Albania (struck at the Budapest mint), gold proof essai 50 leke, 1986, Durazzo Seaport, rare, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo, finest and only example in NGC census. KM-unl (cf. 58 for non-essai in silver). 31.23 grams. Brilliant and practically flawless (no haze), with scene of sailing ship outside of fort depicting the Albanian port city of Durazzo (Durres) on the Adriatic Sea, a silver-coin design struck in gold (1 oz) in a mintage of just five pieces. NGC #5965226-001. With original box of issue and certificate from the State Bank of Albania.

Anguilla, 1 "Liberty" dollar, July 11, 1967, countermark on a Mexico City, Mexico, 5 pesos, 1948, Cuauhtemoc, NGC MS 63 ("top pop"). KM-X2. 30.00 grams. Broad flan with nearly all the host-coin details still discernible, muted luster and faint toning, the Anguilla lettering dark and bold as usual, highest grade for this host date and second highest grade for the whole series. The story behind this incuse countermarking is that the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle at the time, a coin collector named Scott Newhall, wanted to raise funds to support Anguilla (which at the time was under the control of neighboring St. Kitts) in a bid to return to the British Commonwealth by selling some 11,600 coins so countermarked, but in the end no more than 3000 coins were released and the maker was stuck with the rest. NGC #5965629-012.

La Rioja, Argentina, gold 2 escudos, 1842 R, Rosas, NGC AU 58. Janson-53; KM-13; Fr-11. Nice luster and spots of light red toning, bold strike with some high-point wear for the grade, no major marks, popular one-year type honoring the military dictator General Juan Manuel de Rosas. NGC #4824700-001.

La Rioja, Argentina, 8 reales, 1840 R, "rebel peso," very rare, NGC XF 40 ("top pop"). Janson-58; KM-10. Very deeply toned and faintly lustrous, struck slightly off-center, with no issues for the grade, one of just two in the NGC census (same grade), a particularly rare and desirable one-year type with REPUBLICA instead of CONFEDERADA in legend, as struck by rebel leaders under General Brizuela, governor of the province of La Rioja, breaking from federalist rule and his long-time ally General Juan Manuel de Rosas (governor of Buenos Aires). This famous issue, the key to the Argentina crown series by type, is known in Argentina as the "unitarian" issue versus the normal "federal" issue of 1838-40. NGC #3500283-008.

Salzburg, Austria (Holy Roman Empire), taler, Prince-Archbishop Paris von Lodron, 1631, made into a box taler with ten mica slides. KM-87; Dav-3504. 11.71 grams. Toned XF coin that was hollowed out and made into a box for holding clear mica discs painted with various full-length portraits (mostly women), in addition to two paper discs similarly painted and glued to the insides of the box, the mica discs in fair condition (well used)

Austria, medallic 2 gulden, dated 1885, Emperor Maximilian, Second Austrian Shooting Festival at Innsbruck, by Scharff and Busson, NGC MS 62. Horsky-6309. Richly toned over muted luster, just a few small marks and tiny spot of dark oxidation on reverse. NGC #3020438-012.

Potosi, Bolivia, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1795 PP, NGC XF 45, finest and only example in NGC census. Janson-74.7; KM-79; Cal-1365. Lustrous and well struck but with lamination flaw on obverse and lightly worn bust, much scarcer than counterparts from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. NGC #5955320-003.

Potosi, Bolivia, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1795 PP, NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census. Janson-75.7; KM-78; Cal-1181. Broad flan with full rims, nice luster, bold strike but with lamination flaws on obverse, light high-point wear, much scarcer than counterparts from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. NGC #5955313-014.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774 JR, NGC AU 55. Janson-63.2; KM-55; Cal-1170. Typically broad flan with frosty details and brilliant luster, minor marks and high-point wear in addition to traces of spotty dark oxidation near reverse rim. NGC #2814872-011. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776 JR, NGC VF details / cleaned. Janson-63.4; KM-55; Cal-1172. 26.75 grams. Broad flan with bold rims, light gray toning all over, traces of luster, popular date with US collectors. NGC #5969161-005.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1809 PJ, NGC AU 58. Janson-86.2; KM-84; Cal-1374. Off-center strike with nice luster and light steely toning, typical weak spot at bottom of crown, back-dated issue struck in 1813. NGC #5965006-013.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, error with king's ordinal as IIV, 1813PJ, NGC XF details / plugged. Janson-86.3.2; KM-84; Cal-1376. Brightly cleaned, with pimply surface on reverse and some heavy scratches on obverse, in addition to the plugged hole at top, but popular for the egregious error in the king's ordinal. NGC #5965006-001.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813 PJ, NGC AU 58. Janson-86.3.1; KM-84; Cal-1375. Off-center strike on a broad flan with much luster (especially on reverse), somewhat concave with weak center on reverse. NGC #5965006-014.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817 PJ, NGC AU 55. Janson-86.7; KM-84; Cal-1381. Nicely toned over luster, center of reverse slightly weak, rather attractive for the grade. NGC #5965006-015.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1804 PJ, NGC MS 66, finest known in NGC census. Janson-78.16; KM-71; Cal-672. Choice bold strike, with lovely rainbow toning over luster, totally devoid of any marks or demonstrable wear, rather rare thus. NGC #4863999-013.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1805/4 PJ, rare, NGC MS 64, finest and only example in NGC census. Janson-78.17.1; KM-71; Cal-673. Bold overdate, choice rainbow toning over lustrous fields and wear-free surfaces, the centers slightly weakly struck, still exceptional overall. NGC #4863999-014.

Potosi, Bolivia, bust 1 real, Ferdinand VII, 1816 PJ, PCGS MS64, finest and only example in PCGS census. Janson-89.1; KM-87; KM-87; Cal-633. Highly lustrous and lightly toned, with particularly prominent die-polish lines in fields, distinctively large and improperly centered bust, some high points slightly weakly struck, very rare grade for this type (none at NGC). PCGS #31310727.

Potosi, Bolivia, 1/4 real, Charles IV, 1800, NGC MS 62. Janson-81.7.2; KM-82; Cal-149. Bold strike with nice toning over muted luster, parts of edge crude (as made), no wear or marks, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63. NGC #5951714-007.

Potosi, Bolivia, gold 1 scudo, 1835 LM, NGC Mint Error MS 62, obverse lamination, finest known in NGC census. KM-98. Superbly sharp details and luster, also well centered, but with entire obverse fraught with cracking from de-lamination, officially graded as an error but also higher in grade than any non-error entries in the NGC census. NGC #5961211-002.

Potosi, Bolivia, 10 soles-sized monetary medal, 1825, Bolivar, NGC MS 61. Burnett-3A2; Fonrobert-9465. 42mm. Obverse with military portrait of Bolivar facing right inside legend SIMON BOLIVAR LIBERTADOR DE COLOMBIA Y DEL PERU .; reverse with Cerro de Potosi with city at base and radiant sunface above within legend POTOSI MANIFIESTA SU GRATITUD AL GENIO DE LA LIBERTAD . 1825 .; reverse variety with vertical sun ray under I of GRATITUD. Impressive in size and importance, as from the first series of Bolivian monetary medals struck after independence, this example with splotchy colorful toning over luster, some very faint hairline scratches. (Note: NGC labeled this erroneously as Fonrobert-9466, the difference being the position of the vertical sun ray in relation to the legend.) NGC #4884748-012.

Potosi, Bolivia, 10 soles-sized monetary medal, 1825, Chuquisaca, NGC MS 61. Burnett-6A; Fonrobert-9741. Obverse with bust of Bolívar inside legend PADRE DE LA PATRIA SIMON BOLIVAR; reverse with soldier and woman flanking globe inside legend . LA GRATITUD DE CHUQUISACA A SU LIBERTADOR . with 1825 date at bottom. Deep rainbow toning over muted luster, with minimal marks and slight wear on highest points, scarce and desirable issue as from the first series of Bolivian monetary medals struck after independence. (Note: NGC labeled this erroneously as Fonrobert-9740, which refers instead to a higher-weight version.) NGC #4927252-007. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1834 LM, NGC MS 63 ("top pop"). KM-97. Exceptionally lustrous and frosty, fully detailed strike, some stray marks but nothing distracting, tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #6272344-001.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1836 LM, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. KM-97. Highly lustrous and with frosty details, slightly off-center with weakly struck high points, the finest of eighteen in the current census. NGC #6272344-002.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1838 LM, NGC MS 61. KM-97. Exceptionally lustrous and with frosty and well-struck details with light rub on high points, minor rim-flaw on bust side. NGC #6272344-003.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1851 FM, NGC MS 62. KM-109. Very bold strike with deep, rich toning over luster, rare type in Mint State, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63. NGC #6268663-002.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1859 FJ, PESO 400 Gs in legend, NGC MS 61. KM-138.3. Brightly lustrous, with strong rims and legends but weak in centers (especially the palm tree), light hairlines on bust side and adjustment marks on other, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 65. NGC #5965006-012.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1859 FJ, PESO 400 Gs in legend, NGC AU 58. KM-138.3. Strong luster and bold legends and rims, weak centers (especially the bust), light hairlines. NGC #5965006-010.

Potosi, Bolivia, 8 soles, 1860 FJ, date under palm tree, NGC MS 61. KM-138.6. Good luster and even strike, slightly off-center strike with full rims, faint surface hairlines. NGC #5965006-011.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1830 JL, NGC MS 63. KM-96a.1. Brightly lustrous with frosty details, slightly weak centers, with minor flaws near rims and on island, tied with eight others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64. NGC #5965006-006.

La Paz, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1855 F, La Paz-style head, NGC MS 62. KM-130. Choice luster, nice bust, the palm side with trivial as-made irregularities (especially at rim) and weak center. NGC #5965006-009.

La Paz, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1856 P, NGC MS 61. KM-130. Lustrous, with well-struck bust but palm and parts of legends weak, faint adjustment-marks and die-rust, second highest grade in NGC census behind a pair of MS 63's. NGC #5965006-007.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1858 FJ, NGC UNC details / reverse cleaned. KM-123.2. Choice luster with incipient toning at rims, well-detailed strike, small scratch below left llama, light surface hairlines. NGC #5965006-002.

Potosi, Bolivia, 4 soles, 1859 FJ, inverted V for A in BOLIVAR, NGC MS 61. KM-123.3. Good luster and decent strike with faint high-point wear, variety erroneously omitted on label. NGC #5965006-008.

Potosi, Bolivia, medallic 2 soles, 1852/1, Belzu / criminal, coin axis, reeded edge, NGC MS 64. Burnett-43 var (reeded edge); Fonrobert-9567 var (overdate). Obverse with seated Liberty, youth and baby looking toward radiant sun at right within legend LOS EMPLEADOS DE POTOSI at top and AL PRESIDENTE . M. Y. BELZU at bottom; reverse with fleeing criminal being chased off a cliff to right by a sword coming from clouds to left within legend LA PROVIDENCIA PERSIGUE EL CRIMEN with date 1852/1 at bottom, reeded edge (overdate and edge not mentioned on label). The inspiration for the fleeing criminal theme was the attempted assassination of Belzu on September 6, 1850. Incipient toning over ample luster, bold strike except for faint central weakness, no marks or wear, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 65 that we know is a different variety (plain edge). NGC #5962267-003.

Potosi, Bolivia, medallic 2 soles, 1852/1, Belzu / criminal, coin axis, reeded edge, NGC UNC details / scratches. Burnett-43 var (reeded edge); Fonrobert-9567 var (overdate). 6.55 grams. Obverse with seated Liberty with youth and baby looking toward radiant sun at right within legend LOS EMPLEADOS DE POTOSI at top and AL PRESIDENTE . M. Y. BELZU at bottom; reverse with fleeing criminal being chased off a cliff to right by a sword coming from clouds to left within legend LA PROVIDENCIA PERSIGUE EL CRIMEN with date 1852/1 at bottom; reeded edge (overdate and edge not mentioned on label). The inspiration for the fleeing criminal theme is the attempted assassination of Belzu on September 6, 1850. Bold strike with weak centers, lightly toned over luster, innocuous scratches on both sides. NGC #5969161-002.

Potosi, Bolivia, medallic 1 sol, 1851, Belzu / Constitution, medal axis, NGC MS 63, finest and only example in NGC census. Burnett-36 var (medal axis); Fonrobert-9557. 3.60 grams. Obverse with nude angel (Genius) striding right and placing a wreath on bare bust of Belzu on pedestal within legend POTOSI AL YLUSTRE JEFE DE BOLIVIA; reverse with open-book Constitution with lettering CONS / TITU / CION on left page and BOLI / VIANA on right within legend JURADA EN 28 DE OCTUBRE DE with 1851 date at bottom; reeded edge. Choice strike and luster, faintly toned, finest graded at either NGC or PCGS. NGC #5969161-003.

Potosi, Bolivia, medallic 1 sol, 1852, Belzu / Bacchus sunface, struck over a cut-down Peruvian Zepita military decoration of 1823, unique, PCGS MS62. Burnett-50; Fonrobert-9570; struck over Fonrobert-9265, Salbach-983. 4.00 grams. Obverse with angel flying to right above clouds, blowing horn to left and holding laurel wreath in left hand encircling VA [in monogram] / BELZU within legend EL DEPARTAMENTO DE POTOSI EN and date 1852 at bottom; reverse with radiant Bacchus sunface inside legend AL PRESIDENTE DELA REPUBLICA; reeded edge. Choice bold strike (but face of Bacchus flat) with matte surfaces without marks or wear, but most important aspect is that faint lettering can be seen in the fields to prove the host was a central disc cut from a very rare (irregularly hexagonal) Peruvian 1823 Battle of Zepita medal (one of which with original ribbon we sold for over $10,000 in Auction 16) from the time of Simón Bolívar, a unique and surprising item indeed. PCGS #43299131.

La Paz, Bolivia, medallic 1 sol, 1853, Belzu / mountains / cornucopia, NGC MS 62. Burnett-60A1; Fonrobert-9758. Obverse with sun and clouds over mountains with city in foreground, all within legend CASA NACIONAL DE MONEDA DE LA PAZ . ; reverse with cornucopia spilling right with point on altar to left that says LI / BER / TAD, all within legend ERIJIDA POR EL J.MANUEL Y. BELZU. with date 1853 at bottom; reeded edge. Bold strike with full details, faint toning over nice luster, minor rim-flaws. NGC label and census call it "Burnett-57B 2S size" in error. NGC #5962267-004.

Potosi, Bolivia, medallic 1/2 sol, (1831), America Libre / Republica Boliviana, rare, NGC MS 65. Burnett-unl; Fonrobert-unl. Obverse with face of Bacchus inside rays within legend AMERICA LIBRE; reverse with arms inside legend REPUBLICA BOLIVIANA (matching the design of 1831 issues). The Bacchus face (in smiling form) has been a symbol of the Potosi mint since colonial times and a large version hangs over the entrance to this day. Choice full strike on a broad flan with full rims, satin-smooth fields with lovely toning over luster, no marks or wear except on highest points of the Bacchus face, surely finest known. NGC #5962267-001.

Brazil (Bahia mint), gold 4000 reis, Pedro II, 1696, NGC XF 45. Russo-24; KM-89. 7.97 grams. Bold strike with light, even wear, smooth fields, contrasting toning and sediment around details, tied with two others for finest in NGC census. NGC #5969226-008.

Brazil (Minas mint), gold 12800 reis, Joao V, 1728/7-M, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Russo-unl (cf 284); KM-139. Popular as the largest regular-issue gold coin made in the Americas, this example the finer of just two of this overdate in the NGC census, with muted luster and full rims but centers somewhat weak with adjustment marks (especially the reverse), the overdate quite bold. NGC #4931679-001.

Brazil (Bahia mint), gold 6400 reis, Jose I, 1758-B, NGC MS 66. Russo-388; KM-172.1. Very eye-catching, with near-prooflike brilliance of luster and choiceness of strike, with just one hairline mark on the neck keeping it from an even higher grade, with just one MS 66+ being finer, simply lovely. NGC #4292659-001.

Brazil (Minas Gerais), 960 reis counterstamp (1809, Joao Prince Regent) on a Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1799 PP, NGC XF 45, c/s UNC strong. Russo-450; KM-242. Broad flan (typical for this host), off-center obverse, very lightly toned, the full counterstamp desirably away from the rims to enable a fully visible host date. NGC #5961757-004.

Canada, platinum matte proof 5-coin Polar Bear set dated 1999 in original Royal Canadian Mint box with COA: $50, $25, $10, $5, and $1. Fr-B50-B54. Box: 6-1/2" x 4-1/2". Low-mintage set (just 299 made) of pure platinum coins weighing 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10 and 1/20 oz respectively (APW 1.9 oz), all with queen on obverse and polar bear on reverse, all lustrous Gen UNC with perfect surfaces, no marks or wear. With original certificate and outer box printed with "1999 Platinum Polar Bear Set."

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750 J, NGC MS 62 PL / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-822; KM-3. Spectacular mirrorlike luster with minimal marks, a couple spots of central weakness as usual, a very flashy and choice specimen, fully deserving of its PL ("prooflike") designation, with desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-004 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #323 (1/2).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750 J, NGC MS 62 / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-822; KM-3. Good luster, with typical central weak spots, reverse slightly off-center, encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-003 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #321 (1/2).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750 J, NGC MS 61 PL / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-822; KM-3. Brightly lustrous (per the PL designation) in butter-yellow gold, with typical central weak spots, full rims, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-005 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #323 (1/2).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750 J, NGC MS 61 / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-822; KM-3. Good strike (minimal central weakness) with full rims, slightly muted luster, encrustation in crevices, off-center strike, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-001 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #318.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750 J, NGC MS 61 / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-822; KM-3. Choice full rims and bold strike with only minor central weakness, mostly strong luster, encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-002 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #321 (1/2).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1749 J, NGC MS 61 / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-740; KM-2. Strong luster, bold strike with only minor central weakness, a few light marks and much encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-006 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #373.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750/5 J, NGC MS 61 PL / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993), Plate Coin. Cal-742; KM-2. Brightly lustrous (per the PL designation), strong strike with just the bottom of the crown weak, traces of encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-011 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #375, plated in catalog.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750/5 J, NGC MS 61 / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-742; KM-2. Slightly muted luster but satin-smooth surfaces, slightly off-center reverse with weak center as usual, traces of encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-010 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #371.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750/5 J, NGC MS 60 PL / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993), Plate Coin. Cal-742; KM-2. Brightly lustrous (per the PL designation) with typical light marks, slightly off-center reverse with minor weakness in center, much encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-007 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #368, plated in catalog.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750/5 J, NGC MS 60 PL / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-742; KM-2. Brightly lustrous (per the PL designation) with typical light marks, slightly off-center reverse with minor weakness in center, much encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-009 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #370.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1750/5 J, NGC UNC details / saltwater damage / La Luz (1752), ex-Sotheby's (1993). Cal-742; KM-2. Matte surfaces with luster remaining in legends, typically weak centers, traces of encrustation in crevices, desirable original auction pedigree. NGC #5961243-008 (Shipwreck Blue Label). Pedigreed to the Luz (1752) and to the Sotheby's (New York) "Uruguayan Treasure of the River Plate" auction of March 1993, with original lot-tag #369.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1751J, NGC UNC details / env damage, cleaned, La Luz (1752). Cal-824; KM-3. 27.07 grams. Fully struck-up UNC (rare without central weakness) but left in its uncleaned state in order to preserve the fascinating barnacle "footprints" and "eggs" (like snakeskin) and red staining, a unique and attractive item, especially as now "slabbed" with a shipwreck label. NGC #5965184-004 (Shipwreck Blue Label). From the Luz (1752), pedigreed to the Fernandina collection (both stated on label).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII transitional ("admiral" bust), 1809 FJ, NGC AU 58. Cal-1862; KM-72. Typically bold strike with light toning around details, muted luster, minor lamination flaws on bust, desirable type. NGC #5845195-006. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 FJ, NGC AU 55.. Cal-1871; KM-78. Choice toning and luster for the grade, with faint hairlines and bust slightly weak, minor lamination flaws on reverse rim. NGC #4916896-005.

Santiago, Chile, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1805 FJ, very rare, NGC F 15 ("top pop"). Cal-1422; KM-53. Very broad flan (reverse slightly off-center), with good toning and luster in legends, the bust and parts of rims weak, overall closer to VF in our opinion but rare in any grade (only two in the NGC census, both at this grade), very low mintage of 646 pieces. NGC #5955312-002.

Santiago, Chile, bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 FJ, NGC XF 45. Cal-1567; KM-76. Good luster for the assigned grade, also nice strike with strong rims, lightly toned, scarce issue (mintage of 1152 pieces). NGC #5961211-001.

Santiago, Chile, bust 8 reales, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1790 DA, NGC XF 40. Cal-1017; KM-39. Deeply toned and nice original "skin," a couple old dents in obverse fields, rare and desirable transitional type. NGC #5961212-002.

Santiago, Chile, bust 4 reales, Charles IV, 1808/7 FJ, NGC AU 55. Cal-872; KM-60. Choice toning and luster for the assigned grade (second highest in NGC census), struck very slightly off-center but with bold details, just the highest points slightly weak (perhaps mistaken for wear), quite attractive and desirable. NGC #5943931-002.

Santiago, Chile, gold 8 escudos, 1850 LA, MARZO on edge, NGC AU 53. KM-105. 26.97 grams. Light, even wear, muted luster and smooth surfaces. NGC #5961961-008.

Santiago, Chile, "volcano" 1 real, 1834 IJ, NGC MS 63. KM-91. Choice luster and light toning, satin-smooth fields, also a great strike with strong rims on both sides, scarce and desirable single-year type in this denomination, tied for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 65. NGC #5961187-005.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1869, NGC MS 63. KM-142.1. 25.00 grams Frosty and lustrous with no wear and minimal bagmarks, bold rims, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 66. NGC #5965627-002.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1877, MS 65+, finest known in NGC census. KM-142.1. 25.01 grams. Frosty and lustrous, devoid of marks or wear, the single finest of 48 current entries in the NGC census. NGC #5965627-003.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1878, NGC MS 65+, finest known in NGC census. KM-142.1. 25.03 grams. Frosty with luster, minimal bagmarks, single finest of 30 current entries in the NGC census. NGC #5965627-004.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1881, NGC MS 64. KM-142.1. 25.00 grams. Brightly lustrous with minimal bagmarks only. NGC #5965627-005.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1882, NGC MS 63+. KM-142.1. 25.00 grams. Strong luster with traces of rainbow toning on condor side only, bagmarks on other side. NGC #5965627-007.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1884, NGC MS 64. KM-142.1. 25.01 grams. Frosty luster, light bagmarks and minor rim-bump. NGC #5965627-009.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1884, NGC MS 63+. KM-142.1. 25.03 grams. Gorgeous golden toning over luster on condor side, minimal bagmarks on arms side. NGC #5965627-010.

Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1889, NGC MS 64. KM-142.1. 25.01 grams. Brilliant luster and practically no bagmarks, near top grade. NGC #5965627-011.

Santiago, Chile, copper 1 centavo, 1898/81, NGC MS 64 BN, finest known in NGC census. KM-146a. Even dark-brown color all over, the surfaces matte but all smooth, just a few old marks keeping it from an even higher grade. NGC #5928786-015.

China, dollar, (1912), Sun Yat-sen, lower five-pointed stars, Nanjing mint, PCGS MS62. KM-Y319; L&M-42. Incredibly colorful toning over luster on obverse, the reverse just lustrous, with minimal marks and no wear, highly desirable commemorative of the birth of Republic of China, overall much prettier than some pieces with a higher assigned grade. PCGS #42924016.

China, yuan, Year 3 (1914), Yuan Shih-kai, PCGS MS63. KM-Y329, L&M-63. Vivid rainbow toning over luster on obverse, the reverse just lustrous, practically no marks or wear, its unique toning a standout compared to others (even in higher grade), popular issue showing President (and later Emperor) Yuan Shih-kai on obverse. PCGS #42924017.

Cartagena, Colombia, cob 8 reales, 1621, assayer A to right, mintmark RN to left, ex-"Dry Tortugas wreck" (ca. 1622), extremely rare, PCGS VF details / environmental damage, Oceans Odyssey Plate Coin, Boletin Numismatico Cover Coin. Restrepo-M41.1; S-C2; KM-3.2; Cal-1229. 12.68 grams. Very broad flan with choice full cross-lions-castles and all-important 21 of date at 11-12 o'clock, the nearly full shield equally well detailed with clear assayer A to right, just inside PHIL- of king's name, most of crown at top, mintmark not visible but known to be RN to left (no denomination), attractively toned over moderately corroded surfaces all over, widely acknowledged as the nicest of just four clearly dated specimens known of this first issue of Cartagena, all lost on the 1622 Fleet and curiously recovered from separate wrecksites, namely the Atocha and the "Dry Tortugas wreck," which some believe was the Portuguese-built Buen Jesus y Nuestra Senora del Rosario (read the accompanying book to learn more about the salvage and research behind this wreck). Three of the known specimens are nicknamed after the owners who held them when the 1621 date was confirmed, this one being the "Zucker specimen" after collector Samuel Zucker of Florida, who wrote an article about two of the coins (in addition to one from the same dies but without visible date owned by Herman Blanton) in a pair of 2005 articles in Coin World and PLVS VLTRA newsletter. A third clearly dated specimen, known as the Pearson specimen, was discovered shortly thereafter and offered in Sedwick Auction 3 in 2008 (lot 121), and then a fourth (unnamed) was sold in Sedwick Auction 8 in 2010 (lot 516). Those coins and the other clearly dated specimen in Zucker's article--known as the Sinclair specimen--all came from the Atocha, as did Blanton's undated piece. In his articles Zucker emphasized that he diligently searched for other specimens and found no others with visible dates despite several obverse matches, crucially lacking a pomegranate in the shield as opposed to similar 1622 issues WITH pomegranate that Jorge Proctor has proven were made in Bogota (Boletin Numismatico #105, 2nd semester 2018). In any case the present piece is the only one to be officially certified and encapsulated by PCGS, a befitting honor for what is effectively Colombia's very first "dollar," its sale well timed for the 3rd International Convention of Historians and Numismatists in Cartagena this December. PCGS #42628766. From the "Dry Tortugas wreck" (ca. 1622), with original Seahawk certificate 91-1A-2081.0099 and Sedwick certificate from 2004, Plate Coin on page 187 of Oceans Odyssey 3 (2013), by Odyssey Marine Exploration, also featured in a DailyMail.com article of April 4, 2013 by Hugo Gye, and featured on the cover of Boletin Numismatico issue 110 (2nd semester 2021), a copy of which accompanies this lot.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 8 reales, 1634 (?) (A), quadrants of cross transposed. Restrepo-M44.15; S-B5; KM-3.3; Cal-1540. 23.78 grams. Solid flan despite corrosion on shield side (probably from the Concepcion of 1641), the shield still full, and with nearly full crown above, but slightly doubled, with clear denomination VIII to right, the NR-A to left not visible but known for this date, full but centrally weak cross with full 163 and very bottom of 4 of date in legend, distinctive lions, VF details overall, darkly toned. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota or Cartagena, Colombia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible, mintmark RN to left outside of denomination IIII, no Flanders-Tirol in shield, unique, ex-Lasser (Coinage of El Peru Plate), Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-M35.10; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 11.68 grams. This well-pedigreed coin continues to defy definitive attribution. It is unique both for the omission of Flanders and Tyrol in the shield and for the fact that the mintmark R(N), which seems to indicate Cartagena mint but could instead be from Pinto's RN-P issue of 1629 only (known in 2 escudos), appears upright and to the left of the vertical denomination IIII to the left of the shield, which is rather off-center but nearly full, a barely visible pomegranate at the bottom also indicative of Bogota mint. The cross on the other side is full and well centered but double-struck, with lions and castles in proper quadrants (more characteristic of Cartagena). Nicely toned all over and no worse than AVF for wear, this coin has frustrated all experts so far, and until we see another from the same dies but with more visible information (like date or assayer), we will never know for sure which mint produced it. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection, Plate Coin on p. 76 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012), Plate Coin on p. 128 of Lasser's article "Silver Cobs of Colombia, 1622-1748" in The Coinage of El Peru (1988), also pedigreed to the Christensen auction of December 1980 (lot 493) and to the Ponterio auction of January 2005, with original lot-tag #774.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer P below denomination IIII to right, mintmark NR to left, upper half of shield transposed (1627-32), unique, PCGS XF detail / water damage, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-M35.3 var; S-B4; KM-unl (2.2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 267). 12.87 grams. Choice full shield and cross with sharp details, clear N( R) to left and IIII-P to right, silvery but with a couple darker spots, evidently solid despite its shipwreck origin (probably Concepcion of 1641), with very eye-catching transposition error that is so far unique and unlisted. PCGS #85753750. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018), with original lot-tag 11053, and to the Gran Colombia collection.

Cartagena, Colombia, cob 4 reales, 1634, assayer E below mintmark C to right, very rare. Restrepo-M36.8; S-C3; KM-unl (2.4 for type); Cal-unl (Type 261). 13.53 grams. Thick, round flan with full +C+E+ to right of 100% full shield, also good full cross with full final 4 and clear 3 of date in legend (this date unconfirmed in Restrepo, possibly unique), toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection, with collector's tag.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 2 reales, Philip IV, assayer P below denomination II to right, mintmark NR to left, lions and castles transposed in shield and cross (1627-30), ex-Lasser, KM Plate. Restrepo-M28.3; S-B4; KM-6.1; Cal-Type 250. 6.30 grams. Odd-shaped flan with choice full cross and shield, clear N.R. to left and II.P. to right, very nicely toned AVF, attractive but lacking a visible date. Pedigreed to the Joseph R. Lasser collection (Ponterio auction of January 2006, lot 387) and to the Gran Colombia collection, with collector's tag, also Plate Coin in Krause-Mishler's Standard Catalog references.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1 real, Philip IV, assayer A below mintmark NR to left (1632-42), very rare. Restrepo-M20.18; S-B5; KM-5; Cal-Type 209. 3.04 grams. Nicely toned XF with well-detailed full shield and cross (the latter with castles and lions in proper quadrants), full NR-A to left, flat peripheries and odd old gouge or natural flaw below shield. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1 real, 1653 R, mintmark N below P-LV-S, rare, NGC AU 53, ex-Eldorado and Nesmith Plate (both stated on label), finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-M24.9; S-B7; KM-9; Cal-778. 3.49 grams. Choice grade with sharp details (and even some traces of luster) despite doubling on both sides, the shield and pillars nevertheless full and with clear 653 of date on pillars side (10-11 o'clock in legend), the doubling curiously causing the top-right lion to drop to the bottom quadrant, making the shield look like both bottom quadrants have lions. NGC #4917432-001. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11102) and plated in Robert Nesmith's 1958 article "A Hoard of the First Silver Coins of Nuevo Reino de Granada," coin #10b on plate XXXI and in a line drawing on page 527.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1 real, Philip IV, assayer not visible (R ), mintmark N below P-LV-S (early 1650s), rare. Restrepo-M24; S-B7; KM-9; Cal-Type 211. 3.42 grams. Bold full pillars, well centered but with date off the flan, off-center and somewhat flat shield with most of crown above, round flan, AVF with lots of small marks, contrasting black toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, 1662, assayer not visible (R ), rare. Restrepo-M16.6; S-B7; KM-8; Cal-615. 1.06 grams. Most of cross struck off-center to enable a fairly clear 1662 date in legend (also with castles and lions in proper quadrants, unlike the Restrepo example), the monogram side also off-center but also rather weak, all dark and somewhat corroded from salvage, Fine details. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, 1702, no assayer (Arce), Charles II posthumous with Philip V monogram, unique. Restrepo-M54.1; S-B11; KM-B8; Cal-324 (under Ph. V). 1.51 grams. The Bogota coinage of the period of 1700-2 is rather chaotic, providing for an interesting study in gold but with very little silver known. Many of the coins show both Charles II (posthumous) and the new king Philip V in the legends. This currently unique discovery piece has a full and bold but off-center Philip monogram with clear -LVS II for Charles II in the legend on that side, the cross also bold and off-center (with castles and lions in proper quadrants) enabling a bold HISP- but also a nearly full final digit 2 of the date followed by a full ornament x in the legend, first we have seen or heard of, AXF with deeply toned fields. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, no assayer (Arce), Charles II posthumous with Philip V monogram (1700-1714), rare. Restrepo-M54.1; S-B11; KM-B8; Cal-Type 59. 1.55 grams. Well-detailed XF+ but with both the monogram and cross struck off-center, in the case of the former enabling a full CARO to right and LV(S) below to be visible in the legend, also with bold full HISPANIA(RVM) on the cross side (but no visible date), castles and lions in proper quadrants, the fields lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, Philip V, no assayer (1716-1721), proper quadrants. Restrepo-M68.1; S-B12; KM-B8; Cal-Type 60. 1.35 grams. Full monogram with part of king's name and ordinal -PVS V below, choice bottom half of cross (nice castle and lion in proper quadrants) with bold (HISP)ANIARVM in legend, toned and slightly porous XF. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, Philip V, no assayer (1716-1721), quadrants of cross transposed. Restrepo-M68.1; S-B12; KM-B8; Cal-Type 60. 1.22 grams. Very bold full monogram and cross, the latter with lions and castles (transposed) in a unique style, parts of PHILIPVS visible on obverse, toned but lightly corroded XF. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/2 real, Philip V, assayer S to right, mintmark F to left, quadrants of cross transposed (1726), very rare. Restrepo-M68.2; S-B13; KM-B8; Cal-Type 60. 1.29 grams. Nearly full monogram with full .F. to left, .+. above, and 72 of date below, which Restrepo attributes to 1726 and says "three known" (not including this one), the cross also nearly full with second mintmark F to left and distinctive lions and castles in transposed quadrants (also with characteristic x below cross), toned and somewhat porous VF. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Philip V, no assayer (1649-57), rare, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-M14.1; KM-unl; Cal-530. Thick and sharply cut flan with deeply struck full castle and lion (the latter choice), darkly toned in crevices, that match known 8R issues of 1651-2, although the official mint records published by Barriga-Villalba in 1969 (Historia de la Casa de Moneda, Vol III, page 533) clearly state that 1/4R around this time (i.e., with this castle and lion) were only struck in the years 1649 (from which we have no 8 reales to compare with) and 1657 (whose 8 reales have a different castle and lion). PCGS #84931112. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection and to the Eldorado collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11129).

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Charles II, no assayer (1691-5), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.63 gram. Choice full castle and lion that match the known 8 reales of assayer Arce, and we note that Barriga-Villalba's Historia de la Casa de Moneda (1969), Vol III, page 535, states that 1/4R around this time (i.e., with this castle and lion) were made only in 1691 and 1695, darkly toned all over, XF or better for grade, first example we have seen. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Charles II posthumous, no assayer (1704-8), rare. Restrepo-M53.2; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.92 gram. Broad flan with choice full castle and lion of a distinctive style matching the 8 reales of 1703, but we note that Barriga-Villalba's Historia de la Casa de Moneda (1969), Vol III, page 536, states that 1/4R around this time (i.e., with this castle and lion) were made only in 1704, 1705, 1707 and 1708, bold VF with contrasting toning on fields. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Philip V or Louis I, no assayer (1724-9), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.68 gram. Choice, darkly toned XF specimen with corded border and distinctive castle (full) and lion (off-center) that match known 8R of 1722, but Barriga-Villalba's Historia de la Casa de Moneda (1969), Vol III, page 537, records that 1/4R of this type were only struck in 1724, 1726 and 1729, first example we have seen (but also see next lot and lot 908). Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Philip V or Louis I, no assayer (1724-9), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.74 gram. Squarish flan with bold full lion, nearly full but off-center castle with bold corded border, the castle and lion punches similar but not identical to those on the 8R of 1722, so probably struck in a different year from the previous lot, noting that 1/4R of this type were only struck in 1724, 1726 and 1729 (Barriga Vol III page 537), first example we have seen. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Philip V, no assayer (1740s), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.62 gram. Lightly toned XF+ with choice full lion and castle that match the 8E (gold) issues of 1746 but not the 8R issues of 1742, the exact date unfortunately indeterminate because the official records in Barriga-Villalba (Historia de la Casa de Moneda, 1969, Vol III, page 538) does not record the specific denominations made in silver cobs after 1742, this example the first we have seen. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Philip V(?), assayer not visible, rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.41 gram. Salvaged VF with full but off-center castle and lion that we cannot positively match with any larger coins to determine time period, although the style fits late Philip V or possibly Ferdinand VI, darkly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob 1/4 real, Ferdinand VI, no assayer, lion facing right (ca. 1751), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-Type 9. 0.74 gram. XF or better, with corded border visible above the bold full castle and around the crude lion (both off-center), the castle and lion punches matching known 8E (gold) of 1751 (no records in Barriga-Villalba between 1748 and 1755), in particular the right-facing lion. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob mitad of a 1/4 real (?), Philip V, no assayer (1724-9), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.44 gram. The concept of an official "1/8 real" in the form of a half-weight 1/4 real is based on an article by Herman Blanton in the November/December 2015 issue of NI Bulletin (Vol 50, Nos 11-12), in which the author cites Barriga-Villalba's mint records (Historia de la Casa de Moneda, 1969, Vol III, page 537) that state "cuartillos y mitades" were struck in the year 1726, another theory being that "mitades" ("halves") actually refers to 1/2R, which are known for this date without any other reference to them in the documents, in which case half-weight 1/4R like this one were simply cut down after striking (or corroded). In any case, the present example bears corded borders and choice full castle and lion that match those on the known 8R of 1722 (but see lot 903 above for Barriga-Villalba record showing 1/4R were made in 1724, 1726 and 1729 only), darkly toned XF with light surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, cob mitad of a 1/4 real (?), Ferdinand VI, no assayer (1748-55), very rare. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 0.36 gram. Square-cut flan of half-1/4R weight (see previous lot for explanation), dark XF with slight porosity, no borders, with very choice full castle and lion that match or at least resemble the latest cob issues and even the milled coins under Ferdinand VI (no records in Barriga between 1748 and 1755), first example we have seen or heard of. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, "rat nose," 1762 JV, very rare, NGC AU 55 (finest known in NGC census). Restrepo-71.1; Cal-2079; KM-41. With light red toning over luster in legends, choice strike (just slightly off-center, but rims still full), with only light wear and marks per the assigned grade, very rare first date of the historically important first issue to depict Charles III (albeit in a less-than-flattering "rat nose" version) and not to be confused with the relatively less rare Ferdinand VI-portrait pieces of the same date, this date significantly missing in Karon, Eliasberg, Caballero de las Yndias, Norweb and Ortiz, with only one example (Eldorado) graded higher by PCGS (AU58). NGC #5935256-001.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1773 JS, NGC MS 61 ("top pop"). Restrepo-73.8; Cal-2039; KM-50.2. Nice bold strike, some original luster (mostly on reverse) and also traces of toning and sediment in crevices, tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #5943932-008.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1785 JJ, dot between J's, NGC AU 58. Restrepo-72.30; Cal-2119; KM-50.1a. Nice strike and ample luster, with splashes of light red toning on reverse, light high-point wear. NGC # 5960759-001.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1787JJ, dot between J's. Restrepo-72.34; Cal-2122; KM-50.1a. 26.97 grams. Bright AU with original luster at rims, faint wear and marks. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV/III), 1789 JJ, NGC XF 45. Restrepo-95.2; Cal-1715; KM-53.1. Good strike with deep red toning on fields, turning purplish around details, not much wear but some marks, per the grade, also slight vertical flan-bulge in front of bust. NGC #5845195-003. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1794 JJ, two dots before assayers. Restrepo-97.10a; Cal-1726; KM-62.1. 27.01 grams. UNC details with test-mark in edge, bright and sharply detailed all over, slightly grainy surfaces but lustrous. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1795 JF, NGC AU 58. Restrepo-98.10; Cal-1667; KM-62.2. Good strike, choice luster for the grade, with no wear but some light marks in fields. NGC #5845195-001. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1801 JJ, NGC AU 58. Restrepo-97.25; Cal-1738; KM-62.1. Nice strike on smallish flan (rims incomplete), nice luster and hints of red toning. NGC #5948655-004.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1802 JF, NGC MS 61. Restrepo-98.24; Cal-1676; KM-62.2. Bold but slightly off-center strike, rather lustrous for the grade, splashed with purplish-red toning over faint surface hairlines, rather pretty overall. NGC # 5960759-002.

Bogota, Colombia, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1812/1 JF. Restrepo-127.12; Cal-1842; KM-66.2. 26.80 grams. Bold and frosty AU with traces of luster but mostly covered with a matte haze, one spot of vivid color, very weak crown, the edge slightly rough.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1780 SF, 8/9 in date (unique). Restrepo-unl (cf. 54.18); Cal-unl (cf 1423); KM-unl (48.2 for type). 3.34 grams. Problem-free AXF with traces of luster, off-center reverse, minor edge-flaw (natural, not a bump), but most important is the date with clear 7/7 and 8/9, unlisted and the first we have seen or heard of.

Popayan, Colombia, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV/III, 1789/8 SF, NGC AU 53. Restrepo-83.1; Cal-1144; KM-unl (54.1 for type). Nice luster for the assigned grade, with bold legends, parts of rims crude (as made), clear overdate and over-ordinal. NGC #4931634-001.

Honda, Colombia, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, corded edge, rare, NGC AU 53 ("top pop"). Restrepo-10 (p. 129); Herrera-22; Medina-304. 35mm Obverse with crowned double-headed eagle on bridge within legend PROCLAMACION DE LA UILLA DE HONDA with date 1808 at bottom (flanked by crosses-fleury); reverse with crowned arms above MAGNO IN ORTU / MAJORIN IMPERIO / MAXIMO.IN SE / IPSO. within legend FERNANDO.VII.REY DE ESPANA.Y DE INDIAS. Lovely rich rainbow toning, minimal marks and wear for the assigned grade, very attractive overall, tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #6272343-002.

Popayan, Colombia, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), corded edge, rare, 1808, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-22 (p. 130); Fonrobert-8218; Herrera-49; Medina-344. 32mm Obverse with armored bust of Charles IV flanked by TIBI and FIDES above ET AMOR* within legend PREDILECTUS HISP ET IND REX [radiant rosette] FERDINANDUS VII ; reverse with mountains and city within legend PROCLAMATUS IN CIVIT POPAIENENSI . Light steely toning over luster, minimal high-point wear, rim-flaw at about 3 o'clock, the finer of just two in the NGC census. NGC #6272342-001.

Popayan, Colombia, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1810 JF, NGC XF 45, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-114.1; Cal-895; KM-70.2. Lustrous and lightly toned, struck a bit off-center and with adjustment marks on bust, still the best of four in the current NGC census. NGC #5951714-001.

Bogota, Colombia, 1/4 real, 1797, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-75.3; Cal-163; KM-63. Bright and frosty, boldly struck, just some light hairlines in fields, crude rims (as made). NGC #6272080-001.

Bogota, Colombia, 1/4 real, 1810, curved date, NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-100.5b; Cal-288; KM-67.1. Bold strike (including rims) with frosty lion and castle against deeply rainbow-toned fields, interesting variety with the date curved to follow the contour of the rim (not mentioned on label). NGC #6272080-002.

Popayan, Colombia, 1/4 real, 1816, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-101.1; Cal-295; KM-67.1. Bold strike with nice luster on slightly grainy surfaces, arc of purplish-blue toning near top of reverse. NGC #6272080-003.

Cartagena, Colombia, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "100" (ca. 1815), struck over State of Cartagena provisional 2 reales dated 1813, rare, NGC AU 55 BN, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Off-center overstrike with traces of the host visible, including a clear 181 and weak but certain final digit 3 of the date on the cross side, dark and a bit unevenly struck but choice in terms of grade. NGC #4332661-011

Cartagena, Colombia, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "800" (ca. 1815), struck over State of Cartagena provisional 2 reales dated 1814, rare, NGC VF 35 BN. Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Rare type issued by Viceroy Montalvo, highly desirable example for the fact that so much of the host's original obverse is visible, including the full date 1814 and CARTAGENA on the pillars side, with the fantasy date 800 of the new design also full and clear, very dark but with reddish fields. (Note the NGC label attributes it to Cartagena 1814 without mention of the overstrike, also it was graded long ago and now is possibly closer to AU by today's standards.) NGC #2115362-010. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Cartagena, Colombia, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "880" (ca. 1815), struck over State of Cartagena provisional 2 reales (1813-4), rare, NGC AU 58. Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Uneven strike with only traces of host detail visible (date not visible), darkly toned fields, high grade (in fact, technically it should be the finest in the NGC census ahead of lot 928 above, but NGC put it in a new category by itself as "Siege of Cartagena"). NGC #6271292-001. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Cartagena, Colombia, copper "imitation cob" 1/2 real, no date (ca. 1815), struck over State of Cartagena provisional 1/2 real (1812-13), very rare, NGC VF 25 BN. Restrepo-108.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Crude overstrike but with full monogram and (off-center) cross, the latter with much of ESTADO DE CARTAGENA visible but not the host date, darkly toned, small edge-split. NGC #6272339-001.

Cartagena, Colombia, low-silver "imitation cob" 1/2 real, no date (ca. 1815), very rare. Restrepo-108.2; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.94 gram. Choice example with full and well-detailed monogram and cross-lions-castles in a style experts agree is consistent with Cartagena (slightly different design from Restrepo example), the flan thin and octagonal, XF with toning all over, old mark on cross. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Cartagena, Colombia, low-silver "imitation cob" 1/2 real, no date (ca. 1815), very rare. Restrepo-108.2; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.81 gram. Uneven strike on a thin, octagonal flan, lightly toned VF with tiny spots of verdigris and encrustation, recognizable style (same as previous lot). Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Cartagena(?), Colombia, billon or copper 1/4 real, obverse with rosette below NR and 1/4 (ca. 1815), unique. Restrepo-102.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.60 gram. Dark and corroded surfaces, also a bit uneven in strike, but with clear lion on one side and NR-1/4 on other side, the latter with rosette at bottom instead of top, first specimen known of this variety within a very rare type. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection.

Popayan, Colombia, gold 8 escudos, 1822 FM, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census. Sed-7; Restrepo-166.1; KM-82.2. 27.08 grams. Brilliantly lustrous (very eye-catching), with fully detailed strike, full but slightly irregular rims (as made), the finest of five currently in the NGC census. NGC #5965226-006.

Popayan, Colombia, gold 8 escudos, 1826/1 FM, unique, NGC MS 62. Sed-unl (7 for type); Restrepo-166 var; KM-unl (82.2 for type). Light luster and with faint high-point wear, parts of rims crude (as made), but with bold and clear overdate 6/1 (decidedly not 6/4 as listed in Restrepo), first we have seen or heard of. NGC #6272079-001.

Popayan, Colombia, gold 8 escudos, 1830 FW, rare, NGC UNC details / harshly cleaned. Sed-7; Restrepo-166.26; KM-82.2. 26.92 grams. Bold strike and rims, with traces of luster in legends but the fields fraught with hairlines, interesting variety with inward-facing second assayer (hence FW instead of FM). NGC #5965226-007.

Bogota, Colombia, 1 real, 1847, six-pointed stars, NGC AU 55 ("top pop"). Restrepo-184.2; KM-103. Light rose-violet toning over muted luster, mark-free fields but some slight high-point wear or weakness, currently tied with three others for finest in NGC census. NGC #5928785-002.

Popayan, Colombia, 1/2 real, 1846 UE, NGC VF 35, ex- Eldorado. Restrepo-178.24; KM-96.2. Contrasting toning, the cornucopiae bold but the reverse partially weak. NGC #6271287-001. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018), with original lot-tag 44157.

Popayan, Colombia, gold 2 pesos, 1859, NGC XF 45, ex-Frank Sedwick (stated on label). Sed-22; Restrepo-231.1; KM-127. Rather lustrous for the assigned grade but with typically crude surfaces and rims (as made), flashy and technically second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63, desirable pedigree and essentially a one-year type. NGC #3477459-122. Pedigreed to the Dr. Frank Sedwick collection (Sedwick Auction 9, lot 323).

Medellin, Colombia, 1 peso, 1870/69, NGC XF 45. Restrepo-318.2; KM-154.2. Deep strike with high but slightly crude rims (as made), lustrous and closer to AU by today's standards, natural depression in field in front of face, traces of verdigris on reverse, second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 55. NGC #3370152-001.

Bogota, Colombia, 2-1/2 centavos, 1879, NGC MS 65. Restrepo-249.8; KM-169; KM-169. Brightly lustrous, with streak of toning across pomegranate only, bold centers, tied with two others for second finest in current NGC census behind a single MS 66. NGC #2022774-010.

Bogota, Colombia, 50 centavos, 1889, ball-tip 9, ANACS AU 58 ("top pop"). Restrepo-407.1; KM-186.1a. Choice strike and grade, the luster somewhat muted by matte surfaces but starting to tone, nicest example we have seen (tied with top grade at NGC, the highest at PCGS being just XF45). ANACS #4974533.

Medellin, Colombia, specimen piefort pattern 50 centavos, 1913, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP 55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-102 (p. 255). Lightly toned over muted luster, a rare trial strike of the adopted Medellin design that began in 1914 (Restrepo-415) but with ENSAYO on the obverse and flat-top 3 (as for Bogota) as opposed to the round-top 3 used later, just some light wear on high points, neat piece for the half-dollar specialist. PCGS #85760574. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stacks Bowers auction of August 2018, with original lot-tag 42274).

Medellin, Colombia, specimen piefort pattern 10 centavos, 1915, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP 62, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-110 (p. 255). Bold and lustrous, with light colorful toning, a few small marks and perhaps once lightly polished, a double-thickness essai for an unadopted Medellin type similar to the Bogota issue that began in 1911 (Restrepo-377), with ENSAYO on the obverse. PCGS #85757855. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stacks Bowers auction of August 2018, with original lot-tag 42277) and to the Baldwin's auction of May 1994 (lot 408).

Medellin, Colombia (struck in Paris), silver specimen pattern (essai) for gold 5 pesos, 1923, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP 64, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-140 (p. 256). A silver pattern for the standard issue in gold (Restrepo-455) but with ESSAI stamped into the obverse below the chin, boldly struck and lightly toned, muted luster, no marks or wear. PCGS #84929504. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stacks Bowers auction of August 2018, with original lot-tag 42286).

Medellin, Colombia (struck in Paris), silver specimen pattern (essai) for gold 2-1/2 pesos, 1923, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP 63, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-136 (p. 256). A silver pattern for the standard issue in gold (Restrepo-452) but with ESSAI stamped into the obverse below the chin, boldly struck with decent luster mostly coated with dark toning on reverse and around the letters on obverse. PCGS #84929508. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stacks Bowers auction of August 2018, with original lot-tag 42284).

Colombia, copper-nickel 10 centavos, 1974, NGC Mint Error MS 65, obverse die cap. Restrepo-384.3; KM-253. Lustrous obverse with large area of raised extra metal around part of edge, reverse slick, the result of the coin having stuck to the die and sticking to it for multiple successive strikes, a desirable and eye-catching error. NGC #5961073-001.

Colombia, copper-nickel 10 centavos, 1974, NGC Mint Error MS 64, struck 60% off-center. Restrepo-384.3; KM-253. Brightly lustrous, a well-placed centering error showing the bottom half of the obverse (with date) and top half of reverse (with denomination), the rest of the flan blank. NGC #5961073-002.

Costa Rica (Central American Republic), gold 1/2 escudo, 1848 JB, NGC AU 58. KM-13.1. 1.55 grams. Decent luster and strike, light high-point wear, popular series. NGC #5965633-003.

Costa Rica, 2 reales, female head / ceiba tree double countermark (Type III, 1845) on a Seville, Spain, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1776 CF. KM-unl (cf 36). 5.28 grams. Fine countermarks on VG host with nice toning, nearly full details, the host date bold and popular with US collectors, the host mint unlisted in KM (not particularly rare, just an oversight).

Costa Rica, 2 reales, female head / ceiba tree double countermark (Type III, 1845) on a Seville, Spain, bust 4 reales de vellon, Joseph Napoleon, 1812. KM-40. 5.64 grams. Host and countermarks Fine, with toning around details, all elements clear. Note: the printed catalog states the mint location as Madrid in error.

Costa Rica, gold 1 escudo, double lion countermark (Type VI, 1849-57) on a Central American Republic 1 escudo 1847 JB, NGC AU 58, c/s AU strong. KM-84. Bold strike and countermarks with contrasting red toning around details, some luster and high-point wear. NGC #5961757-002.

Costa Rica, 50 centavos, lion counterstamp (Type VII, 1889) on a Bogota, Colombia, 50 centavos, 1882, PCGS Fine detail / scratch, c/m XF detail. KM-134.1 (host Restrepo-308.11). Lightly toned and with traces of luster, actually interesting for the natural flaws on the host, including a lamination error behind the head and a 3/4-circular die-crack on obverse, but also with scratches on that side and rim weakness on reverse. PCGS #85752634. Pedigreed to the Eldorado collection (Stacks Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42083).

Costa Rica, gold 2 escudos, 1858 GW, NGC AU 53. KM-99. Better date and grade, with nice luster and traces of toning, bolder centers than usual, second highest grade in NGC census behind a pair of AU 55's. NGC #4930028-004.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 1 colon, 1954 BCCR, NGC Mint Error AU 55, curved clip at 8:00. KM-186.1. Lightly blue-toned with decent luster but light marks, small but noticeable clip (net weight not stated on label). NGC #4735718-002. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 50 centimos, 1968 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 64, broadstruck. KM-189.3. Lustrous and very lightly rainbow toned, with raised and expanded rims due to error striking without retaining collar. NGC #4735693-014. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 50 centimos, 1968 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 65, curved clip at 8:00. KM-189.3. 6.63 grams Choice luster, faint rainbow toning on obverse, prominent edge-clip error. NGC #4735710-011. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 25 centimos, 1948 BNCR, NGC Mint Error MS 67 ("top pop"), struck 10% off center. KM-175. Brightly lustrous and nearly flawless (in fact, top grade at NGC for this date, the error notwithstanding), with all design visible despite off-center strike. NGC #4735718-006. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 25 centimos, 1974 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 65, struck 10% off center. KM-188.1. Frosty luster with hint of rainbow toning, full details in spite of the off-center strike. NGC #4735693-028. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, brass 10 centimos, 1947 BNCR, NGC Mint Error MS 65 ("top pop"), struck 30% off center. KM-180. Bright brass color with nice luster and traces of rainbow toning, full denomination and date and country name despite the egregious centering error, currently tied with six other non-error examples for finest in the NGC census. NGC #4735718-005. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, brass 10 centimos, 1947 BNCR, NGC Mint Error MS 63, partial collar with reverse brockage. KM-180. Light brass color with much original luster, minor disturbance on obverse but about 70% of reverse obstructed with a reverse image of the obverse caused by a previous coin (offset) sticking to the reverse die, also with partially raised rim due to metal flow into the collar. NGC #4735718-004. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 10 centimos, 1958 BCCR, NGC Mint Error UNC details, double struck with obverse indent / reverse wheel mark. KM-185.1a. Very brightly lustrous, with ghosting of letters due to the faint doubling and egregious void on the date with associated protrusion of the metal past the usual edge, machine-made diagonal haziness on reverse. NGC #4735717-011. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 10 centimos, 1969 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 63, struck 40% off center. KM-185.2. Muted luster, some dark encrustation in crevices, egregious centering error with associated gouge near edge in blank area on reverse. NGC #4735717-001. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 10 centimos, 1976 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 63, obverse half of lamination. KM-185.2. 0.91 gram. Decent luster and light color, the entire obverse peeled off (de-laminated) in the mintage process. NGC #4735717-014. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, nickel 10 centimos, 1976 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 65, reverse struck thru capped die. KM-185.2. Good luster and light blue toning on obverse, the reverse almost completely replaced with mirror image of obverse due to a prior coin sticking to the die and capping it, causing a slightly raised rim as well. NGC #4735710-027. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, nickel-plated steel 10 centimos, 1979 BCCR, NGC Mint Error UNC details, struck 15% off center / reverse wheel mark. KM-185.2b. Brightly lustrous and choice, with egregious centering error but full details, machine-made diagonal area of haziness near top-left edge on reverse. NGC #4735717-018. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 5 centimos, 1967 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 65, double struck with second strike off center. KM-184.1a. Frosty luster with faint light blue toning, the bold second strike very much off-center and protruding from the edge, strong die-polish lines on reverse. NGC #4735710-009. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 5 centimos, 1967 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 64, struck 10% off center. KM-184.1a. Nice luster and faint blue color, nearly full details despite the improper centering. NGC #4735710-010. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 5 centimos, 1969 BCCR, NGC Mint Error UNC details, struck 15% off center / reverse wheel mark. KM-184.2. Slightly muted luster and faint color, nearly full details despite the improper centering, light marks and subtle machine-made haziness on parts of reverse. NGC #4735710-015. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, copper-nickel 5 colones, 1975 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 67 ("top pop"), struck 10% off center. KM-203. Lustrous and nearly flawless, with full details despite the improper centering, top grade in the NGC census for this commemorative of the 25th anniversary of the Central Bank. NGC #1527016-005. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 10 colones, 1985 BCCR, NGC Mint Error UNC details, struck 25% off center / reverse wheel mark. KM-215.2. Good luster and only faint marks, the centering error rather striking since it is an octagonal design on a round planchet, small area of machine-made haze near center of reverse. NGC #4735693-025. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 5 colones, 1983 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 64, double struck, 2nd strike off center. KM-214.1. Good luster but slightly grainy surfaces per the issue, the greatly offset double-strike protruding from the edge and disrupting the artistic effect of an octagonal design on a round planchet. NGC #4735693-022. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, nickel-plated steel 2 colones, 1982 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 62, struck on 1 Colon planchet. KM-211.1. 3.15 grams; 21mm. Choice luster, slightly grainy surfaces per the issue, slightly off-center but with full details despite being struck on the wrong-size flan. NGC #4735710-006. Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Costa Rica, stainless steel 1 colon, 1989 BCCR, NGC Mint Error MS 63, struck 10% off center. KM-210. Brightly lustrous, with black encrustation on E of REPUBLICA, full details in spite of the centering error. NGC #4735693-005 Pedigreed to the Tamarindo Collection of Costa Rican Error Coins and Paper Money.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 20 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 61. KM-21. Strong luster, light bagmarks, no wear. NGC #5960044-001.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 10 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 60. KM-20. Good luster, faint hint of toning, light bagmarks. NGC #5960044-002.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 5 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 63. KM-19. Strong cartwheel luster with prominent halo of flash around bust, minimal bagmarks. NGC #5960044-003.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 5 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 62. KM-19. Light red toning over luster, minimal bagmarks. NGC #6096964-012.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 4 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 62. KM-18. Very light in color but with tinges of toning, nice luster, minimal bagmarks. NGC #5960044-004.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 2 pesos, 1915, NGC MS 62. KM-17. Light yellow color and good luster, minimal bagmarks and trace of high-point wear. NGC #5960044-005.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia Mint), gold 2 pesos, 1916, NGC MS 62. KM-17. Light yellow color with nice luster, minimal bagmarks. NGC #2851708-006.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 1 peso, 1915, NGC MS 67. KM-16. Strong luster with frosty halo around head, light yellow color, no marks or wear at all, near specimen-quality surfaces, within the top 10% of graded examples. NGC #5960044-006.

Cuba (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold deep-cameo proof 1 peso, 1916, PCGS PR67DCAM ("top pop"). KM-16. Bright mirror fields with frosty details, practically flawless, tied with one other for finest in PCGS census with just one other at NGC but none higher. PCGS #34293601.

Cuba, 10 centavos, 1948, NGC MS 65, ex-Rudman. KM-A12. Frosty and bright, non-toned, with just a few minor bagmarks, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #548546-005. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Cuba, proof "souvenir" peso ("Bay of Pigs" exile issue), 1965, lettered edge, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo ("top pop"). KM-XM6. Near-perfect cameo (only tiny breaks in the frost), top grade at NGC (the census not yet updated to include the lettered-edge variety in PFUC), scarce issue struck as a fund-raiser for the Agency for Cuban Numismatics in Exile imitating the design of the famous 1897 "souvenir peso" issued by the Cuban Revolutionary Junta in New York. NGC #5913131-002.

Cuba, proof "souvenir" peso ("Bay of Pigs" exile issue), 1965, lettered edge, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo. KM-XM6. Choice cameo with just a few tiny breaks in the frost, scarce issue struck as a fund-raiser for the Agency for Cuban Numismatics in Exile imitating the design of the famous 1897 "souvenir peso" issued by the Cuban Revolutionary Junta in New York. NGC #5913131-013.

Cuba, gold 100 pesos, 1988, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69. KM-215. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 50 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in bright yellow gold, virtually flawless (just one tiny bagmark in obverse field), currently tied with four others for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 70. NGC #5964210-001. With original Banco Nacional de Cuba certificate of authenticity and display box for a five-coin denomination set (originally housing this coin and the next four lots).

Cuba, gold 50 pesos, 1988, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69. KM-214. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, reportedly only 12 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in light yellow gold, faint friction mark at bottom of bust only, enough to keep it from the perfect MS 70, of which there is one at NGC, the present piece currently tied with four others for second finest. NGC #5964210-002.

Cuba, gold 25 pesos, 1988, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69 ("top pop"). KM-213. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 50 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in bright yellow gold tinged with a hint of incipient toning, faint spot of friction below eye to keep it from a perfect MS 70, of which there are none in the NGC census, this coin therefore currently sharing the top spot with five others. NGC #5964210-003.

Cuba, gold 15 pesos, 1988, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69 ("top pop"). KM-212. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 50 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in light yellow gold with the faintest of friction below the eye and a tiny bagmark in reverse field, currently tied with three others for finest in the NGC census. NGC #5964210-004.

Cuba, gold 10 pesos, 1988, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69. KM-211. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 50 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in bright yellow gold, with faint obverse rim-bruise keeping it from a perfect MS 70 (of which there are a few in the NGC census). NGC #5964210-005.

Cuba, gold piefort 50 pesos, 1989, Jose Marti, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, ex-Rudman. KM-214. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 15 pieces struck in Proof, with flashy mirror surfaces in bright yellow gold, no marks but some faint surface speckling, currently tied with three others for finest known in the NGC census. NGC #5715547-003. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Cuba, gold 15 pesos, 1990, Jose Marti, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo, ex-Rudman (stated on label). KM-212. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 12 pieces struck in Proof, with flashy mirror surfaces in bright yellow gold tinged with a hint of red toning and a couple tiny dark spots, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #4916931-016. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Cuba, gold 15 pesos, 1990, Jose Marti, NGC MS 69, ex-Rudman (stated on label). KM-212. Scarce issue imitating the 1915-16 design from Philadelphia, only 15 pieces struck, with frosty matte surfaces in bright yellow gold, two tiny dots of red on reverse, currently tied with two others for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 70. NGC #4916931-007. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Cuba, proof silver 20 pesos, 1977, Antonio Maceo, NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo. KM-40. Bright and frosty, with very minor friction on highest points. NGC # 4929451-003.

Cuba, proof silver 20 pesos, 1977, Maximo Gomez, NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo. KM-39. Bright and frosty, with very minor friction on highest points. NGC #4929451-002.

Cuba, proof silver 20 pesos (2 oz), 1988, Camilo Cienfuegos, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo ("top pop"). KM-236. Massive coin (barely fits in a regular NGC holder), bright and frosty, with tiny bit of friction on nose and faint haze in fields on reverse, currently tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #2097090-006.

Cuba, proof silver 10 pesos, 1988, 60th Anniversary of Birth of Ernesto "Che" Guevara, NGC PF 66 Ultra Cameo. KM-163. Brilliant cameo with high-relief bust, no discernible marks or friction but perhaps just a tad too milky for higher grade. NGC #2097092-018.

Cuba, piefort silver 10 pesos, 1990, XI Pan American Games Havana 1991 / volleyball, NGC PF 66 Cameo, ex-Rudman. KM-292. Thick and heavy piefort (rare, no others listed in the NGC census), with bright surfaces covered in oddly worm-like texture but no discernible marks or friction. NGC #4503123-007. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Cuba, silver 3 pesos, 1992, NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo, Ex-Rudman. KM-346. Brilliant luster with minor bagmarks and high-point friction, low-mintage off-metal proof (500 made, the regular issue in nickel-plated steel), second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #4476922-012. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Czechoslovakia, gold dukat, 1933, Kremnitz mint, NGC MS 65. KM-8. Nice luster and color, bagmarks on obverse only, which shows a portrait of the martyred Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, better known as "Good King Wenceslas" of Christmas carol fame (more accurately a carol for the Feast of St. Stephen, the day after Christmas). NGC #5962291-003.

Danish West Indies, gold 4 daler, Christian IX, 1905, mint master P, moneyer GJ, PCGS MS65. KM-72. Lustrous, bright white gold with minor bagmarks, a two-year type (1904-5) that is popular as the last gold coins struck before the sale of the Danish West Indies to the United States at the end of 1916, now known as the U.S. Virgin Islands. PCGS #37370380.

Danish West Indies, small uniface brass 5 cents token, D.O.C., ca. 1890, unique, ex-Byrne, Higgie Plate. Higgie-408A. 4.41 grams. A spartan design with incuse D.O.C. above 5c stamped onto one side, the other side blank but both sides with toothed rims, evidently unique, as it seems the same piece that Higgie published in 1962 ("used by the Danish East India Company in the Danish West Indies") kept coming up for sale over the intervening decades. Most likely this was an issue that was generally melted down during WWII, and the meaning of the D.O.C. letters was lost in the process. Aged brass color with toning in details, minor spots of verdigris and a few old marks, VF overall, with offset ghosts of the C and 5 from previous stamping(s). Plate piece #408A in Higgie's The Colonial Coinage of the U.S. Virgin Islands (1962), pedigreed to the Christensen auction of May 1973 (lot #105) and to the Ray Byrne collection (Jess Peters, June 1975, lot #400), also pedigreed to the Hornung (Copenhagen) auction of October 1983 (lot #456).

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, copper 2 maravedis, Charles-Joanna, assayer F, very rare. S-SD1; KM-41; Cal-17. 0.91 grams. While the 4 maravedis of this series is relatively common due to hoards, the 2 maravedis is rarely seen, this example being on the second we have offered. The inner details are full (mintmark S-P flanking crowned pillars on obverse, assayer F and denomination II flanking a large crowned Y on reverse), also with some legend that shows parts of CAROLVS and IOHANA (not enough to identify the exact Estrella number, but in fact more likely unlisted), VF overall with typically dark and oxidized surfaces but no visible rust or verdigris, also with intact edge, a premium specimen of a very rare type.

Dominican Republic (struck at the Heaton Mint), copper-nickel proof 2-1/2 centavos, 1888-HH, NGC PF 64, ex-Rudman. KM-7.4. Faintly blue- and rose-toned mirrorlike surfaces with minor bagmarks, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #3236030-019. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic (struck at the Paris Mint), copper-nickel 2-1/2 centavos, 1888-A, PCGS MS 64, ex-Rudman KM-7.3. Good luster, faint bagmarks, tied with one other for finest in PCGS census (but with others in higher grade at NGC). PCGS #81251496. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, gold proof 100 pesos (1 oz medallic coinage), 1980, Enriquillo, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo, finest known in NGC census. KM-X3. Gorgeous proof in rich (pure) gold with reverse design of a pillar dollar and obverse with portrait of the Taino cacique Enriquillo (who had rebelled against the Spanish in the early 1500s), just a couple trivial bagmarks and faint friction on bust, a very scarce non-circulating issue of which only about 15 were struck, this example being the only one in PFUC at NGC. NGC #6271286-001.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel 25 centavos, 1967, MS 67 ("top pop"), Ex-Rudman. KM-20a.1. Strong cartwheel luster, minimal light bagmarks, currently tied with six others for finest in NGC census. The portrait on this series (through lot 1012) is the same bust of Enriquillo as on the previous lot, not a "native princess" as stated in KM. NGC #2108699-016. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, silver 10 centavos, 1961, NGC MS 67 ("top pop"), ex-Rudman. KM-19. Strong luster all over, faint rainbow toning on reverse, minimal bagmarks, currently tied with ten others for finest in NGC census. NGC #4476924-060. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel 10 centavos, 1973, NGC MS 68 ("top pop"), ex-Rudman. KM-19a. Bold strike, strong luster all over, trace of friction on cheek, currently tied with fourteen others for finest in NGC census. NGC #2101511-026. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel 10 centavos, 1973, NGC MS 67, ex-Rudman. KM-19a. Bright luster and bold strike, small bagmarks on back of head, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #5715572-035. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Dominican Republic, copper-nickel 10 centavos, 1986, NGC MS 67, ex-Rudman. KM-60. A specimen strike, in our opinion, brilliant and prooflike, virtually flawless, second highest grade in NGC census for regular MS (but would be finest known for SP). NGC #5715563-012. Pedigree to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Quito, Ecuador, 8 reales, 1846 GJ, rare, NGC AU 55. Seppa-70; KM-32. Deeply toned over reflective fields with considerable original mint luster for the assigned grade, a rare and popular one-year type (only 1386 pieces struck) in beautifully artistic design (similar to the 5 francos of 1858) that has the distinction of being the only Ecuadorian 8 reales (old Spanish standard). NGC #5969618-001.

Egypt (Ottoman Empire), gold 500 qirsh, Abdul Aziz, AH1277//11 (1870-71), Cairo mint (Misr), NGC MS 63 ("top pop"). KM-265; Fr-78. Large gold coin with lustrous open fields (nearly prooflike) displaying minimal marks and no wear, from a short series and desirable as the highest denomination (mintage of only 200 pieces) made in only four years, which Friedberg simply calls “Rare” without value in UNC, as many were made into jewelry, this example in fact exceptional and choice for the assigned grade (in our opinion the finest ever to come up for auction) and currently tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #1883694-001.

San Salvador, El Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1832, no assayer, PROBICIONAL and SALVADORE, NGC VF details / tooled. KM-11 (for type). Broad flan with gorgeous rainbow toning over luster, slightly off-center strike, with a series of old, faint scratches above date for the "tooled" limiter, full details including a cluster of eleven dots in legend to right of date that some believe is a symbol for the assayer (Type C2 in Yonaka and Jovel). Curiously, the R of the denomination appears to have been re-stamped in the die, making it much bolder than the rest of the details. All in all, a premium coin despite the "details" grade. NGC #5961187-006.

El Salvador, 2 reales, zigzag test mark (Type II, 1834-5) on obverse of Lima, Peru, 2 reales, 1828 JM, rare, NGC VF 25, finest known in NGC census. KM-103. Very strong countermark in left field on Liberty side, with deep and rich rainbow toning all over, traces of luster around details, hefty rims, the finer of just two straight-graded examples in the NGC census. NGC #5929023-010.

El Salvador, 8 reales, R-in-beaded-circle countermark (Type IV, 1862) on a Guatemala 8 reales 1859 R, very rare, NGC VF 30, c/s XF standard. KM-99. 24.38 grams. Full countermark on a lightly worn host with contrasting toning in crevices, one of three at the VF level at NGC that are technically tied for second finest behind a single AU 53. The El Salvador Type IV-countermarked 8 reales is one of the great crown-sized rarities of Latin America, with reportedly only five pieces known, none having crossed the auction block in recent decades, hence the current example is an important opportunity and worth pursuit by astute collectors. NGC #5965629-013.

El Salvador, 4 reales, R-in-beaded-circle countermark (Type IV, 1862) on a Guatemala 4 reales 1861 R, rare, NGC VF 30, c/s XF standard. KM-96. 12.07 grams. Full countermark on a lightly worn host with contrasting toning in crevices, a few minor marks only, one of three at the VF level at NGC that are technically tied for second finest behind a single AU 55, the example additionally desirable for the fact that the countermark was placed upright relative to Carrera's bust. NGC #5965629-014.

El Salvador, 1/2 real, R-in-beaded-circle countermark (Type IV, 1862) on a Guatemala 1/2 real 1861 R. KM-83. 1.39 grams. Nearly full countermark (the R bold) on a lightly worn host (VF) with full details except for flat area on reverse opposite the countermark, nicely toned all over.

El Salvador, 2 reales, arms countermark (Type V, 1868) twice on a Potosi, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles III, 1778 PR. KM-55. 5.98 grams. VG host (unevenly worn, the date weak but the mintmark bold) with Fine countermark (also a bit uneven) that was punched onto the coin twice (slightly offset), all richly toned and interesting.

Equatorial Guinea, gold proof 1 ekuele, 1982, visit by Pope John Paul II, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo ("top pop"). KM-unl; Fr-20. A very scarce 2-oz gold commemorative of the visit of Pope John Paul II to Equatorial Guinea on February 18, 1982, the fields very deeply mirrored and the details frosty and totally devoid of any marks, one of three at this top grade in the current NGC census. NGC #4224578-001. Pedigreed to the Heritage auction of April 2016, lot 29829.

France (Paris mint), gold louis d'or a l'ecu, Louis XIV, 1690-A, NGC AU 58. Gad-250; Dupl-1435A; KM-278.1. Broad flan with strong rims, hint of luster, minimal wear, some reddish encrustation in crevices, traces of undercoin details, re-punched 0 in date, desirable grade. NGC #5962291-002.

France (Lille mint), gold louis d'or aux deux L, Louis XV, 1722-W, rare, struck over a double louis d'or de Noialles of 1716-18, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Gad-337; Dupl-1635; KM-461.17. 9.73 grams. Choice luster and sharp details, with much of the undercoin visible (particularly the cruciform shields on reverse), minor die-rust granularity on bust and delamination on obverse rim at 3-4 o'clock, broad flan with strong rims, rare date/mint in exceptional grade. NGC #5969226-001.

France (Paris mint), gold louis d'or Mirliton, Louis XV, 1724-A, NGC MS 61. Gad-345; Dupl-1637; KM-470.1. 6.52 grams. Bold and lustrous, with diagonal streaks of laminations on obverse but choice grade, in fact second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62, which happens to be lot 333 in this auction (ex-Chameau). NGC #6268663-010.

France (Strasbourg mint), gold double louis d'or au bandeau, Louis XV, 1759-BB, NGC AU details / obverse cleaned. Gad-346; Dupl-1642; KM-519.4. 16.13 grams. Bold details with light red toning in crevices, some wear but no harsh hairlines. NGC #5969226-003.

France (Lyon mint), gold louis d'or au bandeau, Louis XV, 1755-D, NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census. Gad-346; Dupl-1642; KM-unl; Fr-unl. 8.08 grams. Some luster but also some wear, with trace of diagonal lamination on obverse and adjustment marks on reverse, this date/mint oddly missing in KM and Friedberg. NGC #5969226-002.

France (Reims mint), gold 1/2 louis d'or au bandeau, Louis XV, 1746-S, NGC XF 45. Gad-330; Dupl-1644; KM-517.7. 4.04 grams. Light, even wear, crude rims (as made), traces of adjustment marks on bottom of reverse, second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 58. NGC #5969226-007.

France (Paris mint), gold louis d'or aux lunettes, Louis XVI, 1778-A, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Gad-359; Dupl-1704; KM-567.1. Choice bold strike that is slightly but noticeably doubled on obverse, encrustation in crevices, small lamination behind head and faint adjustment marks on reverse, scarce type, this example the only one slabbed by NGC so far. NGC #5962291-001.

France (Paris mint), gold louis d'or a la tete nue, Louis XVI, 1787-A, NGC AU 53. Gad-361; Dupl-1707; KM-591.1. Fairly strong and problem-free strike with traces of luster and not much wear. NGC #6268663-009.

France (Paris mint), gold louis d'or de 24 livres, Louis XVI, 1793-A, L'An 5, rare, NGC AU 50. Gad-61; Dupl-1717; KM-617.1; Fr-477. 7.50 grams. Rare and popular final gold issue of Louis XVI, actually struck after his execution on January 21, 1793, in fact within the short period of January 26-February 5, then replaced with an identical coin except with a Republique Francaise obverse showing the 24-livres denomination in center. Historically significant and difficult to find in undamaged grade, this example with bold strike, light toning and luster in legends, traces of adjustment marks, only light wear. NGC #5969226-004.

France (Bordeaux mint), gold 20 francs, Napoleon I, 1811-K, NGC AU 50. Gad-1025; KM-695.4; Fr-513. 6.41 grams. Light marks and wear, traces of luster, light yellow color. NGC #5969226-011. Note: Printed catalog says mintmark A in error.

France (Paris mint), gold 100 francs, Republic, 1911-A, PCGS MS63. Gad-1137a; KM-858; Fr-590. Cartwheel luster with bagmarks, attractive and popular design with an angel as the central motif. PCGS #40800773.

France (Paris mint), 5 francs, Napoleon I, 1815-A, NGC UNC details / reverse spot removed. Gad-595; KM-704.1; Dav-85. Scarce and popular issue from the "hundred days" period of Napoleon, with choice rainbow toning (deep on reverse) over muted luster, light bagmarks but no wear, subtle areas on reverse from foreign-substance contact and attempt at removal. NGC #6268663-006.

France (Paris mint), 5 francs, Louis Napoleon, 1852-A, narrow head variety, PCGS MS64. Gad-726; KM-773.1; Dav-94. Somewhat prooflike and blazingly lustrous example of a scarce one-year type, struck in the final year of the Second Republic, with subtle incipient toning. PCGS #37554824.

France (Antwerp mint), copper 10 centimes, Napoleon I, 1814-W, NGC MS 62 BN. Gad-191c; KM-5.4. Traces of original color and luster, off-center, with many fine adjustment marks all over, interesting as struck during the Siege of Anvers, mint of Wolschot (Antwerp). NGC #5962267-009.

German Empire (Hamburg mint), 1 mark, 1902-J, NGC MS 63. KM-14. 5.56 grams. Lustrous and choice, with minimal tiny bagmarks only, a very rare grade for this issue and in fact second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 65. NGC #5969161-001.

England, gold 1/4 laurel (5 shillings), James I (fourth bust), third coinage (struck 1623-4), London mint, mintmark lis, NGC AU 55. Sp-2642; KM-69. 2.26 grams. Full interiors and fully readable legends, with light wear but also traces of luster, choice rich color. NGC #6054606-005.

Great Britain (London, England), gold 1/4 guinea, George I, 1718, NGC XF 45. Sp-3638; KM-555. Bold strike, nice red toning over luster, minimal wear for the assigned grade, one-year type. NGC #3752609-039.

Great Britain (London, England), gold sovereign, George III (new coinage), 1820, open-2 variety, NGC AU 50. Sp-2785C; KM-674. 7.95 grams. Trace of luster, minimal marks and only very light wear, final date for this king. NGC #5969226-009.

Great Britain (London, England), gold 1/2 sovereign, Victoria (young head), 1841, shield reverse. Sp-3859; KM-735.1. 3.96 grams. XF with traces of toning, light reddish color, scarce key date.

Great Britain (London, England), shilling, William III (first bust), 1697, no reverse stops, PCGS MS64. Sp-3497; KM-485.1. Brightly lustrous and choice, slightly uneven strike with diagonal dark spots on obverse, exceptional grade for the period. PCGS #41069656.

Great Britain, 1 dollar, George III oval countermark (1797-99) on bust of Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776 PR, NGC XF details / obverse damage, cleaned; c/s AU strong. Sp-3765A; KM-624. Ironic combination of a British countermark on a Spanish colonial coin dated 1776, the year of American independence and the beginning of Spanish undercover aid to the American revolutionaries, an issue famously nicknamed at the time "the head of a fool on the neck of an ass," this example with very bold and deeply impressed countermark, lightly worn host with pockmark in field in front of neck, a bit shiny but starting to retone in legends. NGC #6268663-001.

Great Britain, 20 pence, Elizabeth, 1998, NGC Mint Error MS 65, struck on foreign planchet. KM-990. 2.72 grams. Fascinating error with truncated seven-sided design struck onto a smaller round flan (about half the weight of a proper flan) for some other country's coinage, deeply lustrous and light gold in color, with light discoloration behind head, possibly unique. NGC #5958294-002.

Guatemala, 2 reales "moclon," crown countermark (1662, Perez Longo Type A) on shield side of a Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer T, ex-Perez Longo. Cal-838; KM-B1.3. 6.19 grams. Full countermark (XF) with diagnostic squared indent at top, the host only AVG but with clear assayer and part of king's ordinal, in addition to the cross and shield, also with partial date (1620?), toned in crevices, holed at bottom of cross. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Perez Longo collection, with his hand-written tag temporarily attributing the mark as "corona ornamentada - picos redondeados - estrecha / no clasificada - nuevo tipo IV."

Guatemala, 2 reales "moclon," crown countermark (1662, Perez Longo Type B) on shield side of a Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, ex-Perez Longo. Cal-838; KM-B1.3. 6.03 grams. Very full and choice countermark (AU) with contrasting toning in its crevices, the host coin almost slick (Fair) with just enough cross and shield to identify the mint and period, crudely holed near edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Perez Longo collection, with his hand-written tag temporarily attributing the mark as "corona ornamentada - picos agudos - ancha / no clasificada - nuevo tipo - III."

Guatemala, 2 reales "moclon," crown countermark (1662, Perez Longo Type B) on shield side of a Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible, ex-Perez Longo. Cal-838; KM-B1.4. 6.52 grams. Choice full countermark (XF), good shield details for the host grade (VG), the cross doubled and scratched, holed at top of shield and solder-mark on edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Perez Longo collection, with his hand-written tag temporarily attributing the mark as "corona ornamentada - picos agudos - estrecha / Type II ornate crown."

Guatemala, 2 reales "moclon," crown countermark (1662, Perez Longo Type C) on cross side of a Potosi, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), ex-Perez Longo (plate). Cal-838; KM-unl. 6.19 grams. Attractive early host (VG) with much legend, full P-B and full cross and shield, uneven but nearly full countermark (VF), toned in crevices, with large interior hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Perez Longo collection, also plated in his book El Moclon (2008), with his hand-written tag temporarily attributing the mark as "corona tosca, Type I, crude spiked crown."

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1739 J, with sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on pillars side. Host: JP-8R7; S-G1; KM-6; Cal-1243; c/m KM-101. 26.75 grams. Bias-struck on a perfectly square flan, with full date, indistinct countermark, rich toning, VG with a few old marks and typical hole in one corner. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1740 J. JP-8R8c; S-G1; KM-6; Cal-1246. 26.03 grams. Leaning-rectangle shape with good full crown and globes, just the tops of the digits of the date, nearly full assayer, deeply toned VG+ with hole at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1743/37 (J). JP-8R11a; S-G1; KM-6; Cal-1249. 25.80 grams. Well defined for the grade (About Good) and scarce as unholed, with full globes, full 43 of date with weak but certain overdate (very rare), toned around details. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1743 J, upside-down G in DG, ex-Reijgersdaal. JP-8R11c; S-G1; KM-6; Cal-1250. 27.17 grams. VF with bold date and choice full crown above globes, nicely toned, no corrosion, bold rotated G at 11 o'clock on shield side (the error not mentioned in Jara-Paiz). From the Reijgersdaal (1747).

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1749 J. JP-8R17b; S-G1a; KM-12; Cal-422. 26.09 grams. Nice pillars-and-waves above date (all four digits of date visible), which is scarce, also scarce as unholed, with full assayer and deep toning, About Fine with lots of small old marks. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Cayon auction of February 2009 (lot 7585).

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1752 (J). JP-8R20b; S-G1a; KM-12; Cal-426. 26.71 grams. Choice bold date below crowned globes and waves (off-center), also choice full crowned shield on other side, contrastingly toned Fine, holed at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1752 J, with sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on shield side, NGC Good 4, c/s XF weak. Host: JP-8R20b; S-G1a; KM-12; Cal-426; c/m: KM-102. 26.10 grams. Extremely bold and deep countermark (slightly doubled) with full but weak details, the host with full but off-center pillars above nearly full date, full mintmark G, full assayer and denomination, very lightly toned, scarce as unholed. NGC #5965627-015.

Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1753 J, with sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on pillars side. Host: JP-8R21; S-G1a; KM-12; Cal-427; c/m: KM-102. 26.29 grams. Broad, rectangular flan with bold 53 of date, full mintmark and denomination, deep and full countermark, richly toned About Fine with large hole in one corner. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 4 reales, 1735 (J). JP-4R3; S-G1; KM-5; Cal-1006. 12.64 grams. Prominent globes and waves above full date (scarce) with full mintmark to right, full crown above shield with bold denomination to right, toned VG+ with crude hole at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 4 reales, 1737/6 J, rare. JP-4R5a; S-G1; KM-unl (5 for type); Cal-unl (Type 131). 13.20 grams. Well-centered crowned globes with top half of date and weak but certain overdate (rare), full assayer, deeply toned About Fine, no hole, neatly seven-sided flan. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 4 reales, 1747 J. JP-4R15; S-G1a; KM-11; Cal-345. 12.80 grams. Broad triangular shape with choice full date (scarce) below full globes and waves, bold full assayer on other side, holed in one point but choice overall as VF grade, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 4 reales, 1752 (J). JP-4R20b; S-G1a; KM-11; Cal-351. 13.13 grams. Odd-shaped flan (rectangular with natural voids in middle edges), choice full date, full crowned globes above waves and crowned shield on other side, small hole at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1733 (J), rare, ex-Trastamara. JP-2R1b; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-676. 6.06 grams. Full and clear date (rare first year of issue), full but off-center globes and waves, full shield with bold denomination 2 to right, toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 300).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1734 J. JP-2R2; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-677. 6.60 grams. Choice full date (scarce) that is curiously left of center below waves (that side also struck off-center), bold full mintmark, also choice full shield with bold denomination 2 on other side, Fine with shiny black toning in crevices, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Cayon auction of March 2014 (lot 367).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1735/4 (J), rare, ex-Trastamara. JP-2R3a; S-G1; KM-unl (4 for type); Cal-678. 6.43 grams. Choice full date with bold overdate (rare) on off-center pillars side, well-detailed crown and shield on other side, nice grade (AVF) with contrasting toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 301).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1735 (J), unique error with shield side struck over earlier pillars side. JP-2R3b var; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-679. 6.05 grams. Full 735 of date, full shield with part of globe and one pillar visible above bold 17 of date on that side (either a bold flipover double-strike or a restrike with the coin flipped), Good with hole at top, light toning. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1735 J. JP-2R3b; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-679. 6.57 grams. Richly toned VG (no hole) with full 35 of date (scarce), full assayer, clear mintmark and denomination 2, king's ordinal V in legend, full crown and shield. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1736 (J). JP-2R4; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-680. 6.66 grams. Bold pillar side (slightly off-center) with choice full date (scarce), full mintmark G, well-detailed crowned shield with full denomination 2 to right, Fine with light scratches but no hole, toned on fields. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1737 (J). JP-2R5b; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-681. 6.20 grams. Broad thin flan with choice full date (scarce) below nearly full crowned globes and waves, unevenly struck VG with nice toning, small hole at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1737/6 (J), rare. JP-2R5a; S-G1; KM-unl (4 for type); Cal-unl (Type 97). 6.35 grams. Bold full date with clear overdate (rare), bold denomination 2, About Fine with deeply toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1738 (J). JP-2R6; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-682. 6.22 grams. Off-center pillars with 100% full and bold date (scarce), full mintmark and choice full denomination, lightly toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1739 (J). JP-2R7b; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-683. 6.54 grams. Full date (that side slightly off-center), well-detailed shield, lightly toned VG, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1740 J. JP-2R8; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-. 6.16 grams. Off-center pillars side with 100% full date (scarce), full mintmark, nearly full crown on other side, About Fine with toned fields, holed at edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1741/39 (J), rare. JP-2R9b; S-G1; KM-unl (4 for type); Cal-unl (Type 97). 6.17 grams. Clear upper half of date with parts of overdate distinct (rare), AVG with toned fields, small hole at edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1742 (J), rare, ex-Trastamara. JP-2R10b; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-686. 6.55 grams. Off-center pillars side with bold 42 of date (rare), small thick flan with no hole, lightly toned VG. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 305).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1743/2 (J), rare, ex-Trastamara. JP-2R11a; S-G1; KM-unl (4 for type); Cal-unl (Type 97). 6.48 grams. Small and very thick flan, off-center pillars with bold full 43/2 of date (rare overdate), nearly full shield, toned About Fine with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 306).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1744 (J). JP-2R12; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-688. 6.62 grams. Crude flan with large edge-crack, off-center pillars with bold date, choice shield on other side, bold VF with contrasting toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1745 (J), ex-Trastamara. JP-2R13; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-689. 6.22 grams. Off-center pillars side with 100% full date (scarce), good shield with full denomination 2 to right, lightly toned Fine with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 307).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1746 (J). JP-2R14; S-G1; KM-4; Cal-690. 6.46 grams. Clear tops of 746 of date (scarce), VG with some flatness but nice toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Cayon auction of March 2014 (lot 369).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1747 J. JP-2R15; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-244. 6.35 grams. Bold full date (scarce) below off-center globes and waves, full assayer on weaker shield side, deeply toned AVG with hole at edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1748 (J). JP-2R16; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-245. 6.33 grams. Full date (scarce), full denomination 2, AVG with dark contrasting toning on fields, holed at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1750 J. JP-2R18; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-247. 5.90 grams. Off-center pillars side with 100% full date (scarce), full mintmark, weaker shield side, non-toned VG, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1751 J. JP-2R19; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-248. 6.47 grams. Oddly long flan with very bold full date (scarce), well-detailed shield, full assayer, lightly toned VF with small hole at top. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1752 J. JP-2R20; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-249. 6.83 grams. Nicely toned VF with full date, mintmark, assayer and denomination, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Cayon auction of March 2014 (lot 440).

Guatemala, cob 2 reales, 1753 J. JP-2R21; S-G1a; KM-10; Cal-250. 6.51 grams. Bold 53 of date (scarce) on off-center pillars side with choice crown and full mintmark, full assayer to left of well-detailed shield, toned VF with hole in point. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1733 J, rare. JP-1R1b; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-354. 3.20 grams. Off-center pillars with 100% full and bold date (rare first year of issue), VG with deeply toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1734 (J), ex-Trastamara. JP-1R2; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-355. 3.23 grams. Off-center pillars with 100% full and bold date (scarce) and mintmark, unevenly struck AVG with nicely contrasting toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 168).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1735/4 (J), rare. JP-1R3a; S-G1; KM-unl (3 for type); Cal-unl (Type 68). 2.53 grams. Off-center pillars with full date, the last digit full but messy from the overdate, weaker shield side, Good with contrasting toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1735 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R3b; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-356. 3.01 grams. Neat shape with sharp points, choice full date (scarce), full mintmark, toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 169).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1736 J. JP-1R4; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-357. 3.21 grams. Off-center pillars with choice full date (scarce) and mintmark, full crown and shield with J to left and I to right, gray-toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1737 J. JP-1R5; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-358. 2.85 grams. Choice full date (scarce) that is noticeably offset to left relative to the globes and waves, both mintmarks full, also choice full shield with full J to left and I to right, full king's ordinal V, non-toned Fine+ with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1738 (J), ex-Trastamara. JP-1R6; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-359. 2.98 grams. Odd-shaped flan with edge-crack in corner, full pillars-and-globes with 100% full date (scarce) and mintmark, bold assayer but weaker shield, toned VG/Good, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 172).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1739 (J). JP-1R7; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-360. 3.01 grams. Choice full crown and full right pillar above 100% full date with both assayers also full, full crown on other side, toned VG+, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1740 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R8; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-361. 2.91 grams. Small thick flan with no hole, 100% full date (scarce), full denomination I, AVG with faint toning. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 174).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1741 J. JP-1R9; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-362. 3.20 grams. Bold full date (scarce) below full globes and waves, well-detailed full crown and shield on other side with full assayer to left, lightly toned Fine with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1742 J, rare. JP-1R10; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-363. 3.03 grams. Curious shape with long point past the 100% full date, VG with deeply toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1743 (J). JP-1R11b; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-365. 2.83 grams. Triangular flan with bold full date (scarce) and mintmark, well-detailed shield, VG with toned fields, holed in point. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1744 (J). JP-1R12; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-366. 3.37 grams. Off-center strike with choice full date (scarce), bold denomination, non-toned Fine with no hole, thick flan. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1745 (J). JP-1R13; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-367. 3.20 grams. Full 174 and most of 5 of date (scarce), bold mintmark, weaker shield side, non-toned AVG/Good with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1746 J. JP-1R14; S-G1; KM-3; Cal-368. 3.12 grams. Bold full date (scarce), full assayer, well-centered strike, VG/Good with darkly toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1747 J, inverted mintmark G, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R15b; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-126. 3.05 grams. Triangular flan with choice full date (scarce) and bold inverted mintmark (normal for this period but rarely seen so clearly), full assayer and denomination, bold Fine with toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 817).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1748 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R16; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-127. 3.22 grams. Choice full date (scarce), good full crown and globes, well-detailed but off-center shield with full assayer to left, deeply toned AVF with no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 818).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1749 (J), rare. JP-1R17; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-128. 2.77 grams. Small, thick, square flan with choice full date and crown, the shield on the other side full and well detailed, richly toned AVF, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1750 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R18; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-129. 3.13 grams. Broad, thin, rectangular flan with choice full date (scarce) and mintmark, incomplete shield, no hole, Fine with contrastingly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 819).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1751 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R19; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-130. 3.34 grams. Choice full date (scarce) and crown and mintmark, off-center shield with bold full assayer and king's ordinal VI, attractively toned AVF, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 821).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1752 J, ex-Trastamara. JP-1R20; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-131. 3.44 grams. Broad flan with 100% full date (scarce), two full mintmarks (one bold), well-detailed full crown and shield with J to left and I to right, choice grade (VF+) and strike, also elegantly toned and without the usual hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 822).

Guatemala, cob 1 real, 1753 J. JP-1R21; S-G1a; KM-9; Cal-132. 3.04 grams. Odd-shaped flan with full date (scarce) below full crown, globes and waves, full mintmark and assayer, slightly porous AVF with patchy dark toning, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1733 J, denomination 1/2, rare. JP-MR1c; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-111. 1.50 grams. Well-centered crowned globes with most of date (clear) below, full crowned shield on other side with assayer J to left and just enough of the denomination to attribute the variety, deeply toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1733 J, denomination +, rare. JP-MR1d; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-110. 1.42 grams. Choice full pillars-and-globes with 100% full date and mintmark, also full shield with bold assayer and denomination and 100% full PHILIP V, toned Fine with two holes at top (one normal and the other tiny).

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1734 J. JP-MR2; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-112. 1.62 grams. Bold and choice AVF with contrasting toning, lots of detail including full date (scarce) and mintmark, full crowned shield with bold assayer to left and denomination "+" to right. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1735/4 J, rare. JP-MR3a; S-G1; KM-unl (2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 46). 1.71 grams. Choice AVF with lovely toning, lots of bold detail including 100% full date with the rare overdate clear, full crowned shield with bold assayer to left and denomination "+" to right, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Cayon auction of March 2014 (lot 363).

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1736 (J). JP-MR4; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-114. 1.49 grams. Good full date (scarce), off-center shield with bold denomination "+", VG with deeply toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to Sedwick Auction 6 (lot 1187).

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1737/6 J. JP-MR5a; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-115. 1.56 grams. Superb full date (off-center) with the rare overdate clear, full mintmark, well-centered full shield with assayer to left and denomination "+" to right, richly toned Fine+, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to Sedwick Auction 13 (lot 1380).

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1738 (J). JP-MR6; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-117. 1.57 grams. Full date (scarce), full mintmark, off-center shield with full denomination "+" to right, lightly toned VG with tiny hole near one corner. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1739 J. JP-MR7; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-118. 1.36 grams. Thin broad flan with extended blank area below the full and bold date , two mintmarks, full crown above shield with full assayer to left, Fine with toned fields, no hole except for an attempt in the blank part. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1740 (J). JP-MR8; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-119. 1.43 grams. Very bold full date (scarce), full denomination I with very faint crossbar, VG with contrastingly toned fields, two holes near edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1741/0 (J), error denomination I (no crossbar), rare (unlisted). JP-MR9a var; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-120. 1.54 grams. Off-center pillars with very bold full date with clear overdate (rare) that is offset to left relative to the waves, also full and bold mintmark, the full and bold denomination on the other side clearly just an I without a crossbar (an unlisted variety), Fine with contrastingly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1741 J. JP-MR9b; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-121. 1.35 grams. Oddly roundish flan with bold 741 of date (scarce) and full mintmark on off-center pillars side, weaker shield with full denomination (I with crossbar), lightly toned AVG with plugged hole near edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1743 J, denomination "1/2", rare. JP-MR11a; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-124. 1.42 grams. Long wedge-shaped flan with large hole in point, full pillars with bold date below, weaker shield with full denomination (1 over 2), toned About Fine. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1744 (J), denomination "1/2". JP-MR12a; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-126. 1.54 grams. Bold 744 of date (scarce), also bold full mintmark and full denomination (1 over 2) to right of full shield, richly toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1745 (J), denomination "1/2". JP-MR13; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-unl (Type 46). 1.54 grams. Small flan with choice full (offset) date (scarce) below full crown, globes, pillars and waves, full denomination (1 over 2 with no crossbar, the 2 running into the lower ornament) to right of full shield, darkly toned Fine+ with light surface porosity, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1746 J, denomination "1/2", very rare, ex-Trastamara. JP-MR14; S-G1; KM-2; Cal-129. 1.48 grams. Full date (described in Trastamara as "unica conocida," but this is not the plate coin in JP, so at least two are known), full denomination and nice centers, toned Fine, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection and to the Trastamara collection (Aureo auction of May 2014, lot 78).

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1747 J, denomination "+". JP-MR15; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-21. 1.54 grams. Somewhat rectangular flan enabling a full date (scarce), assayer, king's ordinal VI and denomination "+", AVF with spotty toning, some surface porosity but no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1748 J. JP-MR16; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-22. 1.59 grams. Sharply squarish flan with choice, bold, 100% full date (scarce), full assayer and denomination "+", toned AVF with slight surface porosity but no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1749 J. JP-MR17; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-23. 1.47 grams. Small flan with bold full date (scarce) and assayer, king's ordinal VI in legend, off-center VG with toned fields, holed near edge. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1750 (J). JP-MR18; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-24. 1.60 grams. Small thick flan with full date (scarce), bold pillars and shield, Fine+ with deeply toned fields, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1751 (J). JP-MR19; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-25. 1.57 grams. Clear 751 of date (scarce, the final digit re-punched), full mintmark, weaker shield, slightly grainy VG/AG, no hole. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1752 J. JP-MR20; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-26. 1.48 grams. Bold full date (scarce) on well-centered pillars side, weaker shield with full assayer to left, VG with toned fields, holed near center. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, cob 1/2 real, 1753 (J). JP-MR21; S-G1a; KM-8; Cal-27. 1.29 grams. Oddly long, wedge-shaped flan with crude peripheries and large hole in point, full date with re-punched 3 (scarce), nearly full shield with lacuna at bottom and strange scallop-edge die-debris across assayer (same as JP plate coin), VG+ with toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Antigua collection.

Guatemala, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1758 J, NGC XF 45. Cal-436; KM-18. 26.88 grams. Very bold strike enhanced by dark toning around details, slightly off-center strike, really an attractive coin for the grade, variety with no abacus at the top of each pillar (Yonaka-G8-58b). NGC #5964168-001.

Guatemala, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1768 P, PCGS VF25. Cal-1000; KM-27. Smooth fields with nice, rich toning all over, slightly crude rims (as made), generally scarce date but the normal variety (Yonaka-G8-68a). PCGS #40867159.

Guatemala, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1769 P. Cal-1052; KM-26. 13.37 grams. Lustrous XF with very light toning turning dark near top rim on shield side, scratches at 9-10 o'clock on that side, scarce date and variety with inverted N in VNUM (Yonaka-G4-69).

Guatemala, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1808 M, very rare, NGC MS 61, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Stuart. Cal-1590; KM-70. Lustrous and choice, with all elements of strike perfectly detailed and the fields satin smooth save for a couple trivial marks, first year of a very rare type encompassing just three non-consecutive dates (1808, 1811 and 1817), undergraded in our opinion but without rival in any case, assuredly finest known and with a celebrated pedigree to boot. NGC #4427731-006. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart collection (stated on special label).

Guatemala, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815 M, NGC MS 61. Cal-1228; KM-69. 27.02 grams. Nice luster with rainbow toning in legends, slight central weakness keeping it from a higher grade (as no problems otherwise), choice nonetheless (second highest grade in NGC census). NGC #5964168-002.

Guatemala, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 M, NGC AU 58. Cal-1236; KM-69. 26.90 grams. Bright white with non-toned luster (especially the reverse), choice strike, faint marks and hairlines. NGC #5964168-003.

Guatemala, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1811 M, rare. Cal-794; KM-67. 6.51 grams. Deeply toned XF with light surface pitting (especially on the reverse), weak date, seldom-seen key date for the type.

Guatemala, 1 real proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808-PGA, FERDIN variety, NGC MS 62, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-545; Medina-296; Grove-F60 var; Herrera-16 var. 3.29 grams. Highly lustrous and well struck, with flan bulge bottom left of bust and perhaps a little high-point wear on reverse, overall exceptional for a piece that is usually found worn and holed. It is interesting to note that both Herrera and Grove list this issue with just the initials PG and not PGA (for engraver Pedro Garcia Aguirre) below the bust, which Medina says was because Herrera's was simply a defective example, but we suspect the truth is that this is actually a different variety. In any case it comes from a series of proclamation medals struck for the Real Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos (now known as the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the largest and oldest university of Guatemala) at a time when the region was under New Spain (Mexico). NGC #5965633-004.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), gold 2 escudos, 1846 A, NGC AU 58. KM-12; Fr-28. 6.69 grams. Flashy with luster, the lightly worn high points oddly rose-colored in comparison with the yellow-gold of the rest, in any case a choice example from a popular series with growing demand. NGC #5965633-005.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1824 M, NGC MS 62. KM-4. 27.01 grams Bright luster, choice strike with sharp and well-defined details (including every leaf on the ceiba tree), faint hairlines in fields as usual, desirable grade. NGC #5965627-013.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1824 M, NGC AU 53. KM-4. Lightly toned over muted luster, well-detailed strike, just a few small marks. NGC #2835978-008.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1834 M, NGC AU 58. KM-4. Deep rich toning over muted luster and faint hairlines, nice strike with minimal wear, very scarce date, tied with Richard Stuart example for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 61. NGC #5932119-002.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1836 M, coin rotation, NGC UNC details / reverse spot removed. KM-4. 27.05 grams. Choice luster with faint hint of toning, light surface hairlines plus some kind of gouge in tree (weakly struck there), also with evidence of residue-removal in field. NGC #5964168-004.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 8 reales, 1847 A. KM-4. 26.74 grams. Deeply toned XF+ with light adjustment marks on rays, rim-bump on tree side, extra metal in field above the 8.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 2 reales silver medal, 1837, Trial by Jury, NGC MS 63. Fonrobert-7227. Obverse with standing Justice holding pomegranate and two snakes under legend EL PUEBLO JUEZ.; reverse with radiant all-seeing eye above scales and sword on pedestal that says GUATA. / 1837. under legend JUICIO POR JURADOS. Choice strike, muted luster with deep rainbow toning at top of obverse, faint surface hairlines, issued after legal reforms following peasant revolts begun in 1837. NGC #5928785-026.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1 real, 1824M, NGC MS 63. KM-3. Choice strike, light rainbow toning over muted luster, small dark spot in center of tree and traces of adjustment marks at its base, scarce and desirable grade. NGC #5780854-013.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1/4 real, 1824, NGC AU 55. KM-1. Bold strike with lovely rainbow toning all over, a few faint marks and traces of wear, slightly crude rims (as made), desirable first date of series. NGC #4724416-001.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1/4 real, 1826, NGC MS 62. KM-1. Brightly lustrous and boldly struck, with just one small weak spot in leaves, diagonal die-break on trunk and base. NGC #4740700-013.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1/4 real, 1833, extremely rare, NGC Fine 15. KM-1. 0.69 gram. Important key date, a bit crude and unevenly struck but with nicely contrasting toning, one of just four in the NGC census. NGC #5964168-005.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1/4 real, 1837, NGC MS 66. KM-1. Bold and fully detailed strike, with nice luster and incipient toning, faint die-break above mountains. NGC #2843711-003.

Guatemala (Central American Republic), 1/4 real, 1842/37, PCGS MS66. KM-1. Brightly lustrous and fully detailed, no marks at all. PCGS #39614767.

Guatemala (struck at the Philadelphia mint), gold 20 quetzales, 1926, NGC MS 62. KM-246; Fr-48. Popular as a one-year type in low mintage (46,000 struck), this example with a modicum of bagmarks but rich in color and lustrous. NGC #1753935-019.

Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1881, NGC AU 53, c/s AU standard. KM-216. 24.82 grams. Lustrous and well defined by light toning around details, minimal wear for the assigned grade but with some surface hairlines. NGC #5965629-003.

Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1883, NGC AU 58, c/s UNC standard. KM-216. 24.94 grams. Good luster and minimal wear, starting to tone. NGC #5965629-006.

Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1883, NGC AU 55, c/s AU strong. KM-216. 25.00 grams. Lustrous and faintly toned, minimal wear. NGC #5965629-005.

Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Lima, Peru, 1 sol, 1893 TF, NGC MS 61, c/s UNC standard. KM-224. 24.96 grams. Bagmarked but lustrous and frosty, with faint hint of incipient toning. NGC #5965629-007. Errata Correct description below: Guatemala, 1 peso, "1/2 real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Lima, Peru, 1 sol, 1393 TF (error date), NGC MS 61, c/s UNC standard. KM-224. 24.96 grams. Bagmarked but lustrous and frosty, with faint hint of incipient toning. Likely the finest extant of this very rare combination. NGC #5965629-007.

Guatemala, 25 centavos, 1889, with star, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census. KM-205.2. Choice luster and strike, very flashy and problem-free, the finer of just two in the NGC census, second type with star replacing G at bottom. NGC #5928785-019.

Guatemala, 1 real, 1897, NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census. KM-166. Brilliant luster and sharp full details, minimal light bagmarks, exceptional grade (the finer of just two in the NGC census). NGC #5928785-033.

Guatemala, 1/2 real, 1889, NGC MS 62, finest and only example in NGC census. KM-155.2. Light luster, particularly bold rims but centers somewhat flatter, still choice and conditionally rare. NGC #5928785-030.

Guatemala, 1/2 real, 1893, large wreath and large date, NGC MS 67, finest known in NGC census. KM-164. Blazingly lustrous and almost prooflike, the centers a bit softly struck as usual and with hairline die-cracks, but notable for its flashy brilliance. NGC #5928785-027.

Guatemala, 1/4 real, 1860, NGC MS 66. KM-130. Bold strike and nice luster, with 60 of date re-engraved over larger offset digits, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 67. NGC #2847549-001.

Guatemala, copper 1 centavo, 1881, struck on an 1871 1 centavo, NGC Mint Error MS 65 RB, KM Plate (stated on label). KM-202. Lustrous with bright golden-bronze color (more like RD in our estimation), traces of undercoin visible (mostly on reverse), with diagnostic dark spot on reverse rim to prove its pedigree. NGC #5928785-043. Plate Coin in the Krause-Mishler Standard Catalog references.

Haiti, 50 centimes, AN 25 (1828), Boyer, NGC MS 62, ex-Rudman. KM-20. Deep golden-rainbow colors over luster, with slightly soft centers and die-polish lines on obverse, desirable grade. NGC #3236021-020. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Honduras (struck at the Paris Mint), copper-nickel proof 5 reales pattern, 1870-TASSET, President Medina, rare, NGC PF 64, ex-Stuart. KM-Pn12. Nice luster and frosty details, very lightly gold-toned with a few darker streaks on reverse, rare and popular pattern for a denomination that was never adopted, also noteworthy for its obverse legend recognizing Captain-General and President Jose Maria Medina (who was executed in 1878), second highest grade in NGC census behind a pair of PF 65's. NGC #4427714-001. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart collection (stated on special label) and to Sedwick Auction 21 (lot 1542).

Hungary, gold 2 ducats, Maria Teresa, 1765-KB, Kremnitz mint, NGC AU details / removed from jewelry. KM-379; Fr-179. Bold strike, rich gold color, muted luster and minimal high-point wear, slightly crude rims from mounting, popular issue showing Maria Theresa on obverse and seated Madonna and Christ Child on reverse. NGC #5968136-002.

Hungary, gold ducat, Maria Teresa, 1762-KB, Kremnitz mint, NGC AU 55. KM-329.2; Fr-180. 3.49 grams. Nice luster for the grade, bold strike with minor high-point wear, popular issue showing Maria Theresa on obverse and seated Madonna and Christ Child on reverse. NGC #5969226-010.

India (British), 1 rupee, Victoria (as Queen), no date (1862-76), NGC Mint Error VF 25, reverse brockage. KM-473. Fascinating error with entire bust of Queen Victoria visible in mirror-incuse on reverse, the obverse with fully detailed bust but weaker legend due to the brockage, caused by a previous coin sticking to the reverse die during manufacture, toned all over and remarkably well circulated in its time instead of being set aside for the error. NGC #5958294-001.

Parma (Italian States), 5 lire, Maria Luigia, 1832/15, NGC AU 58. Mont-117; KM-C30; Dav-204. Deeply rainbow toned over luster, the sharp central details somewhat frosty in comparison but with faint wear on highest points. NGC #6268663-005.

Milan, Italy (Kingdom), gold 40 lire, Napoleone I, 1812-M, "puntali sagomati" variety (halberds with shaped tips), PCGS MS61. Mont-204; KM-12; Fr-5. Rich gold color with strong luster but lots of tiny marks on obverse, rare grade (usually found in AU or lower). PCGS #37022620.

Rome, Italy (Kingdom), gold 20 lire, Vittorio Emanuele III, 1923, Fascist anniversary, NGC MS 61. KM-64; Fr-31. 6.46 grams. Rich gold color and nice luster, a few light bagmarks, with fasces on reverse in commemoration of the one-year anniversary of the Fascist "March on Rome" in 1922 that brought Mussolini to power. NGC #5969226-006.

Japan (Osaka mint), gold 10 yen, Emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 33 (1900), PCGS MS65+. KM-Y33; Fr-51; JNDA-01-7. Superb cartwheel luster and satin-smooth surfaces save for just a couple minuscule bagmarks, matching the highest grade at NGC and second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS66. PCGS #40618610.

Japan (Osaka mint), gold 10 yen, Emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 41 (1908), PCGS MS63. KM-Y33; Fr-51; JNDA-01-7. Rich gold color and nice luster, light bagmarks on reverse. PCGS #3686371.

Japan (Osaka mint), gold 10 yen, emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 42 (1909), PCGS MS65+. KM-Y33; Fr-51; JNDA-01-7. Blazingly lustrous and satin smooth, with faint friction marks in just a couple places, only half a grade away from top grade of MS66 at both PCGS and NGC. PCGS #40618603.

Japan (Osaka mint), gold 5 yen, Emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 45 (1912), PCGS MS64. KM-Y32; Fr-52; JNDA-01-8. Rich gold color with somewhat muted luster, faint bagmarks only. PCGS #15993922.

Japan (Osaka mint), 50 sen, Emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 4 (1871), three spines variety, PCGS MS65. KM-Y4a.1; JNDA-01.13A. Superb cartwheel luster with light golden toning on and near rims. PCGS #80066206.

Japan (Osaka mint), proof 20 sen, Emperor Mutsuhito, Meiji year 13 (1880), extremely rare, NGC PF 62. KM-Y24; JNDA-unl. Flawless strike with faint rainbow toning splashed across the lustrous surfaces, the reverse like a sunset and the dragon on the obverse particularly well defined by the toning, with just a few faint wisps on the mirrored fields but no marks or any evidence of mishandling, a highly important, very low-mintage gem. Drawing comparisons to the famous King of Siam US proof set from the early 1800s, the fourteen-piece Japanese Meiji-13 proof set was similarly used for diplomatic purposes (presumably for presentation to heads of state) and remains surprisingly elusive, as up to 77 sets were reportedly made but no intact sets are known today. The closest to a complete set, eleven pieces, was in the John Pittman collection (David Akers auction of August 1999, lot 5152, acquired from the Farouk sale in 1954), including a box that might have been original, and a second set of eleven (but not all the same denominations as Pittman) was sold at Heritage in January 2017, both setting worldwide records and generating lots of excitement in the world of Japanese numismatics. Each denomination in the set is now a major rarity, the present denomination from a recorded mintage of only 96 pieces (presumably all proofs given as gifts and never meant for circulation) and thought to be unique by Pittman. His example, lacquered and hairlined, is now known to be one of three ever offered for public sale, with the addition of the Heritage example in PF 63, the present one being technically the same grade but with more eye-appeal in our opinion, a historical and numismatic gem for the most advanced collectors in the world. NGC #6268661-001.

Martinique (French Colony), gold 22 livres, countermark "22" over eagle (1805) on a genuine Rio, Brazil, 6400 reis, Jose I, 1759-R, PCGS AU58, c/m UNC detail. KM-37; Fr-2. Visibly intact host (weight not stated) with choice details and traces of luster under light red toning, the countermark (Gordon Variety B reworked) as deep and sharp as they come, the scarcer of this island's two stamps (the other being 20-over-eagle, reserved for circulating forgeries), decreed in 1805 and applied by goldsmith Costet, emulating an 1804 decree on Guadeloupe. It is interesting to note that this all occurred during a brief period of French control after the Treaty of Amiens, as otherwise the island was British-controlled until a permanent return to the French following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. PCGS #36315782.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1736 MF, florette above assayers, NGC MS 61. Cal-2235; KM-148. Choice strike and rims, rather lustrous, with faint surface hairlines on obverse and minor flan-bulge behind head, still among the best overall for this desirable early type (second highest grade at NGC behind a pair of MS 62's). NGC #3735673-004.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1744 MF, NGC MS 63. Cal-2249; KM-148. Superb original luster and strike, with perfect rims and sharp details all over, splashes of red toning on obverse (some faint hairlines), a flashy beauty that is tied for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64+. NGC #5961964-001.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1745 MF, NGC MS 61. Cal-2250; KM-148. Gorgeous rainbow toning over luster in legends, good strike with full rims, high points lightly worn but overall a very eye-catching and beautiful coin. NGC #43511106-002.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III (young bust, "rat nose"), 1771 MF, rare, NGC AU 55. Cal-1997; KM-155. Choice luster and fully detailed strike with full rims, lightly hairlined and bagmarked but otherwise fully UNC, final year of a rare type that is known in Spanish as "cara de rata" (rat face) and in English as "rat nose" due to a perhaps too realistic portrait of the young king. NGC #2777141-010.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1794 FM, NGC MS 60. Cal-1633; KM-159. Brightly lustrous, with light surface hairlines on obverse, typically weak centers, surely a candidate for updated grading. NGC #5961237-002.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 FM, extremely rare, NGC VF 30, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1484; KM-131. Traces of toning and luster in legends, light central wear and marks, a very rare key two-year transitional type (missing in most private and institutional collections, including the Banco de Mexico) and an extremely rare date, of which only about five are known, this being the only one in the NGC census since the Rudman specimen in Heritage (August 2015, lot 31287), then graded NGC XF 40, was subsequently re-graded as AU details by PCGS and resold by Stack's Bowers earlier this year (January 2021, lot 22229). NGC #5955312-001.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1776 FM, NGC XF 45. Cal-1599; KM-118.2. 3.35 grams. Traces of toning and luster on smooth fields, slightly crude rims, popular date with US collectors. NGC #6268663-011.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1795 FM, NGC VF 30. Cal-1127; KM-120. Traces of luster and very faint toning, the bust weakly struck and lightly worn, one of just two in the NGC census, also with possible overdate 5/4. NGC #5955320-009.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII transitional ("armored" bust), 1812 HJ, NGC MS 63+. Cal-1514; KM-121. Choice luster and very bold strike including nearly full rims, scarce transitional type, exceptional grade (second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 64). NGC #5961237-003.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1745 MF, NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1468; KM-103. Frosty and almost prooflike with brilliant luster, choice strike, every element sharp and bold, the finest for the date (tops at PCGS being MS64) and just one away from top grade for the entire series, which is significant for something so highly collected and in-demand as Mexican pillar dollars, the kind of coin that rarely comes to market and should be jumped on for the opportunity it presents. NGC #4427723-006.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1745 MF, NGC MS 61. Cal-1468; KM-103. Richly toned and boldly struck (very slightly off-center), the fields smooth but lacking in luster for a higher grade. NGC #5969618-002.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1746 MF, NGC MS 64. Cal-1470; KM-103. Good original luster (stronger on shield side) with traces of incipient toning, sharp full strike with fields so clean that you can even see the ghost of an offset digit 6 of the date (re-punched), exceptional and numerically top grade (tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 64+, tops at PCGS being MS63). NGC #5969618-003.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1747 MF, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census, ex-Rudman. Cal-1472; KM-103. Very frosty with mirrorlike luster and sharp full details, parts of rims slightly crude due to minor centering issues but otherwise as nice as they come, an exceptional grade (just one finer at PCGS in MS65), also interesting as a posthumous issue. NGC #4427723-008. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet and to Heritage Auction #3054 (lot 31029).

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1754 MF, crowns alike, NGC AU 58. Cal-482; KM-104.1. Frosty and somewhat lustrous, a perfect example of a coin that is technically MS (with only faint evidence of friction on highest points) but looks slightly worn due to weaker strike (particularly in the centers), also with light adjustment marks, still conditionally choice. NGC #4351128-006.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1733 F, very rare, NGC VG details / plugged, ex-Rudman. Cal-805; KM-84. Non-toned and polished but with only light, even wear (more like Fine or even low VF in our opinion), the professional repair at top not obvious but also not deceptive, one of maybe five specimens known, noted by Gilboy (M-2-2) as the rarest of four major types for this date (combining the two possible mintmarks, oM and MX, and the two possible assayers, F and MF), R2 in Yonaka (M2-33). NGC #2787318-004. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 2 reales, Philip V, 1735/4 MF, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census. Cal-810; KM-84. Broad flan with bold rims, choice details with only very light wear, all beautifully rainbow toned with lustrous fields, simply gorgeous, this overdate actually the commonest variety for this year according to Yonaka (M2-35a). NGC #6272083-001.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1754 M, NGC AU 58. Cal-295; KM-86.1. Lovely rainbow toning over notable luster, great strike with bold rims, minor high-point wear but no problems, common date (Yonaka-M2-54) but choice grade, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62. NGC #5955325-005.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1733 MF, NGC VF details / test punch damage, cleaned, ex-Rudman. Cal-507; KM-75.1. Bold strike with only light high-point wear and relatively smooth fields for the grade (arguably XF by more recent standards), the test punch easy to miss above the dot after the D of D.G., silvery from cleaning, actually slightly less common than the MX-mintmark variety for this year (Yonaka-M1-33e). NGC #2787318-003. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Mexico City, Mexico, pillar 1/2 real, Ferdinand VI, 1759 M, NGC AU 58. Cal-98; KM-67.2. Choice rainbow toning over and bold details (including rims), lacking in luster but minimal wear, common date (Yonaka-M-05-59, the only variety). NGC #5955325-009.

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786 FM, NGC AU 58. Cal-1129; KM-106.2a. Beautiful coin with choice, deep rainbow toning over luster, only light wear and marks, common date (Yonaka M8-86) and far from finest known but very attractive for the grade. NGC #5955325-007.

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 FM. Cal-950; KM-107. 27.02 grams. Lustrous UNC with light surface hairlines, very faint toning, nice strike, Yonaka-M8-89-IV.

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1791 FM, ex-Bevill. Cal-953; KM-109. 26.58 grams. Attractively rainbow-toned AU with underlying luster, light porosity in legends and faint scrape on king's jaw, first date with proper bust of Charles IV and in fact the only denomination struck that year, according to Yonaka (M8-91). Pedigreed to the Jim Bevill collection (Sedwick Auction 23, lot 1372).

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807 TH, NGC MS 62. Cal-986; KM-109. Choice luster (especially on reverse), good strike except for slightly weak high points, faint surface hairlines, Yonaka-M8-107. NGC #5948664-002.

Mexico City, Mexico, bust 1/2 real, Charles III, 1782 FF, NGC MS 63 ("top pop"), ex-Rudman. Cal-209; KM-69.2. Deeply toned over muted luster, choice strike, no marks or wear, tied with one other for finest in NGC census, Yonaka-M05-82. NGC #509461-001. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Numismatic Cabinet.

Mexico City, Mexico, copper octavo (1/16 real), Ferdinand VII, 1814, NGC MS 62 BN. Cal-104; KM-59. Very bold strike, with deep dark toning over traces of luster, parts of rims slightly crude (as made), evidence of fibrous strike-through in obverse field, truly a choice example, in fact second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 65 RB. From a brief, late series of copper coins, this smallest denomination also known as a pilon but confusingly showing denomination as "1/8" for octavo, meaning neither 1/8 real (as stated on label) nor 1/8 tlaco (as stated in Calico, there also erroneously translated as 1/4 real) but in fact valued at half of a tlaco (the circulating merchant token at the time, valued at 1/8 real) or 1/16 real (Yonaka-M01C-114). NGC #5961239-001.

Durango, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1822 CG, NGC AU 55. Cal-1200; KM-111.2. Lustrous and very lightly rainbow toned, typically slightly crude with weak centers and incomplete rims, a few minor marks, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 58, final date of colonial issue. NGC #6272344-007.

Durango, Mexico, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII ("armored" bust), 1812 RM, very rare, NGC VG 10, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-773; KM-92.3. Very crude strike as expected for the initial issues of this mint, with lots of flatness but crucially showing full date and mintmark, also with nice toning, perhaps unfairly graded but without comparison since the only others we have seen in recent years (four total, not counting the present coin) were not slabbed. NGC #6272338-001.

Guadalajara, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, date not visible (1812-15), assayer MR, PCGS Mint Error VF25, multi-struck obv/rev. Cal-Type 294: KM-111.3. Fascinating error with up to five misaligned strikes showing about a 45-degree rotation, unfortunately cutting off the date but showing bold assayers (twice), attractively toned and not overly worn, clearly well circulated despite the error, first we have seen or heard of for this period and obviously important for the War of Independence specialist or trophy-error collector. PCGS #42473778.

Mexico City, Mexico, 8 reales, 1823 JM, Iturbide, colonial edge, flat-top 3, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-310. Bold bust and sharp eagle except for center, most of legends also bold and lustrous, with small spots of toning here and there, very faint and inconsequential hairlines, scarce and popular brief type. NGC #5965627-012.

Mexico City, Mexico, 1 real, 1822 JM, Iturbide, NGC MS 63. KM-302. Mirrorlike luster and frosty details, the bust slightly doubled on the die (error), parts of rims crude (as made) and with center of eagle weak as usual, but overall well struck and impressively flashy, tied with two others for finest in NGC census, also a desirable one-year issue (unlike the other silver denominations). NGC #5968036-001.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold 1/2 escudo, 1842 MM, NGC MS 62. KM-378.5. Bold strike and strong luster, eagle's breast slightly weak, spot of toning above its left wing, flashy for the grade. NGC #4884167-002.

Mexico City, Mexico, gold 1/2 escudo, 1856/4 GF, NGC MS 63. KM-378.5. Choice mirrorlike luster, bold strike but weak in centers, early slab label. NGC #565309-006.

Durango, Mexico, "hookneck" 8 reales, 1824 RL, submissive snake, small Libertad, NGC XF 45. DP-Do01; KM-376.3. Light steel-gray toning, fully detailed strike but rims somewhat crude (as made), rare and desirable one-year type. NGC #5746752-006.

Guadalupe y Calvo, Mexico, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1850 MP, NGC XF 40. DP-GC07; KM-377.7. Light and somewhat spotty toning over muted luster, minor marks and weak in center of eagle but otherwise well struck, scarce mint. NGC #5961212-001.

Guanajuato, Mexico, 25 centavos, 1876 S, NGC MS 63. KM-406.5. Very flashy luster with incomplete waves of light toning on both sides plus patch of bright blue at eagle-side rim, minimal marks, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 64. NGC #5961187-007.

Mexico City, Mexico, 1 peso, "Caballito," 1911, long ray, NGC MS 62. KM-453. Bright white with strong luster for the grade, light bagmarks, popular five-year type. NGC # 62005418-012.

Mexico City, Mexico, 1 peso, "Caballito," 1913, unevenly spaced date, NGC MS 63. KM-453. Frosty and lustrous, with light bagmarks only, popular five-year type. NGC # 6205420-018.

Oaxaca, Mexico, provisional 5 pesos, 1915 TM, variety with 2 below P, NGC MS 63. KM-751. Slightly speckled rainbow toning over muted luster, minimal bagmarks, one-year provisional type with bust of Benito Juarez on obverse and 1% gold content explicitly stated on reverse. NGC #2785709-020.

Leon, Nicaragua, 1 real proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1808, rare, NGC AU 58. Cal-562; Medina-312; Grove-F83; Herrera-27; KM-M1. Bold strike, nice luster, toning around details, slightly off-center reverse, choice grade for this issue (often found holed), popular as effectively the only colonial coinage struck in what is now Nicaragua. NGC #2822422-006.

Nicaragua, 50 centavos, 1929, NGC MS 62, ex-Stuart. KM-15. Brightly lustrous, with spot of incipient toning on rim, minor bagmarks only, choice grade (tied with three others for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 64). NGC #4427811-001. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart collection (stated on special label).

Nicaragua, proof copper-nickel 1 centavo, 1878, rare, NGC PF 64, ex-Luis Flores. KM-1. Good luster despite faint speckling, traces of light toning. NGC #3596796-003. Pedigreed to the Luis Flores collection (stated on label).

Panama, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer oB to left, mintmark AP above denomination I to right, Aragon omitted, very rare, NGC VF 30. S-AP4; Cal-236; KM-2. 3.38 grams. Bold assayer and clear but doubled mintmark and denomination, bold crown (nearly full), full but weaker shield and (off-center) cross-lions-castles with clear tressure in characteristically rotated orientation, not much legend (partially flat), lightly gray-toned all over, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single XF 40. NGC #5961054-001.

Panama, cob 1/2 real, Philip II, mintmark A to left and P to right (unique), no king's name in legends, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. S-unl (cf. AP2); Cal-unl (Type 64); KM-unl (1 for type). 1.64 grams. Very important discovery coin, as it is a completely new variety missing in Proctor, with very clear mintmark split by the full but doubled monogram with full crown above, choice full cross-lions-castles, and just enough legend to see that neither side has the king's name, all boldly detailed and nicely toned. It is possible that the doubling has obscured an assayer M below the monogram, and it is also possible that the P to the right is an assayer and the engraver simply punched the A to left too low to allow for a P below it to complete the AP mintmark. As for the legends, notice that the monogram side says D.G.HISPANI and the cross side says D.G. ISPANIARVM with a backwards D, which seems to indicate an unintended marriage of dies from different engravers. The untrained eye could be excused for mistaking this coin for Potosi Philip II assayer A, and perhaps there are other examples out there so mislabeled, but the elements of design (particularly the crown and backwards D) are distinctly Panamanian, and for now this is the only one we know of. NGC #6269471-001.

Papal States, gold 20 lire, Pius IX, 1867-R, Year XXII, NGC AU 58. KM-1382.3; Fr-280. Choice for the assigned grade, with nice luster and only light bagmarks, perhaps just a trace of high-point wear. Pope Pius IX's 32-year reign was the longest on record and marked the end of the sovereign Papal States. NGC #5962291-004.

Paraguay (War of the Triple Alliance), 1 real, countermark "1" in rounded hexagonal field of horizontal lines (1865-70) on a wavy-edge 1/4 cut of a Bolivian Republic 4 soles 1855, very rare, NGC VF 30, c/s VF standard. Pratt-MR2; KM-B2. 3.08 grams. Nearly full countermark and nice sharp cut, providentially oriented so the host date 1855 is centered on the other side (extremely rare thus), lovely deep toning all over, scarce and important emergency issue from the war against the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay in 1865-70. NGC #6272344-005.

Paraguay (War of the Triple Alliance), 1 real, countermark retrograde "S" inside toothed oval (1865-70) on a wavy-edge 1/5 cut of a Bolivian Republic 4 soles of the mid-1800s, very rare, NGC Good 6, c/s VF standard. Pratt-MR8; KM-unl. 2.62 grams. Sharp and neatly undulating cut with bold and nearly full countermark (atypically in retrograde, the exact meaning of the letter unknown) with several intentional slashes (metal tests?) on that side, not much host detail, richly toned all over, one of the rarest types of emergency issues from the war against the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay in 1865-70. NGC #6272344-004.

Asuncion, Paraguay, bronze 4 centesimos, 1870, SAEZ. KM-4.3. 22.95 grams. Dark brown XF with areas of light verdigris, minor laminations and deep edge-crack, its crudeness characteristic of its manufacture in Asuncion as opposed to the Heaton Mint in London, actually rather well preserved for the type.

Paraguay, coin-sized gold medal, 1964, visit by Charles de Gaulle. 10.02 grams; 25mm. Attractively lustrous with matte-smooth but lightly hairlined fields, its spartan design showing the Paraguayan lion on one side and busts of Paraguayan President Alfredo Stroessner and French President Charles de Gaulle on the other, commemorating the latter's visit to Paraguay in October 1964. We were unable to find more information about this medal, but note that Heritage sold an example of its larger sibling (50 grams, 45mm) in 2020 for $5,250 hammer. While non-denominated and medallic in theme, we note these pieces were struck in coin alignment.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III (first "rat nose" type), 1765 JM, rare, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1918; KM-70. Fully detailed strike with only faint wear but minimal luster, splashed with light red-gold toning, overall a choice example of rare type with first young bust of Charles III in an overly realistic rendering with a characteristically long nose. NGC #5948654-003.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 IJ, NGC AU 53. Cal-1953; KM-82.1a. Much luster for the assigned grade based on high-point wear and light marks. NGC #5845195-004. Pedigreed to the Espinola collection (stated on label).

Lima, Peru, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 IJ, NGC AU 58. Cal-1589; KM-92. Broad flan with prominent rims, choice luster, minor laminations on obverse and adjustment marks on reverse, minimal wear but some surface hairlines. NGC #5955330-003.

Lima, Peru, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII, 1821 JP, NGC VF 35, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1508; KM-126. Bold rims and legends with toning around details, the centers weaker and a little worn, desirable final date of colonial issue. NGC #5961211-003.

Lima, Peru, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1761 JM, dots over both mintmarks. Cal-1020; KM-A64.1. 26.80 grams. Lustrous (cleaned) XF with tiny trace of encrustation in shield, no big problems (Yonaka-L8-61a).

Lima, Peru, pillar 1 real, Ferdinand VI, 1758 JM. Cal-162; KM-52. 3.30 grams. Deeply toned XF with one large and bold chopmark in field below QUE as from circulation in Asia (rarely seen on pillar minors), Yonaka-L1-58.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1802 IJ, NGC MS 62. Cal-920; KM-97. Strong luster on reverse (somewhat muted on obverse), no marks or wear but with weak rims that crude in places on reverse (as made), starting to tone. NGC #5951951-004.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804 JP, NGC MS 63. Cal-924; KM-97. Broad and very slightly oval flan with bold strike and nice luster, small parts of rims weak or crude (as made), second highest grade in current NGC census. NGC #5965629-008.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804 JP, NGC MS 62. Cal-924; KM-97. 27.46 grams. Choice luster and strike except for a hair of central weakness on reverse, incomplete rims due to being slightly off-center, choice for the grade overall. NGC #5965633-010.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (smaller "imaginary" bust), 1810 JP, NGC AU 55. Cal-1241; KM-106.2. Richly toned over luster, some weak strike in addition to light high-point wear, with trace of surface porosity and die-rust near rims, scarce and desirable type. NGC #6272344-014.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 JP, NGC MS 62. Cal-1247; KM-117.1. Choice luster and frosty details, with rainbow toning in legends, nice strike but parts of rims weak (as made). NGC #5948664-001.

Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820 JP, NGC MS 62. Cal-1253; KM-117.1. 26.53 grams. Deeply and attractively rainbow toned over muted luster, bold strike with strong details but traces of die-cracking and rough spot in front of face, also small natural void in edge. NGC #5965629-009.

Lima, Peru, bust 4 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791 IJ, double-strike error. Cal-752; KM-86. 13.23 grams. Broad-flan VF/XF with the entire obverse slightly double-struck (rare thus), all the elements shifted to create the effect that some became faint and others were made bolder, the reverse virtually unaffected except for some minor laminations, traces of luster and toning throughout.

Lima, Peru, gold 4 escudos, 1853 MB, NGC MS 63, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Lissner. KM-150.2. Beautifully lustrous and boldly struck, just some wispy hairlines on Liberty side as usual, by all accounts the finest known of this rare two-year type. NGC #3839945-006. Pedigreed to the Lissner collection (stated on label).

Lima, Peru, gold 2 escudos, 1853 MB, NGC AU 55. KM-149.2. Unusually well-detailed Liberty at the expense of flag detail on other side (bold strike overall), slightly grainy surfaces (as made) but still lustrous, some faint adjustment marks. NGC #5955311-006.

Lima, Peru, gold 100 soles, 1964, NGC MS 66+. KM-231. 46.70 grams. Bold strike and monstrous luster, virtually devoid of marks or friction, and a nice heavy chunk of rich-colored gold (1.5 oz troy). NGC #5965633-009.

Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1828 JM, large Liberty, NGC MS 62. KM-142.3. 25.36 grams. Brilliantly lustrous, with sharp full details but slightly uneven rims due to centering issues, rough spot on llama in shield (as made), impressively flashy for the grade. NGC #5965629-002.

Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1831 MM, NGC MS 62. KM-142.3. 27.43 grams. Bold and lustrous, with full details including rims, the legends particularly icy with flash. NGC #5965629-001.

Cuzco, Peru, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, 1834, Constitutional Reform, NGC AU 55. Fonrobert-9219. Deep gunmetal toning over lustrous surfaces, with minimal marks and just a touch of wear on the pages of the book, great contrast. NGC #6272343-001.

Lima, Peru, 2 reales, 1828JM. KM-141.1. 6.90 grams. Blazingly lustrous and boldly struck but with typical central weakness and die-rust, parts of rims crude also (as made), still impressively flashy and fully Mint State. With ICG MS62 tag.

Philippines (under Spain), gold 4 pesos, Isabel II, 1863, NGC AU 55. Cal-856; KM-144. Good luster (especially on reverse), some light wear, parts of rims weak. NGC #4916884-007. (Note: Printed catalog says 2 pesos in error.)

Philippines (under Spain), 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned-Y.II countermark (1834-37) on a Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1828 JM, large Liberty, NGC VF 30, c/s VF standard. Cal-668; KM-138.2. Attractively toned all over, the countermark nearly full, all much nicer than the assigned grade suggests. NGC #5947411-003.

Philippines (under Spain), 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned-Y.II countermark (1834-37) on a Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1831 MM, NGC AU details / cleaned, c/s AU standard. Cal-668; KM-138.2. Bold full countermark, well-defined details due to toning in crevices. NGC #5947447-004.

Philippines (under Spain), 8 reales, crowned-Y.II countermark (1834-37) on a Mexico City, Mexico, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1834 ML, NGC AU 55, c/s AU strong. Cal-668; KM-unl. Exceptionally bold, full and well-centered countermark, the host still somewhat lustrous, with natural rim-flaw at 9 o'clock, tied with three others for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 61. NGC #6271288-001.

Philippines (under Spain), silver 1 peso, Alfonso XIII (young head), 1897 S-GV, NGC MS 62+. Cal-122; KM-154. Mirrorlike luster, some light bagmarks, very bright and choice, popular one-year type. NGC #4495925-007.

Puerto Rico (under Spain), dollar, fleur-de-lis countermark (1885) on a USA (mint not visible), $1 Morgan, 1880, PCGS Good detail / holed, very rare. Cal-unl; KM-unl. The fleur-de-lis countermark of Puerto Rico was that island's only official countermark and was created after a decree on November 27, 1884, by the Governor, General Luis Daban, preventing the importation of more holed coins to Puerto Rico, the countermark being the official device to prove certain coins were on the island before the decree, which naturally prompted fake countermarks to be made as well. This example shows a full, genuine countermark (Davila's Type IV), the coin well toned and heavily worn but with bold date, with an enlarged hole at top from wearing on a key chain (unfortunately obliterating the mintmark, if there was one), very rare to be found in dollar size and the first fully authenticated example we have seen or heard of on a Morgan dollar (others are all seated Liberty or earlier). Amazingly this coin has resided in the same Puerto Rican family from its creation until now. Sra. Montserrate Hernandez Ramirez, born in 1883 in Maricao, Puerto Rico, received this coin as a gift from her father, Ruperto Hernandez, and left it to her son, Dr. Luis Amoros, when she died in 1958. Dr. Amoros died in 1965, and his widow, Hilda Alvarez, kept the coin and eventually passed it on to her son, Luis Alwin Amoros, Esq., from whom it was recently acquired and subsequently consigned to our auction. A very important piece for all US collectors, not just in Puerto Rico, and especially desirable for its fully documented pedigree and authentication. PCGS #42910152. With letter from expert numismatist Dr. Ovidio Davila Davila (author of Estudio Numismatico de las Primeras Monedas de Puerto Rico: Los Resellos de "flor de lis" de 1885 [2012]) certifying the authenticity of the coin and countermark.

South Africa, gold proof "First Strike" four-coin denomination set, 2011, in original South African Mint wooden box, all graded NGC PF 70 Ultra Cameo: 1, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/10 krugerrand. KM-73, 107, 106, 105. Box: 7" x 5". Original wooden box engraved on top with the coin design and 2011 / "First Strike" / Krugerrand Set / South African Mint Company, containing four perfect MS-70 coins in NGC holders with labels stating "one of first 300 struck," total AGW of 1.85 oz, the slabbed coins housed in two trays of two coins each, the bottom tray on a lateral swivel.

Southern Rhodesia, 2 shillings, 1944, NGC MS 62. KM-19a. Light toning, a few bagmarks and the obverse slightly cloudy, still choice grade, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63. NGC #4740391-005.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 escudos, Philip IV, assayer R, distinctive Austrian fesse in shield (1634-37), NGC MS 64 ("top pop"), ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-Type 406; KM-112. 26.90 grams. In addition to having an incredibly deep, bold and well-detailed full shield and cross, characteristic of its exceptional grade, this piece has the distinction of displaying a special six-square rectangle for Austria in the shield, in fact matching coins with clear dates 1634 and 1637 only (no examples of 1635 or 1636 are known), also with deep red toning over die-rust in crevices, bold full denomination VIII, peripheries flat and/or crude (as made) but with much of king's name visible in addition to most of crown, tied with one other for finest in NGC census. NGC #5960428-001. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #66 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, also Plate Coin #66 in Tauler's Oro Macuquino (2011), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Philip IV, 1644 R, NGC MS 63, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate, Calico Numismatica espanola (2008) plate. Cal-1967; KM-112. 26.73 grams. If ever a case could be made for the existence of Royals (galanos) from the Seville mint, this coin would be the one and only candidate, as it is so round and completely detailed, with all legends and crown and inner details full and bold and lightly red-toned, as to surpass the manifest quality of any other cob 8 escudos from that mint, its luster and complete lack of wear (ignoring a few old marks in the upper-right quadrant of the reverse hidden in the toning) reflected in its NGC grade, truly the loveliest example the world has ever seen (among a reported population of just four known) and a numismatic prize beyond compare, with virtually limitless value in today's market, its many appearances in references a testament to its singular beauty. NGC #5960428-002. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #74 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, also Plate Coin on page 196 of Calico's 2008 edition of Numismatica espanola and Plate Coin #74 in Tauler's Oro Macuquino (2011), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Philip IV, 1663 (R ), NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., ex-Caballero de Indias, Calico Onza plate. Cal-1986; KM-145. 26.80 grams. Technically considered a different type from the previous two lots as the ornaments in the quadrants of the cross are actual fleurs instead of clusters of squares, also much cruder with doubling and flatness, the shield and cross nevertheless full and also with choice full crown and denomination VIII, weaker mintmark (assayer not visible) to left, but best part is the full date with very bold final digit, with traces of light sediment in crevices, also well pedigreed. NGC #5960428-003. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and to the Caballero de Indias collection (Aureo auction of October 2009, lot 1910), and Plate Coin #95 in Calico's La Onza (2004), also Plate Coin #95 in Tauler's Oro Macuquino (2011), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Philip IV , 1668 (M?), NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., ex-Rudman. Cal-1007; KM-168.2. 26.58 grams. Very boldly struck, with 100% full shield showing distinctively abbreviated upper half (just one castle and lion), also full cross-and-tressure, mostly flat peripheries (hence no visible mintmark, assayer nor denomination) except for a bold full 68 of the date, the final digit made from punching a second 0 below an existing 0 on a 1660-dated reverse die, confirmed by the presence of -PVS of Philip's name in the obverse legend (also a die-match with known 1660 coins showing assayer A/C on obverse), more likely an oversight than an intentionally posthumous issue, the boldness of the central strike enhanced by dark encrustation in crevices. NGC #5960428-004. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and to the Isaac Rudman Collection, Plate Coin #151a in Tauler's Oro Macuquino (2011), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Charles II, 1689/8 (M), NGC MS 62, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B. Cal-1041; KM-168.2. 27.02 grams. Nicely round flan with full but partially weak shield and cross, the latter with very bold complete tressure, outside of which is a clear date with full 16 and most of 89 (the overdate weak but certain), the obverse with interesting upward-reading denomination with small V at bottom and what looks like an aqueduct-mintmark punch (for Segovia) for the III, all crammed inside the king's name, the mintmark S to left barely visible above a non-visible assayer M, light sediment in crevices for contrast. NGC #5960428-005. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and Plate Coin #178b in Tauler's Oro Macuquino (2011), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Charles II, 1698/7 M, NGC MS 63 ("top pop"), ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-1053; KM-unl (168.2 for type). 26.84 grams. Light yellow gold with choice full shield and full but off-center cross below very bold and 100% full date with obvious overdate, clear assayer M to left above king's ordinal II, stable interior flan-cracks (as made), with nice luster and in fact tied with next lot for finest in NGC census. NGC #5960428-007. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #191 in Calico's "La Onza" (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Charles II, 1698/7 (M), NGC MS 63 ("top pop"), ex-J.O.B., ex-Caballero de Indias. Cal-1053; KM-unl (168.2 for type). 26.86 grams. Broad flan with natural edge-cracks but good full shield and nearly full cross, the 698 of date bold and complete with obvious overdate, nice toning over luster (tied with previous lot for finest in NGC census), a few marks and natural lamination near edge on reverse notwithstanding. NGC #5960428-006. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and to the Caballero de Indias collection (Aureo auction of October 2009, lot 1952), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold cob 8 escudos, Charles II, 1699 (M), NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-1058; KM-168.2. 26.77 grams. Large and slightly odd-shaped flan with choice full cross and nearly full shield with bold denomination and (CA)ROLVS II (the mintmark and assayer not visible), clear final 9 and curved side of penultimate digit 9 of date, choice grade with near-pristine surfaces in light yellow gold. NGC #5960428-008. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #196 in Calico's "La Onza" (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Charles II, 1699 M, GRAT variety, NGC AU 58, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-1060; KM-233.1. 27.01 grams. Smooth and lustrous fields with full and bold details except for weak area near edge at 9 o'clock / 3 o'clock that nevertheless still shows enough of the bottom of a T to recognize it's GRAT and not GRAC, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63. NGC #5960428-009. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #200 in Calico's "La Onza" (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1701 M, denomination VIII to right, dots flanking fleece, dot after ordinal V, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2266; KM-259. 26.87 grams. Smaller flan with full details, the reverse off-center with minor lamination near edge, also with natural edge-flaw, areas of red toning in crevices on obverse, scarce one-year type with vertical denomination to right and mintmark-assayer to left just inside the obverse legend. NGC #5960428-012. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #463 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1701 M, denomination VIII to right, dots flanking fleece, flower after ordinal V, NGC MS 62 ("top pop"), ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2266; KM-259. 26.94 grams. Lustrous all over, with full details despite slightly off-center strike, tied with one other for finest in NGC census, scarce one-year type with vertical denomination to right and mintmark-assayer to left just inside the obverse legend but a different sub-variety than previous lot. NGC #5960428-010. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #462 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1701 M, 8-S-8-M outside tressure, flowers flanking fleece, NGC AU 58, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2267; KM-260. 26.97 grams. New type on a slightly broader flan with mintmark, assayer and denomination relocated to the dimples of the tressure around the cross, choice full details (slightly off-center), with middle of shield slightly rough (as made), minor marks only, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62. NGC #5960428-011. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #466 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1703 J, 8-S-8-J outside tressure, NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2270; KM-260. 26.93 grams. Lustrous and bold with full details, the obverse off-center, light marks and high-point wear per the assigned grade. NGC #5960428-014. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #472 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1712 M, 8-S-8-M outside tressure, NGC MS 62, ex-J.O.B., ex-Rudman. Cal-2281; KM-260. 27.00 grams. Choice luster with atypically satin-smooth fields, full and bold details, a few spots of rim weakness and die wear (near bottom) on obverse and one weak 8 on reverse, still flashy per the assigned grade. NGC #5960428-015. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and to the Isaac Rudman Collection, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1712 M, M-8-S-8 outside tressure, NGC AU 58, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2281; KM-260. 26.86 grams. Lightly red-toned, with full details on a broad flan (the cross off-center), different variety from previous lot in terms of location of the mintmark, assayer and denomination in the dimples of the tressure around the cross. NGC #5960428-013. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and Plate Coin #495 in Calico's La Onza (2004), both stated on label, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1717 M, NGC AU 55, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2289; KM-260. 26.92 grams. Nice luster, fully detailed except for weak parts in legend, including one place where a stray -ARV(M) and piece of border are visible due to a previous strike, light high-point wear only. NGC #5960432-001. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1721 J, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2294; KM-315. 26.99 grams Lustrous and sharply detailed (particularly the cross and shield), with some slightly crude parts near rims and slightly washed-out color from cleaning. NGC #5960432-002. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1729 P, NGC MS 61, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2302; KM-315. 27.11 grams. Superb luster and details for the assigned grade (tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62), with very faint adjustment marks on cross, very flashy and choice overall. NGC #5960432-003. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1729, no assayer or denomination, king's name as PHILP, NGC MS 60, ex-J.O.B., Calico Onza plate. Cal-2303; KM-346.2. 27.07 grams. Broad flan with strong rims, choice luster for the grade, light surface hairlines on obverse, scarce two-year type in new design with king's portrait instead of cross, this variety with king's name misspelled. NGC #5960432-004. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label) and Plate Coin #526 in Calico's La Onza (2004), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Philip V, 1731 PA, rare, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2306; KM-346.2. 27.01 grams. Choice luster for the assigned grade, with minor marks but only very light high-point wear, spot of dark encrustation in R of REX, flashy and choice overall, rare first date of the final type under Philip V with assayer initials placed in legend for the first time. NGC #5960432-005. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1775 CF, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2184; KM-409.2. 26.99 grams. Nice luster, particularly on the reverse where it is lightly overlain with beautiful purple-red toning, traces of which also remain on the obverse rim despite light cleaning on that side (the fields faintly hairlined), bold strike and full rims. NGC #5960432-006. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1779/7 CF, NGC AU details / scratched, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2187; KM-unl (409.2 for type). 27.04 grams. Lustrous but lightly hairlined on obverse (also with scratching behind the neck), that side also slightly off-center, the reverse pristine, boldly struck, clear overdate that is unlisted in KM. NGC #5960432-007. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1786 C, NGC AU 58, ex-J.O.B. Cal-2191; KM-409.2a. 27.00 grams. Light yellow color with frosty luster, good strike, light high-point wear and hairlines in obverse fields, minor laminations. NGC #5960432-008. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection (stated on label), with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 C, dot after R, NGC VF 35, ex-J.O.B. (stated on label). Cal-2194; KM-409.2a. 26.88 grams. An interesting coin to grade because the reverse is lustrous and close to AU but the obverse looks lightly polished with evident wear on bust, attractive overall nonetheless. NGC #5960432-009. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection, with collector's tag.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1798 JN, contemporary counterfeit made in gilt platinum, ex-J.O.B. 27.03 grams. Sharp AU details that are fairly close to correct but not enough to fool someone knowledgeable, a few small marks, the gilding a bit faded but still mostly gold in color, tiny hole at top so perhaps intended for jewelry all along as opposed to being a contemporary deception (when platinum was worth far less than gold). XRF tested at Pt 59%, Au 36%, Cu 1.9%, Ag 1.6%. Pedigreed to the J.O.B. Collection and to the Heritage Auction of August 1996 (lot 7806), with collector's tag.

Segovia, Spain, gold 4 excelentes, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark at top, denomination o-iiii at bottom between busts, Gothic A behind Queen, earliest type with all Gothic legends, rare, NGC AU 50, ex-Huntington. Cal-770; Cayon-2954; Fr-125. Broad flan with 100% full details, no doubling, no problems, the surfaces clean and natural with a hint of light toning, really very attractive in every regard: visually, historically and for its important pedigree to the Archer M. Huntington Collection of Coins from the Hispanic World, one of the finest and most ambitious collections ever assembled, within which this piece was part of a spectacular denomination set that included the massive and excessively rare 50 excelentes. The present 4 excelentes is a choice example of a very rare denomination, with exceptional eye appeal, especially in the well-detailed portraits of the king and queen facing each other. The design of these "excelente" coins was continued after the death of Queen Isabel, in fact well into the joint reign of her daughter, Joanna, and grandson, Charles, but examples with fully Gothic legends like this one can be considered lifetime issues, and as such they are an indelible memento of the legacy of the "Catholic" rulers, so called for their crusade to enforce their religion, starting in the same year of Columbus' first voyage to the New World, 1492. It will be exciting to watch this trophy find its new home in another great collection. NGC #5969929-001. Pedigreed to the Archer M. Huntington Collection (stated on label).

Seville, Spain, gold 2 excelentes, Ferdinand-Isabel, eight-point star at top and mintmark S with four dots at bottom between busts, NGC AU 50. Cal-721; Cayon-2933; Fr-129. Mostly lustrous, with full (Gothic) legends and full but partially weak inner details including a bold eight-point star and mintmark, the portrait of the queen to left particularly sharp, somewhat flat on the king, also flat on the eagle on the reverse in the same spot, interesting in that the X of REX at the top of the legend looks like the Hebrew letter "aleph." NGC # 6205479-001.

Segovia, Spain, gold milled 1 escudo, Philip III, 1607 C, NGC MS 66 ("top pop"). Cal-1015; KM-29. Sharp strike with all elements bold and totally devoid of marks or wear, light yellow gold with muted luster due to rusted-die fields but still an exceptional grade, tied with one other for finest in NGC census, second variety with king's name as PHILIP followed by a comma, desirable as the first milled gold of Spain. NGC #4931692-012.

Segovia, Spain, gold milled 4 escudos, Charles II, 1687/3 BR, very rare. Cal-951; KM-unl (185.2 for type). 13.48 grams. The milled gold coins of the Segovia mint are all special coins, typically made to order in just certain dates, and in the case of Charles II 4 escudos we only know of the dates 1683 and 1687 (hence KM listings for 1686 and 1687/6 are probably in error). Also we note that references say this issue lacks a Portuguese escutcheon, but it is there, just faintly hidden by the rest of the details in the upper half of the shield. This beautiful coin exhibits a typically choice strike on a broad flan (beyond the design) with smooth fields, muted luster and very light toning, well preserved save for a few light marks and light filing on top edge, a very rare and popular type. Pedigreed to the Conde de Lacambra Collection and the Golf Collection, also pedigreed to the Aureo auction of March 2019 (lot 214), purchased from Xavier Calico by private treaty in 1970.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1704 P, NGC VF details / obverse damage. Cal-2271; KM-260. 26.86 grams. Full details (the reverse struck off-center), with very light toning over rich-colored gold, with small punch-mark and scratch toward right side on obverse. NGC #5965633-008.

Seville, Spain, gold milled 2 escudos, Philip V, 1717 M, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1977; KM-293. Light yellow gold, off-center strike but boldly struck and choice in grade (light high-point wear only), muted luster all over, very scarce type that is rarely found without problems. NGC #4916896-004.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 1/2 escudo, Ferdinand VI (second bust), 1747 PJ, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Cal-570; KM-373. Exceptional grade with brilliant luster and fully detailed strike and rims, just a few faint surface hairlines in reverse fields. NGC #4221221-005.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 1/2 escudo, Ferdinand VI (fourth bust), 1756 PJ, stars in legend, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Cal-582 var; KM-374. Bright luster and choice strike, including rims, with only faint surface hairlines. There is some confusion behind the varieties for this date, as Calico lists only "puntos" (dots) for the legend for this bust (NGC and KM do not distinguish the different busts), while NGC shows both "stars" and "rosettes" in the census, which we suspect are the same thing, as this coin shows that the "stars" are actually small, five-point flowers. NGC #2062508-004.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1776 PJ, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1962; KM-409.1. Scarce key date (also popular for US collectors), choice strike and luster (especially the reverse) with traces of toning near rims, faint surface hairlines in obverse fields. NGC #5943929-004.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1776 CF, NGC AU 58 ("top pop"). Cal-1889; KM-418.2. Light yellow gold, good luster, obverse fields lightly cleaned, popular date for US collectors, tied with two others for finest in NGC census. NGC #2062508-008.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1781 CF, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1892; KM-418.2. Nice luster, spots of red toning, light surface hairlines on obverse, scarce. NGC #5935283-004.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1786 DV, NGC AU 58. Cal-1791; KM-418.1a. Good luster and rich color (but not really toned), very light high-point wear and surface hairlines on obverse. NGC #2801486-001.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1786 DV, NGC AU 55. Cal-1791; KM-418.1a. Pretty red toning over luster in legends, light surface hairlines on obverse. NGC #5969226-005.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1786 DV, NGC AU 50. Cal-1791; KM-418.1a. Traces of red toning in legend, good luster, light marks and wear, parts of reverse rim slightly crude. NGC #3361035-001.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1787 DV, PCGS AU 58. Cal-1793; KM-418.1a. Much luster, light yellow color, surface hairlines on obverse. PCGS #34711834.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1788 M, NGC MS 64 ("top pop"). Cal-1795; KM-418.1a. Blazingly lustrous and sharply struck, exceptionally eye-catching, tied with one other for finest in NGC census among currently 94 entries. NGC #5911103-003.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1788 M, NGC AU 55. Cal-1795; KM-418.1a. Nice red toning (mostly in peripheries), with light central wear and light marks in fields. NGC #4241811-011.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1776/4 PJ, NGC AU 58 ("top pop"). Cal-1550; KM-unl (417.1 for type). Beautifully lustrous and sharply struck, with surface hairlines and other light marks in obverse fields, the overdate clear (popular date for US collectors), tied with one other for finest in NGC census among currently thirteen entries. NGC #960815-003.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1776/5 PJ, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1551; KM-unl (417.1 for type). Well-detailed strike and decent luster for the assigned grade (especially on reverse), light surface hairlines on obverse, scarce overdate, popular date for US collectors. NGC #4916870-001.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1776/5 CF, NGC VF 35. Cal-1729; KM-unl (417.2 for type). Smooth surfaces with central wear per the assigned grade, lightly toned over luster in legends, clear overdate, popular date for US collectors, technically second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62+. NGC #4916858-007.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1777/6 CF, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1731; KM-unl (417.2 for type). Sharp strike with smooth fields, bold legends with light toning, nice luster, scarce overdate. NGC #2838690-010.

Seville, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1777/6 CF, PCGS AU 53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1731; KM-unl (417.2 for type). Lustrous and bold, the bust slightly weak and lightly worn. PCGS #17236603.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1777 PJ, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1554; KM-417.1. Choice strike and luster, faintly red-toned, the finest of ten in the current NGC census. NGC #5943932-002.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1788/78 M/PJ, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1573; KM-unl (417.1a for type). Brightly lustrous in light yellow gold, trace of high-point wear but otherwise pristine. NGC #5947444-003.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 1/2 escudo, Charles III, 1762 JP, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1245; KM-389.1. Brightly lustrous and boldly struck, the finest of six in the current NGC census. NGC #2062508-007.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1795 MF, NGC MS 62. Cal-1478; KM-436.1. Blazing with cartwheel luster, choice strike with no wear and only the faintest of contact marks (near top grade), natural flaw at top left of shield, very choice grade. NGC #5946925-001.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1790 MF. Cal-1275; KM-435.1. Lightly hairlined XF with faint red toning over luster.

Madrid, Spain, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1793 MF, NGC MS 62. Cal-1110; KM-434. Bold strike, nice luster, weak rims (as made), second highest grade in NGC census and among the top five of currently 37 entries. NGC #5943932-006.

Madrid, Spain, gold 100 reales, Isabel II, 1861, NGC MS 64. Cal-788; KM-605.2. Choice luster with light red color in peripheries, nearly prooflike, minimal marks. NGC #5911097-025.

Madrid, Spain, gold 100 reales, Isabel II, 1862, NGC MS 64. Cal-789; KM-605.2. Choice luster with hints of light red toning, minimal marks. NGC #5911097-027.

Madrid, Spain, gold 20 pesetas, Alfonso XIII, 1889 MP-M with 18-89 in six-point stars, PCGS MS 62. Cal-113; KM-693. Bold strike, light rose-gold color with light surface hairlines and minimal marks, brief type showing the bust of the king as a toddler. PCGS #35719113.

Seville, Spain (Castile and Leon), 1 real, Enrique III (1390-1406), S and three stars at ends of cross, NGC MS 64-star. Cayon-1489. 3.48 grams. Exceptional specimen with deep and rich rainbow toning, the legends blue-green and the centers purple-red, with virtually no wear or marks and pristine surfaces (no luster), very pretty and choice. NGC #5960757-001.

Seville, Spain, 8 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark S to left, denomination o-VIII to right, assayer Gothic D on reverse, legends ending in DEIG and ARA, NGC AU 58. Cal-577; Lopez de la Fuente-I5.1 (unl var). 27.38 grams. Massive flan (extending past the outer border in places), all details including legends full and sharp, with choice toning all over (darker around details), a lovely example of the important and popular first "crown" of mainland Spain, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #5943931-001.

Seville, Spain, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark S to left, denomination o-iiii to right, assayer Gothic D on reverse, legends ending in ELISAB and CASTELE L. Cal-564; Lopez de la Fuente-H5.6.35.10. 13.56 grams. AU with choice full interior details (a couple small soft spots) and a least the bottom half of all letters of legend, lightly toned in crevices, no problems. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 7 (lot 1175).

Seville, Spain, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark S to left, denomination o-iiii to right, assayer Gothic D on reverse, legend ending in LEGIONI. Cal-564; Lopez de la Fuente-5.6 (unl var). 13.40 grams. Sharply struck centers with well-detailed full shield and yoke-and-arrows, also full crown but the legends weaker, with hairline edge-crack, slight obverse doubling, nicely toned AU with faint surface porosity.

Seville, Spain, 2 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, mintmark S to left, denomination ii to right, no assayer, legends ending in ELISABET o D and LEGIONIS. Cal-514; Lopez de la Fuente-G6.0 (unl var). 6.76 grams. Bright (non-toned) and bold AU with full legends and inner details, crown a bit flat, well struck overall. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of April 2009 (lot 3437).

Toledo, Spain, 1 real, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer five-dot cross to left, mintmark T to right, legends ending in D 8 G 8 and ARAGO 8 SI 8 G 8. Cal-467; Lopez de la Fuente-F7.2.21.8. 3.40 grams. Beautifully toned AU with choice, full, fine details all over (the reverse slightly off-center), including the all-Gothic legends and intricate crown, this assayer known to be post-1520.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic D on reverse, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census. Cal-720. 27.43 grams. Lustrous and very sharply detailed as fully lacking in any wear, the crevices starting to tone, full crown and legends and inner details with only trivial doubling and maybe a weak spot here and there but overall as nice as they come, the finest of 33 in the current NGC census. NGC #5961966-002.

Granada, Spain, cob 2 reales, 1593 date vertically to left, assayer oF to right above denomination and mintmark G. Cal-324. 6.59 grams. Choice AU with dark gunmetal toning, the full shield and cross-lions-castles particularly sharp, with full but doubled date 1593 to left and full oF-II-G to right.

Segovia, Spain, 50 reales (cincuentin), Philip III, 1620, assayer cross-topped A (Esteban de Pedrera), struck for the Count of Chinchon (later Viceroy of Peru), NGC XF 40, finest and only example in the NGC census. Cal-1003; Cayon-4962; KM-65. 170.06 grams. The concept of a massive silver coin of 50 reales, known as a cincuentin, began under Philip III, starting in 1609, whereby wealthy aristocrats could advertise their importance with unique coins struck from their own silver brought to the mint under special authorization. Research from Glenn Murray has shown that in the year 1620 two individuals were authorized to have these pieces made: 50 for the 4th Count of Chinchon (Luis Jeronimo Fernandez de Cabrera y Bobadilla, 1589-1647, hereditary Treasurer of the Segovia mint and Viceroy of Peru from 1629 to 1639) and 50 for Don Pedro Mesia de Tovar y Velazquez (1562-1637, granted the title of 1st Count of Molina de Herrera by Philip IV in 1627). These immense pieces (coins only in the sense that they were denominated and struck in coin designs, but of course were not practical for actual commerce) were made by machine using roller dies (rodillos) generally in quantities too small to wear out the die. For that reason, all of the known examples struck in 1617, 1618 and 1620 come from the same obverse die (easily determined by a progressive die-crack from the top right of the crown to the edge), with different reverse dies, depending on the year. The date on this specimen shows a 2/1 for the penultimate digit, and NGC calls the date 1620/10, but the reverse does not match any 1610 dies known to us. (Also it cannot be 1620/19 because documents confirm that no dies or strikings were authorized in 1619.) For the date 1620 there are actually two known reverses, this one regarded as being the first one made, presumably for the first set of 50 coins for the Count of Chinchon, and this die was re-engraved and used in 1622 as well. The second 1620 reverse (without any evidence of 2/1), was presumably for Don Pedro Mesia's production, and was re-engraved and used in 1623 (see the unprecedented offering of thirteen cincuentines in the Cayon auction of April 2015 for an example). The present piece, like all cincuentines, is a marvel of 17th century manufacture, as all details are evenly struck and well centered on a thick flan with varying degrees of outer border visible, and it is deeply toned over muted luster, with only light wear and marks, a few rim-bumps but nothing abusive, and significantly lacking any major flaws like other known examples. This piece is also particularly rare as among only fourteen examples across eleven dates/varieties to be straight-graded by NGC, which is to say it is undamaged and therefore well taken care of over its 400 years of life so far. By definition, it is a coin made for nobility, yet today it can be owned by anyone with the right amount of money and desire. NGC #6205430-001.

Seville, Spain, cob 8 reales Philip III, 1620 G. Cal-977; KM-54. 27.28 grams. Full shield and cross-lions-castles, the former with full S-dot-G-dot to left and vertical denomination VIII to right and the latter with clear bottom half of four-digit date 1620 above, peripheries flat, XF with traces of luster in crevices of cross, lightly toned.

Valladolid, Spain, cob 4 reales, 1613/2 H, very rare, NGC AU 53, finest known in NGC census. Cal-unl (Type 158); KM-unl (36.4 for type). 13.69 grams. Nearly full crowned shield (doubled) and cross-lions-castles, the former with full and bold mintmark (four wavy lines) to left above weak but certain assayer H, the latter with most of 3 and curved left edge of 1 of date and faint remains of a Z (2) under the 3, an overdate that is listed for assayer F but not for assayer H (1611-12, which is what NGC calls it), hence probably a muling of a 1612 H obverse with a modified reverse, lightly toned and somewhat weak in places but not overly circulated. NGC #4930644-003.

Seville, Spain, milled 1 real, Philip V, 1721 J, NGC MS 64. Cal-645; KM-306.2. Nice luster with light steel-gray toning, choice strike except for a small void in the shield (as made), oversized flan that extends beyond the outer borders, second highest grade in NGC census. NGC #5955325-004.

Madrid, Spain, milled 1 real, Philip V, 1726 A, NGC MS 66. Cal-436; KM-298. A prooflike gem with pure mirrored brilliance (amazing to see on a coin on this period), roller-struck on a slightly curved and oversized flan that extends past the outer border (reverse off-center), with small natural lacuna to right of cross and smaller flan-void near top. NGC #3923066-031.

Madrid, Spain, 1 peseta, Alfonso XII, 1884/3 MS-M, with 18-84 inside six-point stars, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. Cal-22; KM-686. Bold strike with deep rainbow toning over luster and faint hairlines, traces of die-cracks near bottom on obverse, rare issue of only 5,839 coins. NGC #6268663-008.

Zurich, Swiss Cantons, 40 batzen, 1813 B, NGC MS 64. KM-190. Bright luster coated with amazingly iridescent toning, ranging from deep aquamarine to scarlet, gives this coin monstrous eye-appeal, in addition to its exceptional grade (second highest in NGC census). NGC #3638057-004.

Tortola, 4 shillings 1-1/2 pence, countermark TORTOLA inside contoured rectangular indent (Type I, 1801) on a 1/2 cut of a Potosi, Bolivia, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1778 PR, rare, NGC VG 10, C/S VF standard. Prid-1; KM-7. 13.04 grams. A very handsome survivor from Tortola's first issue, made from countermarking a bust 8 reales (in this case from Potosi, with full mintmark-denomination-assayer visible on reverse and 78 of 1778 date on obverse) with TORTOLA in neat letters within a box reading vertically upward to right of center where the host coin was cut in half vertically (typically curved), all richly toned and the countermarked deeply recessed, a rare and desirable issue no matter the grade but even rarer as undamaged and numerically gradable, in fact tied with four others for second finest in NGC census behind a single Fine. NGC #6272344-015.

Tunisia (Ottoman Empire), six-piece proof set of copper 8-4-2-1-1/2-1/4 kharub, Abdul Aziz and Muhammad al-Sadiq Bey, AH1281 (1864), Heaton mint, NGC PF 63 to 65 RB, ex-Briand. KM-153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159. An impressive proof set with all coins very similar in quality, luster, and color - a feat that couldn't easily be replicated individually these days, as the three highest denominations are quite rare, grades as follows: 8 kharub - PF 65 RB ("top pop," tied with one other for finest known in the NGC census); 4 kharub - PF 65 RB ("top pop," tied with one other for finest known in the NGC census); 2 kharub - PF 64 RB ("top pop," tied with two others for finest known in the NGC census); 1 kharub - PF 63 RB; 1/2 kharub - PF 65 RB; 1/4 kharub - PF 63 RB. NGC #4251638-001, -002, -003, -004, -005, and -006. Pedigreed to the F.P. Briand collection (Heritage auction of 2016, lot 31665).

Uruguay (struck at the Santiago Mint), three-coin set of 1000 pesos in various metals, 1969, FAO commemoratives, all finest known or "top pop" in NGC census: gold, NGC PF 68 Ultra Cameo; silver, NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo; bronze, NGC MS 65 BN. KM-55, 55a, 55b. 87.85 grams total. Well-matched set of three identical low-mintage proofs in gold, silver and copper, the first two brightly lustrous and the third with lovely violet-gold toning, the gold and copper finest known in the NGC census and the silver tied with one other for that honor. NGC #5965226-003, -004, -002.

Caracas, Venezuela, "imitation cob" 2 reales, date "184" (early 1800s), NGC VF 35. Cal-747; KM-C13.1; Stohr-9. 5.25 grams. Slightly off-center pillars and cross, thereby enabling some interesting peripheral elements to be visible (flowers and dots), lustrous with spots of dark toning. NGC #2851549-008.

Caracas, Venezuela, "imitation cob" 2 reales, date "471" (early 1800s), NGC VF 35. Cal-749; KM-C13.1; Stohr-9. 4.80 grams. A bit irregular in shape but with bold details set off by very light toning on satin-smooth fields. NGC #2851549-009.

Caracas, Venezuela, 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820 BS, proper quadrants, rare, NGC VF details / holed. Cal-1028; KM-C7.2; Stohr-12. Attractively toned, with full details and some outer border, typically holed at bottom (medal alignment), desirable as the largest denomination struck in Caracas during the struggle for independence. NGC #4332661-012

Caracas, Venezuela, 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817 BS, transposed quadrants, NGC VF details / cleaned. Cal-728; KM-C6.1; Stohr-11. Very sharp full details with very light toning on fields, slightly off-center strike, light marks and minor surface porosity. NGC #4332661-004

Caracas, Venezuela, 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1819/8 BS, transposed quadrants, NGC AU details / graffiti. Cal-731; KM-C6.1; Stohr-11. 5.29 grams. Choice grade with sharp full details and satin-smooth surfaces harboring faint luster under light rainbow toning, slightly off-center strike, several deliberate scratches including an X below the cross. NGC #5961966-003.

Caracas, Venezuela (under Gran Colombia), 1/4 real, 1821, dot between 1 and 9, eight long rays and sixteen short rays, very rare. Restrepo-143.1; KM-C31; Stohr-13b. 0.60 gram. The first silver 1/4 real of Venezuela is a famous rarity, and this is an excellent example with bold full details and smooth surfaces (not pitted or uneven like most), also well centered and nicely toned (albeit with evidence of cleaning), curiously missing some of the "teeth" in the borders. XRF test indicates 80% silver. Pedigreed to the Gran Colombia collection and to the Fred Badler collection and to the Miguel Santana collection.

Venezuela (struck at the Paris Mint), gold 5 venezolanos, 1875-A, NGC AU 55. KM-Y17; Fr-4. Bright, light color, with areas of amber toning near bottom of obverse, some light high-point wear and tiny marks on obverse, one-year type. NGC #3217829-015.

Venezuela, 2 bolivares, 1887, NGC MS 63 PL, finest known in NGC census. KM-Y23. This lovely piece appears to be some kind of specimen strike, as the fields are brightly lustrous and show strong vertical die-polish, while the details are sharp and frosty (hence the prooflike designation) and the rims are high and sharp, traces of spotty toning, not just the finest known for this date-variety at NGC but the only one in PL. NGC #5969256-001.

Venezuela, copper essai 2 centavos, 1863-E, NGC SP 62 BN. KM-E2. Deep, dark, purplish toning over luster, all details sharp but with a modicum of tiny bagmarks. NGC #5913665-008.

Venezuela, copper essai 1 centavo, 1863-E, NGC SP 65 BN ("top pop"). KM-E1. Dark brass base with tinge of rainbow colors on lustrous surfaces, the details sharp and completely devoid of marks, strong diagonal die-polish lines on reverse, tied with three others for finest in NGC census. NGC #5913665-009.

Yemen, gold riyal, al-Nasir Ahmad bin Yahya (Imam Ahmad), AH1378 (1959), NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. KM-YG17.2; Fr-8. A large and interesting coin apparently (by weight) struck in the equivalent of four British sovereigns (normally seen with an incuse Arabic 4 punched above the sword handles, but not in this case) using dies for the silver Ahmadi riyal, also with evidence of having been struck over another coin (the undercoin details too faint for us to attribute, possibly just a rotated double-strike), lustrous and close to pristine despite some surface roughness (as made) and tiny marks, the finer of just two in the current NGC census. NGC #4445782-014. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018 (lot 21422) and to the Heritage auction of August 2017 (lot 30494).

Yemen, gold 1/2 riyal, al-Nasir Ahmad bin Yahya (Imam Ahmad), AH1371 (1952), NGC MS 66, finest known in NGC census. KM-YG16.1; Fr-9. Brilliantly lustrous in light yellow gold, the fields slightly rough (as made) but all details sharp and lacking any wear or marks, with incuse Arabic 2 punched above the sword handles to denote equivalence to two British sovereigns, the finer of just two in the current NGC census. NGC #3812921-012. Pedigreed to the Heritage auction of April 2015 (lot 30721).