cross, small edge crack as made. With original ROBCAR photo-certificate #M003351. Recovered from: Consolacion, sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1 real, 1662 E. S-P37a; KM-13; Cal-764. 2.91 grams. Exceptional piece with three bold and complete dates, strong pillars detail (if a bit off-center) and nearly complete cross, dark silver toning throughout, certainly worthy of inclusion in a "best of the best" type set from the wreck. With original ROBCAR photo-certificate #M003349. Recovered from: Consolacion, sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1/2 real, 1673. S-P37b; KM-22; Cal-163. 1.31 grams. Slightly corroded yet with two clear dates, full monogram, and partial king's name in legend, grayish silver patina. With original ROBCAR photo-certificate #M007288. Recovered from: Consolacion, sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 1679 L. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-640. 18.87 grams. Some surface corrosion with a weak shield but clear date, mintmark, and assayer, nice full cross. With generic certificate from the salvors, pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 1997 (lot 830). Recovered from: Joanna, sunk in 1682 off South Africa

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 1680 L, rare. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-641. 25.50 grams. Solid piece with surfaces rather smooth and matte due to light corrosion and encrustation, some shield and cross detail, bold final digit of date (and thus rare). With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Joanna, sunk in 1682 off South Africa

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 1680 L, rare. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-641. 16.78 grams. Thin from saltwater corrosion yet with a clear mintmark, assayer initial, and final digit in the date plus some shield and cross detail. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Joanna, sunk in 1682 off South Africa

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. KM-47. 20.35 grams. A bit thin yet solid piece with some details visible, silvery with spots of dark toning around the edges, interesting upturned corner as made. Recovered from: Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. KM-40. 12.11 grams. Nice piece from the Fleet with minor surface porosity from saltwater immersion, still possessing bold shield and cross details. Recovered from: Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible. KM-40. 12.50 grams. Polished coin with minimal corrosion, some shield and cross details showing. Recovered from: Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, Philip IV (posthumous), assayer G, rare, ex-Gates. S-M19a; KM-unl (22 for type). 1.55 grams. Rare early type recovered from the Fleet with clear assayer initial and monogram, nice full cross, dark gray silver toning. From the "Cabin Wreck" site, with original (generic, small) Treasure Salvors certificate hand-signed by Rupe Gates, with old photo of him and Mo Molinar. Recovered from: Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, 1709 J, rare. S-M22; KM-24; Cal-218. 1.99 grams. Choice, non-corroded VF with much flatness but bold full oMJ inside a clear 170 of date with blunt tail of 9 following it (not 100% certain), most of cross, lightly toned with encrustation in crevices. Recovered from: Spanish 1715 Fleet, east coast of Florida

Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoon, Philip IV, 1634. KM-56.1; Delm-274. 30.50 grams. Nice early portrait type from the wreck with plenty of detail showing including clear date and mintmark plus full king's bust, silvery surfaces from cleaning after recovery. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoon, Philip IV, 1637. KM-72.1; Delm-284. 30.62 grams. Solid with clear king's bust and date, arms side a bit weak yet with clear mintmark, bright silver surfaces with spot of toning at 6 o'clock on obverse. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Flanders, Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoon, Charles II, 1670. KM-64; Delm-327. 30.57 grams. Choice bold legends on both sides with king's bust visible but a bit weak (perhaps more so from a weak strike rather than corrosion), silvery with spotty champagne toning. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Flanders, Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1652 and 1666. KM-50; Delm-unl (286 for type). 60.22 grams total. Both corroded but with important details (date and mintmark) visible, the posthumous issue 1666 unlisted in Delmonte, one with an edge crack and the other with planchet stress fractures as made. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Brussels Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1657 and 1660. KM-72.2; Delm-285. 59.12 grams total. Both quite decent, the 1657 a bit nicer and exhibiting only light surface corrosion and strong legends. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Brussels Mint), portrait ducatoons of Charles II: 1666 and 1677. KM-79.2; Delm-326. 57.54 grams total. Corroded (the 1677 less so than the other) with edge cracks as made. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Flanders, Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoons of Charles II: 1670 and 1671. KM-unl (64 for type); Delm-unl (327 for type). 59.10 grams total. Both with saltwater corrosion, the 1670 with a patch of dark encrustation over the portrait while the 1671 is rather silvery and quite nicely detailed (also a date that's unlisted in both KM and Delmonte). Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons, Charles II, 1679. KM-unl; Delm-325. 56.56 grams total. One with strong details and some surface porosity, the other lightly encrusted with planchet stress marks and slightly bent, unlisted date in KM. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1633, 1636, and 1639. KM-56.1, 72.1; Delm-274, 284. 83.34 grams total. Two with surface pitting while the 1636 is quite nice with clear portrait, date, and mintmark. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Brussels Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1637, 1651, and 1654. KM-72.2; Delm-285. 85.65 grams total. All corroded but solid with plenty of detail still visible. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1644, 1647 (two). KM-72.1; Delm-284. 88.18 grams total. Corroded yet with most details showing. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1648 (three). KM-72.1; Delm-284. 91.08 grams total. Two examples show some degree of corrosion while the third is rather nice with bold details. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1649, 1650, and 1652. KM-72.1; Delm-284. 88.92 grams total. All with somewhat corroded portrait sides but bold arms side details. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Philip IV: 1654, 1658, and 1662. KM-72.1; Delm-284. 89.71 grams total. Each a bit corroded from saltwater immersion, two with spots of dark encrustation. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Charles II: 1666 (two) and 1668. KM-79.1; Delm-325. 89.14 grams total. Some saltwater corrosion but each with plenty of detail and clear portraits still showing, one with some edge cracks (as made). Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait ducatoons of Charles II: 1673 (two) and 1675. KM-unl (79.1 for type); Delm-325. 86.03 grams total. Both 1673-dated coins are rather nice while the 1675 (an unlisted date in KM) is rather pitted with a scratch across the bust. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 140.62 grams total. All with corroded with some details, a few with identifiable dates or mintmarks. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of six Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 168.54 grams total. Varying degrees of corrosion and a few with black encrustation, one piece with the scarce long hair bust of Charles II. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of six Spanish Netherlands, portrait ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 163.17 grams total. Some heavily corroded while others much less so. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait 1/2 ducatoon, Philip IV, 1634. KM-60.1; Delm-279. 15.14 grams. Solid example with a patch of corrosion across the portrait yet otherwise quite bold. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait 1/2 ducatoon, Philip IV, 1654. KM-73.1; Delm-288. 15.57 grams. Silvery and lustrous piece with some flat areas of weakness, spotty gold toning on reverse. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait 1/2 ducatoon, Philip IV, 1658. KM-73.1; Delm-288. 15.73 grams. Light surface corrosion and plenty of detail with only a few areas of strike weakness, interesting rotated second strike error on obverse resulting in some distortion in the legend. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (Antwerp Mint), portrait 1/2 ducatoons of Philip IV: 1636 and 1639. KM-60.1, 73.1; Delm-279, 288. 25.67 grams total. Both with some saltwater corrosion yet nice bold portraits, the earlier 1636 type is very scarce from this wreck. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five Spanish Netherlands portrait 1/2 ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 74.11 grams total. Several rather nice pieces in this group, two with minor edge cracks as made. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five Spanish Netherlands portrait 1/2 ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 64.78 grams total. Two heavily corroded while the rest are quite decent with plenty of detail. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Zeeland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1662. KM-41.1; Delm-1024. 31.34 grams. Very nice example with minor surface corrosion and full details plus some patches of luster on the obverse, spots of dark toning. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1664. KM-46.1; Delm-1019. 31.25 grams. Solid coin with full knight on horseback, lustrous and mostly silvery but for a few patches of gold toning. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, (16)66. KM-46.1; Delm-1019. 30.53 grams. Some surface corrosion yet otherwise bold strike details in most areas, silvery in color with a few spots of toning on the obverse. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Overijssel, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1668. KM-65.1; Delm-1034. 30.07 grams. Corroded around the edges yet most details still present, spot of encrustation on the obverse. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1668. KM-46.1; Delm-1019. 30.35 grams. Lightly corroded, matte surfaces with some luster showing through. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Gelderland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1670. KM-41.1; Delm-1009. 30.33 grams. Minor surface corrosion yet almost fully detailed, spot of dark silver toning on obverse. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Holland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1673. KM-51; Delm-1014. 31.12 grams. Struck on a nice circular planchet with most of the design showing despite some strike weakness, light surface pitting and patches of original luster. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Gelderland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, (16)79. KM-41.1; Delm-1009a. 30.71 grams. Lustrous with bold design elements, bright silver surfaces and a few spots of faint toning. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Campen, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoon, 1680/79. KM-61.2; Delm-1040. 27.69 grams. Some surface pitting and corrosion around the rims but much of the design still present and quite bold. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Zeeland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1660 and 1661. KM-41.1; Delm-1024. 57.37 grams total. Both corroded but with some detail retained including full dates and mintmarks. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Holland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1668 and 1676. KM-41, 51; Delm-1013, 1014. 57.61 grams total. The 1676 is moderately corroded while the 1668 is quite nice with strong details (also with a natural edge crack). Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two Campen, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1669 and 1679. KM-61.1, 61.2; Delm-1039, 1040. 60.94 grams total. Both somewhat corroded but with full riders and arms plus clear dates, the 1679 struck on a crude planchet with some flaws and small edge cracks. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1659, 1661, and 1664. KM-46.1; Delm-1019. 89.99 grams total. All solid with some surface corrosion. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Zwolle, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1659, 1669, and 1676. KM-61, 65.1; Delm-1041, 1042 and unl. 84.37 grams total. The 1676 is unlisted in Delmonte and much nicer than the other two coins despite some dark encrustation. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Utrecht, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1661, 1668, and 1679. KM-46.1, 63; Delm-1029, 1031. 87.14 grams total. Decent examples with some corrosion, clear riders visible on each. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Campen, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1667 (two) and 1668. KM-65.1; Delm-1039. 82.38 grams total. All some visible detail despite corrosion, one darkly encrusted 1676 with numerous planchet flaws as made. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, various mints and dates: Campen 1668, Westfriesland 1668, and Holland 1673. KM-65.1, 46.1, 51; Delm-1039, 1013, 1014. 87.35 grams total. Each with decent riders side details, one darkly encrusted. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Gelderland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1670, 1674, and 1680. KM-41.1, 41.3; Delm-1009, 1009a. 90.33 grams total. Corroded but with some decent details still present. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1670 and 1672 (two). KM-46.1; Delm-1019. 86.42 grams total. All solid with moderate saltwater corrosion, some areas of bold details on each. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Westfriesland, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1673, 1678, and 1679. KM-46.1, 68; Delm-1019, unl, 1020. 90.24 grams total. Fair amount of detail on each despite the typical corrosion, the 1678 unlisted in Delmonte. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Overijssel, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1676 (two) and 1677. KM-41.1; Delm-1035. 84.24 grams total. Typical quality from the wreck with some surface corrosion. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Overijssel, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1677, 1679, and 1680. KM-41.1, 41.2; Delm-1035. 89.59 grams total. Varying levels of surface pitting with the 1679 being a bit nicer than the other two. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three Utrecht, United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons: 1679 (two) and 1680. KM-46.1; Delm-1031. 88.04 grams total. All with moderate corrosion. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of three United Netherlands "rider" ducatoons, various mints and dates: Campen 1679, Utrecht 1679, and Westfriesland 1659. KM-61.2, 46.1, 46.1; Delm-1040, 1031, 1019. 92.40 grams total. Two a bit corroded while the Campen piece is choice with very little saltwater damage beyond some dark toning. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of four United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons , some mints and/or dates visible. 106.04 grams total. Moderate corrosion yet all four with visible riders. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 135.13 grams total. Moderate to heavy corrosion, a few with some details showing. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 137.28 grams total. Moderate to heavy corrosion, a few with some details showing. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 136.85 grams total. Moderate to heavy corrosion, a few with some details showing. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of five United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 140.39 grams total. Moderate to heavy corrosion, a few with some details showing, one Zwolle type with a bold rider. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of six United Netherlands, "rider" ducatoons, some mints and/or dates visible. 162.76 grams total. Moderate to heavy corrosion, a few with some details showing. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of six Spanish or United Netherlands ducatoons, dark and encrusted as found. 94.69 grams total. Heavily corroded, several with black toning / encrustation. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of six Spanish or United Netherlands ducatoons, dark and encrusted as found. 132.76 grams total. Heavily corroded, several with black toning / encrustation. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Lot of two United Netherlands "rider" 1/2 ducatoons, one Utrecht (date not visible) and the other Westfriesland 1662. KM-51; Delm-1048. 27.73 grams total. Both with decent details and minor corrosion, one with some planchet stress marks. Recovered from: Akerendam, sunk in 1725 off Norway

Olmutz (Austrian Church States), thaler, Wolfgang, Count von Schrattenbach (1711-38), date not visible, ex-Sotheby & Co (1973). 21.85 grams. Moderately to heavily corroded but with well-defined edge and enough detail to attribute the issue, very rare provenance and desirable original auction pedigree. Pedigreed to the original Sotheby & Co (London) auction of November 1973 (lot 95), with certificate. Recovered from: Wendela, sunk in 1737 off the Shetland Isles, north of Scotland

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1735 MF. KM-103; Cal-1443. 25.09 grams. Darkly toned AU with some surface pitting. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1736 MF. KM-103; Cal-1445. 26.48 grams. UNC with a few traces areas of corrosion but otherwise quite choice, interesting planchet bulge above pillars. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1736 MF. KM-103; Cal-1445. 24.95 grams. UNC with some surface porosity, light gold toning over lustrous fields on the uncorroded areas. With certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737 MF. KM-103; Cal-1446. 24.83 grams. UNC details with corroded shield side and nice, somewhat lustrous pillars side. With original tag AC11475 and (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737 MF. KM-103; Cal-1446. 25.23 grams. UNC with minor surface corrosion (mostly on the shield side), somewhat matte with spots of luster. With original tag AC11327 and (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737 MF. KM-103; Cal-1446. 24.06 grams. Silvery UNC piece with some corrosion in places. With original tag AC11188 and (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737 MF. KM-103; Cal-1446. 23.01 grams. UNC with matte surface corrosion, silvery with a patch of luster near the pillars. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Rooswijk, sunk in 1739 southeast of England

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1738 M. S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1576. 21.20 grams. Well-centered pillars side with bold date and assayer, slightly off-center and heavily pitted cross with bold second date below, typically chunky with small edge-splits. With certificate and tag. Recovered from: Princess Louisa, sunk in 1743 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 4 reales, Philip V, 1735 MF. KM-94; Cal-1115. 12.36 grams. UNC details with a few surface marks and scratches on the pillars side, light corrosion and black encrustation on the shield side, Yonaka-M4-35. Recovered from: Hollandia, sunk in 1743 off the Isles of Scilly, southwest of England

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1750 q, rare. S-P50a; KM-40; Cal-512. 17.74 grams. Corroded with some pillars side detail still visible, a few spots of black encrustation, very rare provenance to a fifth rate frigate of the British Navy. With original (generic) certificate from the salvor. Recovered from: HMS Assurance, sunk in 1753 off the Isle of Wight, south of England

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1743 M, ex-Peterson (1979). KM-85; Cal-829. 6.22 grams. XF details, with lots of small marks and some rim damage but not overly corroded, lightly toned, valuable for its extremely rare provenance, first we have seen or heard of, with desirable pedigree linked to the late Smithsonian curator Mendel Peterson, who was known to have visited and dived on lots of wrecks around the world, earning the nickname "father of underwater archeology." Pedigreed to the Mendel Peterson collection (with small certificate), who recovered this coin from the wreck in May 1979, and accompanied by a color print of the ship by John R. Terry (1982). Recovered from: HMS Invincible, sunk in 1758 in the Solent, south of England

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1783 FF, NGC genuine / El Cazador. KM-88.2; Cal-673. AU/UNC details with minor surface corrosion, very unusual raised-X corrosion pattern across the bust (first we have seen like this). NGC #3909183-103. Recovered from: Cazador, sunk in 1784 off New Orleans, Louisiana

Small clump of three 2 reales (probably Mexican busts of Charles III), encrusted as found. 20.73 grams total. Nice original clump of coins in a leaning stack formation as found, with thick rust orange encrustation and debris all over. With hand-signed tag from the salvor (Craig Boyd). Recovered from: Cazador, sunk in 1784 off New Orleans, Louisiana

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1781 FF. KM-106.2; Cal-1121. 24.80 grams. Choice AU+ with minimal corrosion, dark gray-silver toning, Yonaka-M8-81. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Hartwell, sunk in 1787 off the Cape Verde Islands, west of Africa

Lisbon, Portugal, copper X reis, Joao V (1706-50), rare provenance. KM-191. 5.98 grams. Heavily corroded with some legend text visible, rare type from this wreck of a British third-rate ship of the line which was famous for carrying the "Hamilton collection" of Etruscan (Greek) vases. With certificate. Recovered from: HMS Colossus, sunk in 1798 off the Isles of Scilly, southwest of England

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800 IJ, ex-Haskins (1990). KM-97; Cal-918. 24.09 grams. UNC details with light surface corrosion, dark blue and purple toning on the obverse with more neutral color on the reverse, desirable pedigree. With photo-certificate from 1990 signed by salvor Jack Haskins. Recovered from: Santa Leocadia, sunk in 1800 off Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1808 TH. KM-109; Cal-988. 21.71 grams. Pitted surfaces yet with clear date and assayer's initials, scarce provenance. With original (generic) certificate from the salvors. Recovered from: Sabina, sunk in 1842 off South Africa

Mexico City, Mexico, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M), NGC AU details / cleaned. Nesmith-94a type; Cal-136; S-M9; KM-18. 13.74 grams. Brightly toned with full details all over, specks of sedimentation and some darkly toned spots, overall very attractive. NGC #5961187-004. Recovered from: Charles-Joanna, "Late Series"

Mexico City, Mexico, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L). Nesmith-85a type; Cal-101; S-M9; KM-12. 5.79 grams. Corroded but most details visible, dull finish.

Mexico City, Mexico, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left. Nesmith-48i; Cal-65; S-M5; KM-9. 3.28 grams. Attractively toned with virtually full legends, this assayer harder to find in the smaller denominations.

Mexico City, Mexico, copper 4 maravedis, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," no assayer (G), king's name as CAROLVS. Nesmith-2; Cal-31; S-M5; KM-unl. 5.90 grams. Rather worn, with light oxidation and scratches on reverse, but virtually full legends.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer not visible (F). S-M12; KM-43; Cal-664. 27.14 grams. VF+, struck on a thick flan with several as-made edge-cracks, bold mostly complete shield and full cross with second type of lions indicative of Philip II assayer F.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 26.38 grams. AU with flat peripherals yet bold, nearly complete shield and cross at center, the latter with late lions of Philip III.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.26 grams. Broad VF with strong and mostly complete shield plus oddly rendered denomination O over O to right (instead of 8), full cross featuring late lions but with super-long tails, some natural edge cracks.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer D. S-M18; KM-44.3. 27.22 grams. Decent XF with most of the shield visible and quite bold, choice full cross, thin edge crack as made.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible. KM-44.3. 27.20 grams. Unevenly thick, about XF coins with some bold shield detail if struck a bit off-center, nearly complete cross with late lions identifying the coin as struck during the reign of Philip III.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer F/O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, rare. S-M12; KM-unl (36 for type); Cal-unl. 13.61 grams. Nice AU with some strike difficulties but the areas that are struck up are well detailed, rare type with assayer F/O to left of shield, full cross visible.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible. KM-37.2. 13.57 grams. VF, struck on a cupped planchet with peripheral flatness, partial shield and full cross at center.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 4 reales, Philip V, assayer L (1702-5). S-M21a; KM-40. 13.54 grams. Irregularly shaped VF with partial yet bold shield and cross, some scratches, mottled dark gray toning.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 2 reales, 1615 F, very rare. S-M17; KM-unl (32.2 for type); Cal-unl. 6.65 grams. Very rare dated example (reportedly no more than three known) with bottom parts of 15 visible, overall VF with full shield and cross, wide crack on edge as made.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 2 reales, 1721 (J), very rare. S-M22; KM-35; Cal-unl. 6.40 grams. Another rare date with reportedly no more than three examples known, Fine with bold partial shield and cross, final two digits of date visible.

Lot of two Mexico City, Mexico, small cobs: one 2R Philip IV assayer D and one 1/2R Philip V assayer D. 5.04 grams total. Both nice VFs with bold design details and clear assayer's initials, choice cross on the 2R.

Lot of two Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1R, Philip II, assayer not visible (O). S-M11; KM-26. 6.30 grams. Both around VF or slightly better with nice crosses, one with surface porosity from land burial.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1 real, 1614 F, very rare. S-M17; KM-unl (27.2 for type); Cal-493. 3.44 grams. Very rare date (even missing in the Banco de Mexico collection) with bottom parts of all four digits in the date visible, cleaned VF+ with partial shield and cross details, scrape on reverse.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1 real, 1644 P, very rare. S-M19; KM-unl (28 for type); Cal-unl. 3.25 grams. Fine with clear 44 in date and thus extremely rare (also missing in the Banco de Mexico collection), partial shield and cross.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, 1661 P, rare. S-M19; KM-22; Cal-569. 1.52 grams. Clear and very rare date on this silvery VF piece, a few flat areas with partial monogram and cross, bold mintmark and assayer.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, 1676 G, very rare. S-M20; KM-unl (23 for type); Cal-unl. 1.57 grams. Fine with choice full and very rare date, surfaces once cleaned and now richly toned over, weak assayer below bold mintmark, decent and nearly complete cross.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, 1683 (L), very rare. S-M21; KM-23; Cal-150. 2.22 grams. Very rare with no more than five examples known and missing in the Banco de Mexico collection; VF piece struck on an inexplicably overweight triangular planchet, weak monogram side though clear final two digits of date, bold partial cross with rich rainbow toning in the fields.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1/2 real, 1719/8 (J), very rare. S-M22; KM-unl (24 for type); Cal-unl. 1.49 grams. Irregular rectangular shape with full denomination to right of off-center monogram, just the bottoms of the digits 19 of date with clear 9/8 overdate visible, nearly full but mostly flat cross, lightly toned, technically VF but weakly struck.

Lima, Peru, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, *-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-340. 6.35 grams. Slightly crude AVF with some areas of flatness from strike weakness, nice complete cross if somewhat doubled, full king's name in legend, rich gold toning in the fields.

Lima, Peru, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-P to left, oD-I to right. S-L4; KM-unl (7 for type); Cal-214. 3.29 grams. Scarce type as the least common of the 1R varieties, around AU with matte surfaces from prior burial, almost complete shield along with much of the legend visible, nice full cross (with some doubling).

Lima, Peru, cob 1/2 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P to left, dot-D to right, * below monogram, ex-Stallard. S-L4; KM-unl (5 for type); Cal-116. 1.68 grams. Choice full centers, with crisply detailed monogram and cross and crown, also with full P, dot-D and * and much legend, dark and slightly crusty AU. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection and to the Bowers & Ruddy auction of June 1979, with original lot-tag 3565.

Lima, Peru, cob 1/2 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, dot-D to left, * to right, ex-Stallard. S-L4; KM-unl (5 for type); Cal-120. 1.63 grams. Broad-flan AU with slightly oxidized surfaces but nice full interior details and most of legend including full PHILIPPVS, great coin for study. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection, with old Freeman Craig tag.

Lima, Peru, cob 1/4 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P to left and * to right of castle, ex-Stallard. S-L4; KM-2; Cal-101. 0.69 gram. Broad but thin flan (slightly porous) with choice full castle and full lion, minimal legend, darkly toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection and to the Ponterio auction of August 1989 (lot 1270).

Lima, Peru, cob 1/4 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, * to left and P to right of castle. S-L4; KM-2; Cal-102. 0.83 gram. Solid example with surface porosity, VF overall with full castle and lion plus some legend text visible.

Lima, Peru, cob 1/4 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P to right of castle. S-L4; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl. 0.68 gram. VF or so with dark corroded surfaces though clear castle and lion visible.

Lima, Peru, cob 1/4 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, no mintmarks nor assayer, ex-Stallard. S-L4; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-96. 0.66 gram. Full castle with choice crown above, full but off-center lion with most of crown and bold (HISPAN)IARV, in legend, nicely toned but slightly porous VF. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection.

Lima, Peru, cob 8 reales, 1700 H. S-L15; KM-24; Cal-607. 25.80 grams. Around Fine with dark salvaged surfaces, bold date between pillars, weird edge as made.

Lima, Peru, cob 2 reales, 1726 M. S-L20b; KM-32; Cal-738. 4.61 grams. VG with two full dates, partial pillars and cross, spot of encrustation on the reverse.

Lima, Peru, cob 1 real, 1695 R. S-L12; KM-20; Cal-226. 2.77 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, with two bold dates and assayers, three mintmarks, VF with uneven toning. With old Almanzar tag.

Lima, Peru, cob 1 real, 1717 M. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-398. 2.38 grams. Choice full pillars (especially the tops) and cross-lions-castles, two dates and mintmarks and assayers, richly toned VF with tiny edge-split, nearly round flan.

Lima, Peru, cob 1/2 real, 1699. S-L14; KM-22; Cal-136. 1.35 grams. Choice full monogram and date, the full cross-lions-castles also choice, all well centered, richly toned AVF.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13; KM-5.1; Cal-675. 26.69 grams. Around XF with patchy encrustation in fields, full shield and cross with some bold detail, scrape near upper left quadrant of cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period). S-P14; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.24 grams. VF with bold full shield and cross, the latter with "alien head" lions type formerly attributed to 3rd period, minor design doubling, clear mintmark and assayer. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of x's. S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-672. 27.31 grams. Solid VF with full and slightly doubled shield and cross, very bold mintmark and assayer, partial yet strong king's name with interesting doubling, clear borders of x's on both sides. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period). S-P14; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.13 grams. VF, struck on an unevenly thick planchet with thin edge crack as made, nice bold shield, full cross with some strike weakness, partial legend detail visible, dark gray toning in fields.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved-leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.00 grams. Around XF, well struck with bold complete shield and cross plus nice details visible on the castles and lions, spot of dark toning on edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.30 grams. VF with some flat areas from strike weakness, almost complete shield, nice full cross with minor doubling.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.22 grams. Choice XF/AU with some silvery luster and nicely detailed cross, nearly complete and bold shield, numerous dies cracks on the obverse, struck on a somewhat crude planchet.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 26.96 grams. About XF with doubled yet full shield and cross, king's ordinal visible in legend, light russet sedimentation in fields.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.06 grams. VF, struck on a crude planchet with lacuna in upper left of shield, decent full cross.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17; KM-10; Cal-916. 26.20 grams. VF with subpar striking and some flat areas, some bold shield detail showing, most of cross visible, dark gray coloration in recessed areas.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P22; KM-19. 26.84 grams. Fine with abraded surfaces contrasting with dark gray toned fields, bold partial shield and nice full cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination 8, fine-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 27.25 grams. Choice XF with dark argent toning around a bold and somewhat doubled shield plus clear denomination 8, bottom tail of 9 in date visible above very nice complete cross and castles-and-lions with some luster.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination 8, fine-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 27.46 grams. Around VF with a flat striking leaving some weak areas in the design but with full 9 of date, some shield and cross detail, king's ordinal IIII visible, light surface sedimentation throughout.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer TR (mid-1630s). S-P27; KM-19a. 25.18 grams. About Fine with some surface chatter, bold partial shield and full cross, clear mintmark and assayer, dark gunmetal toning in recessed areas. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer TR (mid-1630s). S-P27; KM-19a. 27.28 grams. About XF with silvery surfaces and spots of dark coloration from unspecified salvage, bold partial shield with no doubling, most of HISPANIARVM visible, almost complete cross with some doubling. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer TR (mid-1630s). S-P27; KM-19a. 26.90 grams. Crudely struck XF on a rough planchet with partial shield and cross, bold mintmark and assayer, a few small spots of verdigris. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Lot of five Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III and IV, various assayers (where visible), most with quadrants of cross transposed. 133.11 grams total. All nicely detailed with bold shields and full crosses, a few with minor marks but all generally choice.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer M (large) to left, rare, ex-Stallard. S-P2; KM-4.2; Cal-520. 12.32 grams. Typically broad, round flan with well-detailed full shield and cross-lions-castles, also full crown and some legend, the P-M to left bold, Fine with hole at top of cross, some spots of corrosion, toned in crevices. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer L (1st period), rare, NGC VF details / plugged. S-P3; KM-4.2; Cal-522. 13.45 grams. Nicely detailed piece with noted plugged hole along edge under PA in obverse legend, full shield and cross with dark plum toning in the recessed areas. NGC #6271338-005. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B/L (1st period). S-P4; KM-4.2; Cal-unl. 13.43 grams. VF with test cut on reverse edge, okay strike on a broad circular flan with some minor flat areas, full shield and nearly complete cross, heavy gray toning with spotty dark spots on reverse. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period). S-P4; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 13.63 grams. Choice VF+ with sharply detailed almost complete shield and nice full cross (if somewhat doubled) with dancing lions, dark russet toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period). S-P6; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 13.64 grams. Richly toned choice XF with sharply detailed complete shield and cross (if a bit doubled), weaker assayer B, note the looser-dot borders distinguishing 2nd period from 1st. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 12.54 grams. VF with bold full shield and cross, some surface corrosion and scratch in crown. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 13.01 grams. Crude VF with surface porosity (possibly salvaged), full crown above partial shield, nearly complete cross with strong doubling.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11; KM-4.2; Cal-527. 13.68 grams. Choice AU with substantial luster, nice full shield and cross with some doubling, partial king's name visible in legend, struck with rusty dies as evidenced in fields around lower half of the shield, crack on edge as made. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period). S-P14; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 13.56 grams. VF with nice full shield plus bold king's name in legend, doubled yet complete cross with "alien head" lions type formerly attributed to 3rd period. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period), borders of x's. S-P14; KM-4.3; Cal-525. 13.17 grams. AVF with mostly complete shield and cross possessing some central strike weakness (the former with old scrape at top right), bold mintmark and assayer (the latter a bit doubled), nice clear border of x's especially on the reverse, dark gray-toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), NGC AU 53, finest and only example in the NGC census. S-P15; KM-9; Cal-768. 13.32 grams. Nice full shield and cross with good centering and some luster NGC #5965053-004.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-9; Cal-768. 12.96 grams. Fine with slightly off-center and doubled design, scratches on cross, bold clear assayer, dark gray silver toning in fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg). S-P15; KM-9; Cal-768. 13.00 grams. About VF with some flat areas covered in russet toning, clear mintmark and assayer, mostly complete shield and full cross (the latter quite doubled), some planchet crudity with natural edge splits. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer RL (curved leg). S-P15; KM-9; Cal-768. 13.12 grams. Wildly doubled VF with interesting eight-pointed cross, distorted shield though clear assayer, plugged hole along edge to left of king's name. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17; KM-9; Cal-770. 13.52 grams. VF with clear mintmark and assayer, nearly complete shield and rather nice cross with some flat areas of strike weakness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer T, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P21; KM-9. 13.07 grams. VF/XF with some staining on the obverse and probably salvaged, fair amount of strong shield and cross details. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer T, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P21; KM-9. 13.36 grams. Fine+ with mintmark and assayer P*T and partial date 162(?), full shield and cross with some doubling, dark circulation cameo toning in fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer T. S-P21; KM-9. 12.80 grams. VF with surface porosity from burial, clear assayer to left of partial shield, some cross detail with flatness from strike weakness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer T. S-P21; KM-9. 13.72 grams. Problem-free VF+ with distorted yet full shield from strike doubling, complete cross with minor doubling Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (early 1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P22; KM-17. 13.40 grams. Choice AU with P*P to left of partial yet bold shield, full cross with wide doubling resulting in a third castle, irregular shape. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (early 1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P22; KM-17. 13.00 grams. Fine with full P-dot-P, nice full shield and cross, a few small edge splits as made, dark gray circulation cameo toning in the fields contrasting with lighter high points. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (early 1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P22; KM-17. 13.13 grams. VF with clear P-dot-P and bold shield, corrosion on the reverse. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed. S-P23; KM-17. 13.32 grams. VF struck on an unevenly thick planchet with P-dot-P to left of complete and bold shield, full cross, some legend detail showing. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer FR (ca. 1640), struck with an 8R-sized shield. S-P28; KM-17a. 12.09 grams. VF with an off-center obverse featuring a large, 8R-sized shield alongside normal sized mintmark and assayer P-dot-FR, decent cross, some edge cracks as made. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer FR (ca. 1640). S-P28; KM-17a. 10.95 grams. Fine+ with partial shield and cross due to off-center striking on a crude planchet with a lacuna on the edge, light tan encrustation all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, (1649) O, crowned-? countermark on cross. S-P35; KM-17b; Cal-1105. 12.18 grams. Full P-O to left of full but off-center shield, bottom half of cross visible (also off-center) with deep but unidentifiable countermark above and what appears to be a reverse impression of same on shield side, VG with deep toning all over, small edge-split. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Lot of three Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, Philip II through IV, various assayers (where visible). 39.85 grams total. Nice grouping of cobs with the two broader coins grading XF with strong design elements while the smaller 4R is about VF with light surface corrosion, all with minor planchet flaws as made.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-3.2; Cal-370. 6.51 grams. Sharply detailed XF+ with matte surfaces and tan sedimentation from prior burial, nice centered and clear shield and cross (both slightly doubled).

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-3.2; Cal-370. 6.70 grams. Fine/VF with decent centering, some flat areas on the shield and cross, full king's name and ordinal visible in the legend.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer R below mintmark P to right, ex-Stallard. S-P1; KM-2.1; Cal-238. 3.29 grams. Choice full shield and crown with bold denomination I to left and P-R to right (Stallard O2), full cross-lions-castles with distinctive Lima-style lion at lower left (Stallard F), nicely toned VF with tiny hole at bottom of shield / left of cross. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer R below mintmark P to right, ex-Stallard. S-P1; KM-2.1; Cal-238. 3.21 grams. Broad flan with good full shield, full P-R to right and open crown above (Stallard O3), full but slightly doubled cross-lions-castles (Stallard A), lightly toned Fine+ with areas of corrosion near edge. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer B/L (1st period) below mintmark P to left, ex-Stallard. S-P4; KM-2.2; Cal-unl. 3.25 grams. Richly toned VF+ with choice full shield and cross, the latter with tiny castles but oversized flat lions, much legend, bold mintmark-assayer with tiny P and large B punched over an offset L, holed to right of cross. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1/2 real, Philip II, assayer L/M (1st period) below, mintmark P to left of monogram, rare, ex-Stallard, ex-Karon. S-P3; KM-unl (1.2 for type); Cal-unl. 1.59 grams. Broad flan with full crown and much legend (DEI GRATIA on obverse), full interiors, the mintmark bold but the assayer a bit of a mess with only the L clear but of an early style (die-match with Sellschopp #61), AVF with darkly contrasting toning, holed near edge. Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard collection and to the Paul Karon collection (Ponterio auction of March 1990, lot 956).

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1652 E post-transitional (Transitional Type VIII/B), 1-PH-6 at top. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1500. 26.05 grams. VF with scratches, a plugged hole above the cross, and an attempted hole at 3 o'clock. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1717 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1553. 27.05 grams. Around VF and struck on an unevenly thick planchet with partial yet bold design including a clear date and nice full cross, with plugged hole near edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1720 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1556. 26.57 grams. VF with clear pillars-side date and full cross, some surface marks on the pillars side, struck on a crude planchet with interesting little nodule of silver on the edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1722 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1558. 26.11 grams. VF with attempted hole above cross and plugged hole below, some encrustation, full pillars with some doubling and clear date (scarce), partial yet bold cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1737 M. S-P47; KM-R31a; Cal-1507. 26.27 grams. Holed AVF with hammer damage on cross side. Pedigreed to the Tempel Collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1738 M. S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1576. 26.63 grams. Darkly toned VF+ with a plugged hole in the flat area and some tooling in the fields, bold full pillars and nearly complete cross, two visible dates. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1742 C. S-P49; KM-31a; Cal-1583. 26.75 grams. VF with surface corrosion on the cross side, struck on a very uneven and crude planchet though nicely detailed with full pillars and partial cross plus two clear dates. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1751 E. S-P51; KM-40; Cal-516. 27.75 grams. Gunmetal gray-toned XF with full pillars and cross plus two dates visible.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1754 C+q. S-P53; KM-40; Cal-528. 26.99 grams. VF, struck on a thick planchet with two dates visible, scratches on the cross side.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1768 V-Y, ex-Bir. S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1145. 26.21 grams. VF+, crude, chunky, squarish flan with very bold cross-lions-castles and one full pillar, two drilled holes near top of cross and spots of reddish encrustation. Pedigreed to the Mark Bir collection (Sedwick Auction 8, with original lot-tag 1502) with his tag.

Lot of four Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales: 1654 E, 1658 E, 1663 E and 1752 q. 104.53 grams total. Nice group of 8 reales, each with at least two dates visible. Two of them are holed while the other two have light surface corrosion

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1702 Y. S-P43a; KM-30; Cal-1154. 12.43 grams. Crudely plugged VF but with a clear date and assayer, full pillars, partial off-center cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1703 Y. S-P43a; KM-30; Cal-1155. 12.90 grams. VG with full date and assayer (if a bit doubled), some flat areas, darkly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1728 (M). S-P44; KM-30; Cal-1178. 13.30 grams. Fine+ with two full dates, nearly complete pillars and cross, grayish silver toning throughout.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1732 M. S-P44; KM-30a; Cal-1182. 13.47 grams. About VF with bold pillars side date and assayer, dark and oxidized cross side, interesting partial clip on edge as made. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1739 M, NGC AU 58. S-P47; KM-30a; Cal-1196. 13.32 grams. Choice piece with two full dates and assayer's initials, nearly complete pillars and cross, most of king's name visible, small edge crack as made, second finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5965052-005.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1740 P. S-P48; KM-30a; Cal-1198. 13.70 grams. XF piece struck on a crude and chunky planchet with light surface corrosion on the pillars side, two dates visible, somewhat scarce with this assayer.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1741 P, NGC AU details / environmental damage. S-P48; KM-30a; Cal-1199. 13.42 grams. Lightly corroded yet high grade cob, made on a thick and crude planchet with some as made edge cracks, bold full pillars and clear date, cross a bit weak. NGC #5965052-008.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1668 E. S-P37b; KM-24; Cal-385. 5.65 grams. About VF with a bulbous shaped planchet, full pillars and cross, two complete dates.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1686 VR. S-P40; KM-24; Cal-419. 6.37 grams. Holed VG, struck on a broad flan with natural edge crack, full pillars and nearly complete cross with two dates visible plus the final two digits for the date in the legend.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1733 E, NGC XF 45. S-P46; KM-29a; Cal-910. 6.68 grams. Very nice pillar side detail with bold date, full cross with weak date below, second finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5965032-008.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1736 E, NGC MS 62. S-P46; KM-29a; Cal-913. 6.51 grams. Lustrous with well struck details, full pillars and cross plus two visible dates, second finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5965032-011.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1736 E, NGC MS 61. S-P46; KM-29a; Cal-913. 6.28 grams. Nearly complete pillars and cross, one full date between pillars, struck on a crude planchet with muted luster across its surfaces, tied with one other for third finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5965032-012.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1736 E, NGC AU 58. S-P46; KM-29a; Cal-913. 6.93 grams. Lustrous and nicely struck with choice complete pillars and cross (the latter slightly doubled), two dates visible. NGC #5965032-013.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1743 C. S-P49; KM-29a; Cal-930. 6.66 grams. Bold pillars and cross with light sediment on fields, two dates and assayers and mintmarks, AXF with uneven toning, not as chunky as most for this period. With old Cordry & Craig tag.

Lot of four Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales: 1656 E, 1742 P, 1751 q, 176? V-(Y). 27.01 grams total. The three 1700s dated cobs are VF+ or better (one with a choice full cross) while the 1656 is a holed Fine with a full date and king's ordinal in the legends

Lot of four Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales: 1734 (E), 1736 E, 1739 M, 1742 P. 27.74 grams total. All XF or so, struck on thick planchets with plenty of detail, the 1736 in particular has a choice full cross.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1 real, 1654 E, PH at top. S-P37a; KM-13; Cal-753. 2.62 grams. Attractively toned VF+ with choice full pillars-and-waves and cross, bold PH, two dates, three mintmarks and assayers.

Lot of six Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1R: 1655 E, 1674 E, 1682 V, 1683 V, 1684 VR, 1685 VR. 19.07 grams total. Generally Fine to upper VF, all decent examples with plenty of pillars and cross detail plus visible dates, the 1682 is holed at the top.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776 JR, NGC AU details / cleaned. Janson-63.4; KM-55; Cal-1172. Lightly hairlined surfaces with gunmetal gray toning over subdued luster, popular date with US collectors (Yonaka-M8-76). NGC #5845269-007. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1825 JL. Janson-86.15.2; KM-84; Cal-1394. 26.86 grams. AU with old scratches on bust, dark gray toned centers with golden luster around the legends, popular final date of colonial issue (but this double-assayer version believed to have been struck under the Republic).

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1825 J. Janson-86.15.1; KM-84; ; Cal-1393. 26.52 grams. XF with surface hairlines, mostly untoned with hints of luster in the fields, much scarcer single-letter assayer and popular final date of colonial issue.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 4 reales, Charles III, 1776 JR. Janson-64.4; KM-54; Cal-933. 13.30 grams. VF with some hairlines, popular date with US collectors.

Lot of two Potosi, Bolivia, bust 4 reales, Charles III, 1776 JR and PR. Janson-64.4, 64.5; KM-54; Cal-933, 934. Pairing of both assayers for this popular year with US collectors. The 1776 JR is VG while the 1776 PR is Fine, both with surface hairlines and toning around the edges.

Lot of two Potosi, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1776 JR and PR. Janson-65.4, 65.5; KM-53; Cal-717, 718. Pairing of both assayers for this popular year with US collectors. Both with minor hairlines and grading around VG/Fine (the PR example a bit nicer).

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1808 PJ, PCGS MS 63. Janson-79.21.2; KM-70; Cal-484. Bold Mint State details with mottled blue and red toning over fields with subdued luster, much nicer than usually seen and the second finest example listed in the PCGS census. PCGS #39227832.

Potosi, Bolivia, gold 2 scudos, 1834 LM, PCGS AU details / tooled. KM-101. Rare 2-year type with bust of Simon Bolivar in military uniform. Cleaning hairlines and marks in the fields, bold design elements with thin edge crack (as made) as well as planchet adjustment lines across the reverse. PCGS #28116925

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1845 R, NGC AU 53. KM-103. Nicely detailed and minimally circulated crown sized coin with dark gold and gray toning, struck on crude planchet with some stress marks in the silver at the center. NGC #5965032-001 (note: scratch in holder at top).

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1860 FJ, Bolivar facing left, "400 Gs" in legend. KM-138.6. 19.87 grams. Richly toned XF/AU with a few wispy hairlines on the obverse.

Large lot of thirteen Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, various Bolivar busts, dates as follows: 1827 JM, 1828 JM, 1829 JM, 1835 LM, 1837 LM (2), 1838 LM, 1839 LM (2), 1840 LR (2), 1841 LR, 1850 FM. 349.21 grams total. Most around VF to XF, a few with surfaces marks, graffiti, or encrustation.

Large lot of ten Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, laureate Bolivar busts, dated 1859-63. KM-138.6. 198.27 grams total. Grades range around VF to XF with a few slightly better, one example holed at top and others with problems like cleaning and damage.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1854 MJ, NGC UNC details / cleaned. KM-123.2. Sharply detailed with hairlined surfaces. NGC #5965006-005.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1855 MJ, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-123.2. Minor circulation wear and cleaning, planchet flaw along obverse edge. NGC #5965006-004.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1857 FJ, NGC UNC details / reverse cleaned. KM-123.2. Bright and silvery with hairlines from light cleaning. NGC #5965006-003.

Large lot of 25 Potosi and La Paz, Bolivia, 4 soles, various Bolivar busts, dated 1830 and 1854-59. 333.49 grams total. Generally around VF to AU, a few with hairlines or cleaning but no major problems.

Brazil (Rio mint), 960 reis, Pedro I, 1824-R, struck over a Santiago, Chile, "volcano" peso dated 1817 (rare host). KM-368.1. 25.60 grams. Lustrous, problem-free AU with plenty of visible host coin details on both sides to identify this rare type.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1805 FJ, rare. Cal-1775; KM-54. 26.95 grams. About AU with flashy fields, previously cleaned.

Santiago, Chile, gold 20 pesos, 1976, vines and banner below arms, NGC MS 68, finest known in NGC census. KM-188. Far and away the sole finest seen by NGC with the next finest being a group of MS 66 graded pieces and also beating out the finest seen (MS65) at PCGS. Exceptional satin surfaces with pink-gold hues on the centers. NGC #5897426-005.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1795 JJ. KM-62.1. 27.06 grams. Nicely detailed XF/AU with minor marks in the fields.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1819 FM, off-center double struck error, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Restrepo-128.33; KM-66.2; Cal-1824. 27.06 grams. Interesting off-center second strike error on the obverse leading to distortions in the legends and design (giving the king a prominent double chin!), sharp details and with surface hairlines in the fields. NGC #5965226-005.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1776 JJ. Restrepo-52.12; KM-48.1; Cal-1456. 3.32 grams. VF with some marks above bust, popular date with US collectors.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1792 JJ. Restrepo-84.2; KM-56.2; Cal-1198. 3.39 grams. XF, previously mounted in jewelry.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1811 JJ. Restrepo-122.7; KM-64.1; Cal-1547. 3.28 grams. XF with two small scratches above the crown, deep golden toning around the legends and details.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 JF. Restrepo-122.15; KM-64.1; Cal-1552. 3.39 grams. VF with a few faint hairlines on the obverse and rich gold toned fields.

Bogota, Colombia, 2 reales, 1848, NGC AU 55. Restrepo-190.3; KM-105. Beautiful rainbow toning over semi-lustrous surfaces, very nice eye appeal. NGC #5928785-004.

Bogota, Colombia, 2 reales, 1850, NGC AU 53. Retrepo-191.2; KM-109. Gorgeous sunset toning with dark blue hues around the edges, substantial luster throughout. NGC #5928785-005.

Lot of three Cuba (Trinidad / Santiago / Principe), 2 reales, star-in-lattice countermarks (1841) on various Spanish hosts: Madrid, 4 reales de vellon, Joseph Napoleon, 1810 AI; Catalunya (Reus or Tarragona), 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1810 SF; Catalunya (Mallorca), 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1812 SF. 16.57 grams total. All circulated with bold countermarks on Good to VG host coins, verdigris on the two 2 reales while the 4 reales is holed at the top, popular Caribbean coinage type.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 20 pesos, 1915, Jose Marti, NGC MS 61. KM-21. Bright cartwheel luster, some bagmarks, popular highest denomination from this series designed by US Mint Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber. NGC #5907694-001.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 10 pesos, 1915, Jose Marti, NGC AU 58. KM-20. Lustrous example with very light circulation surface friction for the grade. NGC #3704499-002.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), "star" peso, 1933, NGC MS 61. KM-15.2. Bright piece with nice original mint luster and faint gold toning in the fields, some surface chatter for the grade, popular design. NGC #6080704-005.

Cuba, proof "souvenir" peso ("Bay of Pigs" exile issue), 1965, lettered edge, NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo. KM-XM6. Gem proof with frosty design elements against deep mirror fields, spot of red-gold toning along the reverse rim, scarce issue struck as a fund-raiser for the Agency for Cuban Numismatics in Exile in the design of the famous 1897 "souvenir peso" issued by the Cuban Revolutionary Junta in New York but with incuse lettering on edge EN MEMORIA LA BAHIA DE LOS COCHINOS 1961 1965 (In Memory of the Bay of Pigs 1961-1965), apparently scarcer than the reeded-edge variety (a plain-edge version also known). NGC #5913131-006.

Denmark (Copenhagen mint), gold 12 mark (courant ducat), Frederik V, 1760 W-VH, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-587.3. 3.07 grams. Sharply struck, high AU piece with flashy, almost prooflike fields containing wispy hairlines, scarce type. NGC #6268663-012.

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, copper 4 maravedis, Charles-Joanna, assayer F to left, denomination IIII to right, mintmark S-P. S-SD1; Cal-35. 3.47 grams. Choice XF example and quite difficult to find this nice with bold designs in the center and much of the legend visible, very mild surface corrosion as is typical for the type and understandable given the metal composition and age.

Lot of two Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, copper 4 maravedis, Charles-Joanna, assayer oF to left, denomination oIIII to right, mintmark S-P. S-SD1; Cal-35. 6.01 grams total. Both choice, around XF or slightly better with sharp central design details, some edge cracks as made on one of them. One pedigreed to the Jess Peters auction of February 1971 (lot 1052).

Dominican Republic, 1/2 peso, 1961, NGC MS 66, ex-Rudman. KM-21. Brilliant Gem with flashy cartwheel luster across smooth fields. NGC #5715572-051. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel piefort 50 centavos, 1986, NGC MS 67 ("top pop"), ex-Rudman. KM-P22. Brilliant and watery surfaces (more apt to call this a Specimen strike rather than Mint State), tied with only one other for finest known in the NGC census. NGC #3070367-005. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel piefort 25 centavos, 1986, NGC MS 66, ex-Rudman. KM-P21. Glossy, mirror-like surfaces with radial rainbow toning, more appropriately called a Specimen rather than Mint State. NGC #4476924-054. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

El Salvador, 10 centavos, 1892 CAM, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-110. Lustrous example with some light scattered hairlines, faint champagne toning in the fields and darker hues on the high points, scarce one year type. NGC #5965265-002.

El Salvador, copper 1 centavo, 1892, NGC AU 58 BN. KM-108. Chocolate brown surfaces with light rub on the high points for the grade, rims nicely struck up on both sides (an uncommon quality for this type). NGC #5965265-001.

Germany (Weimar Republic), 3 reichsmark, 1928 D, Dinkelsbuhl, NGC UNC details / cleaned. KM-59. Struck to commemorate the 1,000th anniversary of the founding of the city of Dinkelsbuhl and the most difficult of the 3 mark commemorative series. NGC #5962267-008.

England (London mint), groat, Henry VIII (1509-47), first coinage (1509-26, portrait of Henry VII), mintmark crowned portcullis (ca. 1510-12). Sp-2316. 3.10 grams. Nicely struck VF with bold details, graphite toning throughout.

England (London mint), threepence, Elizabeth I, 1568, mintmark coronet. Sp-2567. 1.38 grams. VF+ with dark gray silver toning, no problems.

England (London mint), shilling, James I (fourth bust), 1605, mintmark coronet. Sp-2655; KM-14. 5.71 grams. Toned VF with natural edge crack.

England (London mint), sixpence, James I (fourth bust), 1605, mintmark trefoil. Sp-2658; KM-48. 2.78 grams. Around VF with a few old scratches on bust, richly toned.

England (London mint), sixpence, James I (fourth bust), 1608, mintmark coronet. Sp-2658; KM-48. 2.73 grams. XF+ with light surface porosity, full king's bust visible, dark gunmetal toned.

Great Britain, proof gold sovereign, 1979, in original Royal Mint box. KM-919. Box: 3-1/4" x 3-1/4". Gem proof, mintage of 50,000 coins.

Great Britain, proof gold 3-coin set dated 1983 in original Royal Mint box: 2 pounds, sovereign, and half sovereign. KM-923, 919, 922. Box: 6-1/4" x 3-1/4". All gem proofs.

Great Britain, proof gold 3-coin set dated 1986 in original Royal Mint box with COA and tag: 2 pounds, sovereign, and half sovereign. KM-947, 943, 942. Box: 6-1/4" x 3-1/4". All gem proofs.

Great Britain, proof gold 3-coin set dated 1986 in original Royal Mint box with COA and tag: 2 pounds, sovereign, and half sovereign. KM-947, 943, 942. Box: 6-1/4" x 3-1/4". All gem proofs.

Guatemala, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1771 P, NGC VF details / cleaned. Cal-802; KM-26. Decent strike for this slightly crude type with complete and bold design elements, hairlines in fields from cleaning with faint red-orange toning highlights. NGC #4632478-009.

Guatemala, 1 real proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789. Medina-171; Herrera-148; Grove-C82a; Fonrobert-7189. 2.89 grams. Obverse: bust of Charles IV facing right with legend CAROL.IV. / .D.G.HISP.ET IN / .REG. encircling; Reverse: rider with sword thrust overhead on galloping horse over two mountains, legend .S.P.Q.NG.PRO / CLAMAT.18NOV.1789. encircling; Edge: reeded. VF with typical hole at top.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1828 M, NGC XF 45. KM-4. Richly toned and well detailed, with some central weakness and wear and marks, rims weak (as made), but overall attractive for the grade. NGC #5928785-045.

Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Lima, Peru, 1 sol, 1871 YJ, NGC AU 58 C/S UNC standard. KM-224. Flashy white and lustrous but with hairlines and light marks on Liberty side (also some weakness in legend on that side), the counterstamp curiously applied upside-down relative to the host. NGC #5929023-002.

Guatemala, 4 reales, 1894-H, NGC MS 63. KM-168.2. Brilliant, lustrous surfaces paired with well struck details, only two finer in the NGC census. NGC #5928785-041.

Guatemala, 25 centavos, 1892, small letters, NGC AU 55, finest and only known example in NGC census. KM-209.2. Bright silver surfaces with no toning, much rarer variety than the large letters type from the same date with this being the sole example of the type seen by NGC and none on the PCGS census. NGC #5928785-035.

Guatemala (struck at the Heaton Mint, England), copper-nickel 1 real, 1910, NGC MS 65 ("top pop"). KM-177. Beautifully rainbow toned Gem example with strong design details, tied with three others for finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5928785-010.

Guatemala, 1/2 real, 1873 P, NGC AU 50, KM Plate (stated on label), finest and only known example in NGC census. KM-147. Scarcer second date of a two year series with a mintage of only 35,000 coins. Bold details with minimal circulation evidence, light yellow toning around the rims, the sole example listed on the NGC census (no examples on the PCGS census). NGC #5928785-022. Plate Coin in the Krause-Mishler Standard Catalog references.

Guatemala, 1/2 real, 1893, large wreath and small date, NGC MS 65 ("top pop"). KM-164. Exceptional quality for the type with substantial luster in the fields draped with light pink toning, very well struck details along with some die clash evidence, tied with one other for finest known in NGC census. NGC #5928785-009.

Guatemala, 1/2 real, 1894, NGC MS 66 ("top pop"). KM-165. Gem quality coin with bright cartwheel luster across silvery untoned surfaces, tied with two others for finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5928785-015.

Guatemala, 1/4 quetzal, 1949/8, NGC MS 64 ("top pop"). KM-243.2. Popular Quetzal bird design, truly choice example with faint rainbow toning over lustrous, almost prooflike fields, tied with only one other for finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5928785-021.

Guatemala (struck at the Royal Mint, London), 10 centavos de quetzal, 1936, NGC MS 66 ("top pop"). KM-239.2. Brilliant surfaces with faint gold toning, tied with two others for finest known in the NGC census (none on the PCGS census). NGC #5928785-013.

Guatemala (struck at the Philadelphia Mint), brass 2 centavos de quetzal, 1943, NGC MS 65+, finest known in NGC census. KM-237. Exceptionally well struck with sharp design elements and smooth fields covered in rich golden brass toning, scarcer first year of a two year type. NGC #5928785-017.

Haiti, 25 centimes, AN 14 (1817), Petion (small head), NGC MS 64, ex-Rudman. KM-15.2. Nearly prooflike luster and frosty details, also sharply struck on a broad flan, rather brilliant and attractive (head variety not noted on label). NGC #2795201-030. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Honduras (struck at the Philadelphia Mint), copper 1 centavo de lempira, 1935, NGC MS 66 RB ("top pop"). KM-77.1. Beautifully toned with purple highlights and pink fields with bright cartwheel luster showing through, tied with one other Red-Brown example and another one designated Brown on the NGC census. NGC #6272344-013.

Jaipur, Indian Princely States, Nazarana rupee, Man Singh II, dually dated RY18 and 1939, in the name of George VI, NGC MS 65, ex-Lissner collection. KM-196. Gem uncirculated with mottled brown and blue cartwheel toning in the bordering wreath. NGC #3831527-042. Pedigreed to the Lissner collection.

Lucca and Piombino (Italian States), Florence mint, 5 franchi, Elisa Bonaparte and Felice Baciocchi, 1808/7, NGC AU details / reverse spot removed. KM-24.1. Sharply struck, AU+ details with light wear and dark rainbow toned surfaces with some marks, particularly around a streak on the reverse. NGC #6268663-004.

Italy (Palmanova mint), copper 50 centesimi, Napoleone I, 1814, NGC AU details / obverse damage. KM-C2. Struck as siege coinage by the French occupiers of Palmanova while defending against the Austrian besiegers, thus a bit crude with some strike weakness in the legends yet other parts of the design struck up well, spot of edge damage at 7 o'clock on the obverse. NGC #5962267-010.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1745/4 MF. Cal-unl (Type 298); KM-148. 27.08 grams. AU with a plugged hole at the top, the scarce overdate noted by small tine above 5 in date.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1746/5 MF, NGC XF details / cleaned. Cal-2251; KM-148. Scarce type coin with surfaces at center a little shiny from light cleaning but not excessively so, reddish gold toning around the legends. NGC #6272089-003.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1772 FM, NGC AU details / reverse cleaned. Cal-1998; KM-156.1. Lustrous AU with hairlines along the right half of the reverse, desirable first year of issue for this three year type with both mintmark and assayer facing the rim (see following lot for an example of the final year for the type). NGC #5961237-001.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 FM, mintmark and assayer facing rim. Cal-2000; KM-156.1a. 26.92 grams. Third and final year for this type with mintmark and assayer facing the rim as seen exclusively in 1772 as well as part of 1773 and 1788 mintages. VF with surface hairlines across the bust, pale gold color with bright original mint luster around the legends.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1807 TH, mintmark oM over inverted mintmark. Cal-1654; KM-159. 26.97 grams. Cleaned XF with sharp rims, clear and very interesting correction of an erroneously inverted mintmark.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1779 FF. Cal-1397; KM-118.2. 3.34 grams. AXF with light hairlines and red-gold toning around the legends on the obverse.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1752 MF. Cal-477; KM-104.1. 26.77 grams. XF with whizzed fields, starting to tone inwards from the rims with vibrant rainbow toning, very popular type.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1753 MF. Cal-479; KM-104.1. 27.00 grams. Cleaned AXF, light tan toned highlights on the reverse fields, rims a bit crude as made, very popular design.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1742 M. Cal-826; KM-85. 6.63 grams. Richly toned XF+ with some marks and dents, adjustment lines across the waves on the obverse, Yonaka-M-2-42 and Gilboy-M-2-14.

Oaxaca, Mexico, provisional 1 peso, 1915, no TM, PCGS MS64. KM-740.1. Flashy and nicely detailed despite the crude striking with bold legends and design, spotty gold toning around the rims. PCGS #38316150.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1758/7 JM, NGC AU details / mount removed. Cal-773; KM-59.2. Cleaned surfaces with some tooling on the reverse fields, natural planchet flaw above king's bust, red-gold toning around the legends, scarce type. NGC #6272089-004.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 IJ. Cal-1953; KM-82.1a. 27.74 grams. Lustrous AU+, previously mounted in jewelry with some hairlines.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1801 IJ. Cal-1095; KM-89. 3.30 grams. VG, scarce type.

Lima, Peru, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1767 JM, dot over left mintmark only, NGC XF 40. Cal-1027; KM-A64.2. Minor circulation wear, steel gray toning over muted luster, popular design. NGC #4825029-005.

Lima, Peru, bust 2 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 IJ, "R2" error. Cal-570; KM-85.1. 6.22 grams. Toned AVF with scuff-marks on the bust, scarce two-year error.

Lima, Peru, copper 1 centavo, 1944, straight CENTAVO, NGC MS 63 BN, finest and only example in NGC census. KM-208a. Deep chocolate brown color with hint of luster, just a couple small bagmarks, scarce variety with CENTAVO horizontal and not curved. NGC #5929023-004.

Scotland (Edinburgh mint), billon bawbee (sixpence), Mary, first period (1542-58), NGC VF 35. Sp-5432. Full details, lustrous surfaces (more like XF by today's standards), the M-R and legends particularly bold. NGC #2033911-013.

Seville, Spain (special issue struck for the New World), copper 4 maravedis, Ferdinand-Isabel, rare. Cal-Type 29. 5.54 grams. Dark and corroded VF with most of legends (Gothic) clear but centers weaker, off-center strike.

Burgos, Spain (special issue struck for the New World), copper 2 maravedis, Ferdinand-Isabel, ermines flanking F-Y, rare. Cal-69. 2.62 grams. Well-detailed and darkly toned XF with light surface pitting and two light clips in edge, the Gothic legends nearly full and readable.

Seville, Spain, 2 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark S to left, denomination ii to right, assayer * on reverse. Cal-516. 6.68 grams. Toned Fine with light surface porosity, most of crown bold, interior details readable.

Seville, Spain, 1 real, Ferdinand-Isabel, three-dot columns flanking shield, mintmark S on reverse. Cal-411. 3.31 grams. Choice AU with doubled yet full design and plentiful Latin legend detail, lustrous surfaces, difficult to find this nice.

Lot of three Seville, Spain, 1R, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer *, various varieties. 8.94 grams total. All steely gray in color with light surface corrosion from land burial, generally XF or better with some areas of bold details on each (particularly on the shields).

Toledo, Spain, 1/2 real, Ferdinand-Isabel, no assayer. Cal-281. 1.63 grams. VF, struck on a broad planchet with weak centers though plenty of legend detail visible (weak but certain mintmark T below yoke), vibrant rainbow toning in the fields.

Lot of three Seville, Spain, 1/2R, Ferdinand-Isabel, various assayers and varieties. 4.29 grams total. One piece is a choice AU with bold details and some luster if a bit wavy while the other two are closer to XF and lightly corroded from past burial though still possessing decent details.

Madrid, Spain, gold milled 1 escudo, Philip V, 1723 A, NGC UNC details / scratched. Cal-1709; KM-312; Fr-261. Bold design details, obverse struck a little off-center with rims a bit crude as made, tooling in the fields between the cross and tressures. NGC #5947444-004.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 1/2 escudo, Charles III, 1776/5 CF. Cal-1263; KM-415.2. XF+ with slight bend in the planchet and minor surface marks, as made planchet adjustment lines across bust.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, 1815 GJ, PCGS AU55, finest known in the PCGS census. Cal-1710; KM-484; Fr-312. Lightly circulated with some surface hairlines near the truncation of the bust. PCGS #38637140.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 80 reales de vellon, Ferdinand VII, 1822 SR Cal-1641; KM-564.2. 6.62 grams VF with some wispy hairlines, first year of issue for this two year type.

Madrid, Spain, gold 25 pesetas, Alfonso XII, 1877 DE-M, with 18-77 inside six-point stars, NGC AU 53. Cal-58; KM-673. Lustrous example with light surface friction from brief circulation. NGC #3727099-004.

Madrid, Spain, milled 8 reales, Philip V, 1730 JF, NGC XF details / cleaned. Cal-1351; KM-336.2. Boldly detailed coin with cleaned surfaces and some marks, scratch on the crown. NGC #6096970-007.

Barcelona, Spain, copper 10 centimos, Alfonso XII, 1877 OM, NGC MS 64 BN. Cal-8; KM-675. Gorgeous peacock toning over lustrous brown surfaces, virtually no marks or wear, tied with three others for finest in NGC census. NGC #2852137-007.

Switzerland, Canton of Neuchatel, copper pattern 2 francs, Alexandre Berthier, 1814/3, rare, NGC proof details / altered color. KM-Pn14; VG-2351. With edge lettering reading POIDS DIX / GRAMMES / TITRE / NEUF DIX / IEMES. Sharply detailed pattern with a clear overdate plus a thin die crack completely going through the obverse, artificially toned surfaces, rare in any form. NGC #5962267-007.

Tunisia (French Protectorate), essai silver 20 francs, Ahmad Pasha Bey, AH1358 // 1939, Paris Mint, NGC MS 66, finest known in NGC census. KM-E23; Lec-370. Exceptionally well struck with sharp details and lustrous, mirror fields, more appropriately designated as a Specimen strike rather than Mint State. NGC #4668540-012.

Tunisia (French Protectorate), specimen essai 10 francs, Ahmad Pasha Bey, AH1358 // 1939, Paris Mint, PCGS SP65. KM-265; Lec-333. Sharply struck design details rising above prooflike fields, an absolute Gem piece. PCGS #33520927.

Tunisia (French Protectorate), aluminum-bronze piefort 5 francs essai, Muhammad al-Amin Bey, AH1365 // 1946, Paris Mint, NGC MS 63. KM-PE5; Lec-310. Scarce piefort essai with a mintage of 104 pieces, rich golden toned surfaces and watery mirror-like fields (should be graded as a Specimen rather than Mint State). NGC #3808698-006.

Turkey, 60 para, Mahmud II, AH1223 // 18 (1825), NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census. KM-580. Choice piece with sharp, very well struck details and bright lustrous centers encircled by colorful rainbow toning around the edges, surpasses the only other example (MS 63) on the NGC census and the sole example (AU58) on the PCGS census. NGC #3735792-002.

Venezuela (struck at the Brussels mint), 5 bolivares, 1879, NGC AU details / obverse scratched. KM-Y24.1. Gray-toned, bagmarked surfaces with old scratch over the bust and another in the field behind, desirable first year of issue. NGC #5965265-004.

Venezuela (struck at the Paris mint), 10 centavos, 1876-A, serifed A, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-Y13.1. Second and far scarcer date for this two-year type, hairlined surfaces with faint orange toning. NGC #5965265-003.

Great Britain, gilt copper medal, 1814, William Pitt (the Younger) memorial, by T. Wyon Jr. BHM-786. 54.26 grams; 54mm. William Pitt (the Younger) (May 28, 1759 - Jan. 23, 1806) became the youngest Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1783 at the age of 23, holding the title from then until 1801 after which he reassumed office in 1804 until his death in 1806. He was renowned for his effective administration and handling of both domestic and foreign politics; he is considered to be among the best of British Prime Ministers. Obverse: high relief bust of Pitt at the center with RT. HONBLE WILLIAM PITT above and 1814 below truncation; Reverse: text memorializing Pitt and his life in politics; Edge: smooth. UNC with hairlines in the fields.

Netherlands, large cast bronze heart-shaped medal, ca. early 1900s, serviceman and lady. 79.2x107.8mm. This risque medal appears innocuous on the front, with a uniformed soldier walking alongside a Dutch woman, but turn it over and it's revealed that the soldier has lifted her dress up! Crudely cast using solid bronze, believed to be made around World War I or just after.

USA (San Francisco Mint), Morgan silver dollar, 1878-S, NGC MS 63. Bright untoned silver surfaces with ample cartwheel luster, popular first year of issue for the Morgan dollar series. NGC #6263231-001.

USA (New Orleans Mint), Morgan silver dollar, 1885-O, PCGS MS64. Very lustrous fields with frostiness across Liberty and the eagle. PCGS #11955656.

USA (New Orleans Mint), Morgan silver dollar, 1898-O, NGC MS 65. Smooth satiny surfaces with a few minor bagmarks, some golden and purple hues around the rims, a little tougher to find this date in MS 65 and above given how bagmarked most examples are. NGC #6263233-001.

USA (Philadelphia Mint), Morgan silver dollar, 1900, PCGS MS64. Brilliant Mint State piece with flashy luster and very faint russet toning along the rims. PCGS #11696797.

Lot of four Confederate notes of Sept. 2, 1861: $100, serial 19041, plate 7; $20, serial 3516, plate 13; $20, serial 64638; $5, serial 29077. T-13, T-18 (two), T-37. The $100 is the best of the group and grades VF while the other three notes are closer to VG or Fine; one of the $20s has backed cut cancellations, the other with small internal splits, and the $5 with some edge damage.

Lot of five Confederate notes of 1862: $100, June 18, 1862, serial 9050; $100, Nov. 24, 1862, serial 68879; $10, Sept. 2, 1862, serial 35484; $2, June 2, 1862, serial 26578; $1, June 2, 1862, serial 23696. T-39, T-41, T-46, T-42, T-44. The two $100 notes are solid VF examples, one of which bears desirable 1864- and 1865-dated interest stamps from Tallahassee; the other three notes are around VG to low Fine. A few with light staining, pinholes, or pencil annotations but no major problems.

Lot of four Confederate notes of Dec. 2, 1862: $50, serial 73419, inverted CSA watermark; $20, serial 69115; $10, serial 3975; $5, serial 113618. T-50, T-51, T-52, T-53. The $50 is a nice VF with single pen annotation on the reverse while the other three notes are generally about Fine or VG, some stains and a hole noted on the $10. The $50 is pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 22, with original lot-tag 1351.

Lot of six Confederate notes of April 6, 1863: $10, serial 72567, November 1863 overprint; $10, serial 5751, February 1864 overprint; $5, serial 17073, October 1863 overprint; $2, serial 29879; $1, serial 17529; 50 cents, serial 86825. T-59 (two), T-60, T-61, T-62, T-63. Most notes are VG to Fine with cut cancellations on the $10s and a tape repair on the $2, the 50 cents note is UNC with bold embossing.

Lot of three Confederate notes of Feb. 17, 1864: $20, serial 35254; $5, serial 33266; $5, serial 37965. T-67, T-69 (two). Around Fine+ to low VF, residue and small hole noted on the $20.

Lot of five Bogota, Colombia notes: Banco Nacional de Colombia, 10 centavos, 5-8-1885, serial 933411; Banco Nacional de la Republica de Colombia, 1 peso, 4-5-1895, series L, serial 771086; 20 centavos, 30-9-1900, series II, serial 126724; 20 centavos, 30-9-1900, series II, serial 95644; 10 centavos, 2-1-1893, serial 475823. Colorful grouping of late 1800s and Thousand Days' War small denomination notes, all around VF or so, a few with minor problems like staining or tears in the margins but nothing major.

Lot of two Colombia Thousand Days' War notes: Banco de Barranquilla, 20 centavos, 3-9-1900; Banco de Cartagena, 10 pesos, 10-3-1900. SCWPM-S348a. Pair of Thousand Days' War banco notes: a Scarce 10 pesos from the Banco de Cartagena grading Fine with some paper damage and stains, accompanied by a small denomination note from the Banco de Barranquilla graded Fine with some thinning spots.

Havana, Cuba, Banco Espanol de la Habana, 10 centavos specimen, 15-5-1876, ex-Rudman. SCWPM-30s. One POC. Very scarce specimen example of this small denomination Cuban note. AU+ with minor handling in the far right blank space, excellent original paper quality with strong embossing on the design. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Lot of two Dominican Republic Deuda Consolidada notes, ex-Rudman: 10 pesos, 3-11-1875, serial 32780, PMG AU 55; 5 pesos, 2-6-1875, serial 6050, PMG Choice UNC 63, ex-Rudman. Rudman-142, 141; SCWPM-S162, S161. Nice pairing of two large size notes, both with strongly embossed Junta Liquidadora de Credito Publico stamps. PMG notes a missing corner tip on the 5 pesos. PMG #8030844-007, 8030844-004. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Uncut trio of Ecuador, Banco Central, 100 sucres proofs, ND (1988-97), ex-Rudman. SCWPM-123Ap. Each note with 1 POC. Scarcely encountered uncut sheet of three proof notes, each bearing the vignette of Simon Bolivar on the front. UNC with strong embossing readily apparent. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Uncut pair of Venezuela, Banco Central, 2 bolivares, 5-10-1989, serials CH8765000 and CH8715000, with red SPECIMEN overprints, ex-Rudman. SCWPM-69s. UNC with light handling along the bottom margin, interesting doubled SPECIMEN overprint on the bottom note. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Caria, Rhodes, AR didrachm, 394-304 BC, Helios / rose, ANACS EF 40. Radiate head of Helios facing slight right / Rose with bud. Well-centered with bright and lovely three-quarter portrait. ANACS #4989788.

Kingdom of Macedon, AR tetradrachm, Antigonos I Monophthalmos, as Strategos of Asia, in the name of Alexander III (the Great), 316-311 BC, early posthumous issue, NGC AU, strike 5/5, surface 2/5. Price 3855. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress / Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, sceptre in left; wreath beneath eagle. Bright-colored chunky piece with much detail. NGC #5872238-092.

Thessaly, Thessalian League, AR double-victoriatus, 2nd-1st centuries BC, NGC XF, strike 4/5, surface 2/5. Cf. McClean 4746. Head of Zeus right wearing an oak crown / Athena Itonia walking right, brandishing spear and holding shield, monograms of above and below. The double victoriati belong to the federal currency introduced after the battle of Kynoskephalai in 196, when the Thessalians were proclaimed free by Flamininus. Dark toning in crevices and soft features. NGC #4682247-007.

Kingdom of Thrace, AR tetradrachm, ca. 200-150 BC, name and types of Lysimachus of Thrace, NGC VF. Diademed head of deified Alexander III with horn of Ammon / Athena seated left, Nike in right hand crowning royal name, left arm leaning on large grounded shield. Rather flat piece with soft features. NGC #4882372-008.

Indo-Scythians, AR tetradrachm, Azes II (ca. 35 BC to 5 AD). 9.59 grams. Emperor on horseback right, holding whip and raising right hand / Athena standing right, right hand extended. Choice piece with bold XF details, the obverse slightly off-center.

Byzantine Empire, AV histamenon nomisma, Michael VII, 1071-1078 AD, Constantinople mint. 4.29 grams. Bust of Christ Pantokrator facing, wearing tunic and pallium / Bust of Michael VII acing, wearing loros and crown, holding labarum in his right hand and globus cruciger in his left. Bright and shiny XF.

Anglo-Gallic, AR denier, Richard I ("lionheart"), Duke of Aquitaine (Count of Poitou, 1172-85), Poitou mint, with name around cross. Sp-8008. 1.08 grams. Lustrous XF, broad flan, choice example of a popular type.

England, AR penny, Henry II (1154-89), "short cross" issue (1180-89), PCGS VF30. Sp-1345. Broad, thin flan with full details and light toning. PCGS #34272374.

England, AR penny, Richard I ("lionheart," 1189-99), "short cross" issue in name of Henry II, Class 4a. Sp-1348A. 0.98 grams. Toned VF with bold full legends, good cross but king's face weak and concave.

England, AR penny, John (1199-1216), "short cross" issue in name of Henry II, Class 5b, moneyer Willelm. Sp-1351. 1.37 grams. Sharp and lustrous AU with nearly full details, oddly double-struck, spots of oxidation on obverse.

Attica, Athens, AR tetradrachm "owl," 5th-4th century BC, mounted owl-side out in thick silver bezel with silver prongs and shackle bail. 26.85 grams total. Helmeted head of Athena right, with frontal eye / Owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig and crescent to left; all within incuse square. Thick custom silver mount, the AVF coin with a banker's mark on cheek of Athena. With photo-certificate.

Calabria, Tarentum, AR didrachm, "boy on dolphin," 4th-3rd century BC, mounted dolphin-side out in thick silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 13.84 grams total. Helmeted, nude warrior on horse prancing right / Taras astride dolphin left. Attractive gold and silver setting for AVF coin with well centered boy on dolphin. With photo-certificate.

Kingdom of Macedon, AR drachm, Alexander III (the Great), 336-323 BC, Abydos, struck under Antigonos I Monophthalmos, 306/5-301 BC, aligned axis, mounted head-side out in 14K gold bezel with shackle bail. 8.10 grams total. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress / Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, sceptre in left. Small, attractive three-prong setting for well-centered VF+ coin. With photo-certificate.

Kingdom of Macedon, AR drachm, Alexander III (the Great), 336-323 BC, mounted in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 5.60 grams total. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress / Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, sceptre in left. Delicate setting for VF coni with smallish flan.

Seleukid Kingdom, AR tetradrachm, Antiochos VII Euergetes, ca. 138-129 BC, aligned axis, mounted in heavy silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 22.47 grams total. Diademed head of Antiochus VII right / Athena standing left, holding Nike and scepter. XF coin with small die crack at 11 o'clock, effectively reversible due to aligned axis. With photo-certificate.

Ancient Egypt, AR tetradrachm, Ptolemy IV, ca. 116-106 and 88-80 BC, aligned axis, mounted in heavy silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 22.83 grams total. Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, wearing aegis / PTOLEMAIOS BASILEUS around eagle standing left on thunderbolt. Well-toned VF coin, effectively reversible due to aligned axis. With photo-certificate.

Parthian Kingdom, AR drachm, 2nd-3rd century AD, aligned axis, mounted bust-side out in 14K gold twisted wire bezel with shackle bail. 6.73 grams total. Diademed and draped bust left / Archer seated right on throne, holding bow. Lovely portrait, the coin lustrous AU, enhanced by twisted wire setting. With photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, no Grade on certificate, ex-Atocha (1622), mounted cross-side out in silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and conquistador embellishment and shackle bail. 39.14 grams total. Broad flan with good full cross and shield, minimal corrosion near parts of edge only (at least Grade-2 quality). From the Atocha (1622), with Fisher tag and photo-certificate #198860.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, no Grade on certificate, ex-Atocha (1622), mounted cross-side out in silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 36.72 grams total. Broad, round flan with choice full cross, full but lightly corroded shield (at least Grade-2 quality), nicely toned all over, thick and heavy bezel. From the Atocha (1622), with Fisher photo-certificate #229336 (tag missing).

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1653 E, ex-Consolacion (1681), mounted pillars-side out in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 6.71 grams total. Full pillars, off-center cross, all a bit weak from corrosion and thinning, the gold-wire bezel thin as well, toned all over. From the Consolacion (1681).

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 8 reales, 1714 J, ex-1715 Fleet, mounted in heavy silver bezel with 14K gold prongs, shackle bail, and pirate-face embellishments. 42.37 grams total. Very thick and heavy bezel containing an almost figure-8 shaped coin with bold cross (nearly full) and most of a small shield with full oMJ to left and bottom of 4 of date in legend, lightly toned, minimal corrosion. From the 1715 Fleet, with photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1703Y, ex-Princess Louisa (1743), mounted pillars-side out in 14K gold bezel with shackle bail. 9.29 grams total. Nearly full pillars but the cross rather weak, with bold date and two bold assayers, lightly corroded. From the Princess Louisa (1743), with certificate.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1736 MF, ex-Hollandia (1743), mounted shield-side out in sterling silver bezel with ornate bail and edge engraved with TREASURE FROM "HOLLANDIA" SUNK 1743. 31.15 grams total. XF details with nice toning, only light corrosion, the bezel itself a classic from the time of salvage (1970s). From the Hollandia (1743).

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1736 MF, ex-Hollandia (1743), mounted pillars-side out in silver bezel with filigree heart-shapes around perimeter, accompanied by silver chain. 41.59 grams. Frosty AU- details with light surface corrosion, no toning, the heart-themed bezel unlike anything we have seen before (possibly from the 1970s). From the Hollandia (1743), with Sedwick photo-certificate.

Mexico City, Mexico, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer O to right, mintmark oM to left, mounted cross-side out in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 4.93 grams total. Typically broad and thin flan with choice full cross-lions-castles, full but slightly off-center shield with clear oM to left and O to right, nicely toned, thin gold bezel.

Lima, Peru, cob 1 real, 1695 R, mounted cross-side out in a large, silver, angelfish pendant. 8.36 grams total. Most of cross with bold date below, nicely toned, but big attraction is the bezel, a lifelike representation that makes for an impressive piece of jewelry (almost 2-1/2" tall).

Lima, Peru, cob 1/2 real, 1696, mounted cross-side up in silver ring, size 10. 10.83 grams total. Bold but off-center cross with nice toning (slightly porous), the bold monogram visible inside the ring above a partial date.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T (ca. 1620), quadrants of cross transposed, ex-Panama hoard (ca. 1629), mounted cross-side out in heavy silver twisted wire bezel with 14K gold looped prongs and shackle bail. 38.96 grams total. Full and well-centered but lightly struck cross and shield, with traces of characteristic clay in crevices. From the ca.-1629 "Panama Hoard," with photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed, ex-Panama hoard (ca. 1629), mounted cross-side out in heavy silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 37.83 grams total. Oval shape with bold full cross-lions-castles and good full shield, traces of clay in crevices, very thick bezel. From the ca.-1629 "Panama Hoard," with photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (mid-1620s), quadrants of cross transposed, ex-Panama hoard (ca. 1629), mounted cross-side out in heavy silver bezel with 14K gold prongs, shackle bail, and pirate-face embellishment. 45.44 grams total. Very broad flan with full but weakly struck shield and cross, bold denomination O-VIII, clear assayer, traces of clay in crevices, very thick and heavy mount. From the ca.-1629 "Panama Hoard," with photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), mounted cross-side out in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 8.25 grams total. Neat non-round shape with full cross and nearly full shield, all well defined by darkly contrasting toning, thin and square-sided gold mounting.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 4 reales, 1670 E, mounted cross-side out in silver bezel with 14K gold prongs and shackle bail. 19.84 grams total. Good full cross, full pillars (diagonal relative to the mount), nicely toned, with clear date and three assayers, light surface porosity. With photo-certificate.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, 1764 V-(Y), mounted cross-side out in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 9.67 grams total. Neat shape, with bold full date below full cross, full second date between pillars, nicely toned, thin gold mount with squared sides.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1/2 real, 1715, mounted cross-side out in silver ring, size 10. 10.43 grams total. Good full cross, the full monogram and date visible inside the ring, all bright silver with some dark toning in crevices.

Potosi, Bolivia, cob 1/2 real, Philip V or Ferdinand VI, assayer not visible, mounted cross-side out in 14K gold bezel on silver money clip. 22.03 grams total. Bullet-shaped flan with good full cross (nicely toned), reverse not visible, the containing gold bezel fastened through the clip via three flattened posts on bottom.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 1/2 real, Charles III, 1763 M, mounted pillars-side up in 14K gold ring, size 10. 12.38 grams total. Low-contrast AU- (no toning) with shield side visible inside ring that contains over 10 grams of 14K gold.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1787 DV, mounted in thin twisted-wire 18K gold bezel. 5.13 grams total. VF coin with toning around details, the twisted-wire effect in the gold bezel more eye-catching than the coin itself. With photo-certificate.

Segovia, Spain, milled 2 reales "pistareen," Philip V, 1723 F, mounted in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 7.40 grams total. Lightly toned AXF (cross side weaker) in thin-wire gold, nice type for jewelry as medal-aligned and therefore wearable on either side.

Seville, Spain, milled 1 real, Philip V, 1726 J, mounted cross-side up in silver ring, size 11.5. 13.84 grams total. Slightly grainy AXF with nice toning, the shield side visible inside the ring, which is frosted inside and lustrous outside.

Madrid, Spain, milled 1 real, Ferdinand VI, 1757 JB, mounted in 14K gold bezel with fixed bail. 4.12 grams total. Broad-flan AXF with very light toning, thin-wire gold, desirable type for jewelry as medal-aligned and therefore wearable on either side.

Lot of three small, brass religious items (two crucifixes and one figurine), ex-“Cidade Velha wreck” (1500s-1600s). 12.93 grams total, 1-2" tall. Two crosses with integrated Christ figure for wearing on a necklace, one almost completely intact, the other missing a crossbar but made from the same mold, the last piece a religious figure with a missing loop on the back, all showing saltwater oxidation but readily recognizable. From the “Cidade Velha wreck” (1500s-1600s), housed in small box, with Arqueonautas certificates AGO-050/98/890 and AGO-050/98/944.04.

Iron mule-shoe (lacquered) and two small nails, ex-Consolacion (1681). 67 grams, shoes 4-3/4" x 4", nails 1-1/2" long. Intact U-shaped shoe with lacquer all over for preservation, nail sockets not visible, nails conserved by matte black paint. From the Consolacion (1681), with original (generic) ROBCAR photo-certificate 100033.

Lot of five lead musketballs of various sizes, ex-1733 Fleet, ex-Art McKee. 150 grams total, 1/2" to 3/" diameter. Variously sized musketballs, each with different colors and fine sedimentation. From the Capitana El Rubi of the 1733 Fleet and pedigreed to the Art McKee Sunken Treasure Museum (Sedwick Auction 5, with original lot-tag 1437 and photo-certificate).

Iron cannister-shot in encrustation with stone base and plaque, ex-HMS Colossus (1798). 533 grams total, the shot about 1-1/2" in diameter. An interesting shipwreck artifact, conserved small cannonball in matrix with bits of shell visible and affixed to rocky substrate, with a letter from the salvor stating that he found the artifact "between the two main sections in a place called the galley area," with a brass plaque making this a wonderful display item. From HMS Colossus (1798), with original (hand written) letter from the salvor who recovered it (Todd Stevens).

Large lot of iron (one) and cuprous (six) ship's fittings, ex-Spring of Whitby (1824), with original Fisher photo-certificates. 3660 grams total, the longest piece 18". Various unidentified fasteners (including a large strap) plus two pulley-hubs and one hull-pin, mostly heavily patinated, the iron piece encrusted. From the Spring of Whitby (1824), with Fisher photo-certificates 42610 (with plastic tag), 44910, 44911 and 44921.

Small lead sounding-weight, Spanish colonial, 1500s-1600s. 214 grams, 2-1/2" x 1". A typically tall, somewhat pyramidal weight with hole at top, tan encrustation all over, used for sounding depths in rivers and other waterways. Found in the southern Caribbean, ca. 1590.

Clay pipe from Salzburg, Germany, ca. 1730-50, found in Ebenezer, Georgia. 10 grams, 1-1/2" x 1-1/4". Intact bowl and small part of tube, the former with Salzburg coat-of-arms on two sides, with the seam in between turned into a laurel branch, mostly whitish, a direct tie to the area's Protestant colonists, who escaped religious prosecution in Austria and Germany in the 1730s.