ACHAEMENID EMPIRE, Sardeis in Lydia (Persia), AV daric, type of Darius I (ca. 450 BC), NGC UNCIRCULATED (Money of the Bible). BMC Arabia pl. XXV, 12. Persian king or hero, wearing kidaris and kandys, quiver over shoulder, in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear in right hand and bow in left / Incuse punch. Very early coinage with a modicum of design, well centered in oblong shape. The Achaemenid series began in the late sixth century BC and lasted until Alexander the Great conquered Persia in the 330s BC. The term "daric" was used by the Greeks as a term for Persian coinage, particularly gold, and its name derives from the Persian king Darius I, under whom the Persian coinage began. The daric was one of the earliest coins used by the Jewish people and appears in Bible references. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Aeolis, Cyme, AR tetradrachm, ca. mid-2nd century BC, stephanophoric type, NGC Ch XF / strike 4/5, surface 4/5. BMC 83; Oakley 78. 16.76 grams. Diademed head of the Amazon Cyme right, wearing tainia / Horse prancing right; below raised foreleg, one-handled skyphos (cup) below; AMΦIKTYΩN below; all within wreath. Stephanophoric refers to the wreath border on the reverse and this style became popular around the eastern Aegean soon after Athens introduced the type as the now-named "New Style" tetradrachms. The engraved dies created a somewhat convex obverse and concave reverse and the coins became especially popular in the city-states of Aeolis-Myrina, Aeolis-Kyme, and Magnesia ad Maeandrum. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Athens, Attica, AR tetradrachm "owl," ca. 454-404 BC. Kroll-8; HGC-4, 1597. 17.09 grams. Helmeted head of Athena right / Owl standing right, head facing, spread tail feathers; olive sprig to left; all within incuse square. Typically chunky with bright silver appearance from cleaning, well-centered VF.

ANCIENT GREEK, Calabria, Taras, AR didrachm, ca. 302-280 BC, "boy on dolphin," NGC XF. Vlasto 687. Nude horseman carrying small round shield, left / Taras astride dolphin holding a bunch of grapes left. Mostly well centered, the details rather soft. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Cicilia, Nagidus, AR stater, ca. 400-333 BC, NGC MS / strike 4/5, surface 5/5. Lederer 25; SNG France 2, 21; BMC 12. 10.74 grams. Aphrodite enthroned left, wearing turreted crown, with phiale in outstretched right hand over lit garlanded altar; Cupid standing left behind crowning Aphrodite with wreath in raised right hand / NAΓIΔEΩ-N, Dionysus standing facing, head left, grape bunch, vine sprig and thyrsus in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left. Lovely, well centered, lustrous, and bright. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Lucania, Metapontum, AR nomos, 334-330 BC. Historia Numorum Italy 1581; Johnson Class C. 7.77 grams. Head of Demeter right, wearing grain wreath and triple-pendant earring / Barley ear with leaf right. Bold and well-detailed VF+ with deep steely toning.

ANCIENT GREEK, Kings of Macedon, AV stater, Philip III Arrhidaeus, 323-317 BC, year 14 (320/19 BC), Sidon mint, NGC Ch XF / strike 4/5, surface 3/5. Price P171. 8.62 grams. Head of Athena right, hair flowing loosely below, wearing pendant earring, necklace, and triple-crested Corinthian helmet pushed back on head, long intersecting crest ends, bowl decorated with coiled serpent right / Nike standing facing, head left, wreath in outstretched right hand, stylis cradled in left arm; AΘ monogram above torch in left field; ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟY right. Well centered with strong details. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Kings of Macedon, AR tetradrachm, Alexander III ("the Great"), 336-323 BC. 17.21 grams. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress / AΛEΞANΔPOY Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, scepter in left, Ξ (date) in left field, ΣI beneath throne. XF, struck on chunky, compact flan, the high points worn but with visible details.

ANCIENT GREEK, Kings of Macedon, AR tetradrachm, Alexander III ("the Great"), 336-323 BC. 16.73 grams. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress / AΛEΞANΔPOY Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, scepter in left, star in left field below monogram. XF struck on a chunky, compact flan, the high points worn but with visible details.

ANCIENT GREEK, Kings of Macedon, AR tetradrachm, Alexander III ("the Great"), 336-323 BC, Arados mint, issue of Ptolemy I as satrap, NGC Ch XF / strike 5/5, surface 5/5. Price 3426 (Byblos). 17.18 grams. Head of Herakles to right, wearing lion's skin headdress / AΛEΞANΔPOY Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand, scepter in left; (AP) monogram in left field. Outstanding example with lots of dark rainbow toning, crisply struck details. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT GREEK, Macedon under Roman rule, AR tetradrachm, ca. 167-149 BC, First Meris, Amphipolis mint. Prokopov, Silver 213-229; SNG Copenhagen 1315; HGC 3, 1103. 16.68 grams. Diademed and draped bust of Artemis right, bow and quiver over shoulder, all within tondo of a Macedonian shield ornamented / Club; monogram and MAKEΔONΩN above, ΠPΩTHΣ and two monograms below; all within oak wreath, thunderbolt to left. Nice XF example, with toning in crevices, well centered.

ANCIENT GREEK, Thrace, Pella, AR tetradrachm, Lysimachos, 305-281 BC, ex-Wolfe. Thompson 252; Muller 473. 17.21 grams. Head of deified Alexander with horn of Ammon / ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ - ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ; Athena Nikephorous seated, monogram to inner left and K in exergue. VF+ with lovely toning, shiny highlights, good detail and nicely centered, neat pedigree. Pedigreed to the C.H. Wolfe Collection, also shown in the Cincinnati Art Museum, 1994-2008, No. 104.

ANCIENT ROMAN, Roman Republic, AR denarius, Q. Fabius Labeo, 124 BC, Rome mint. Crawford 273/1; Sydenham 532. 3.64 grams. LABEO before, ROMA behind, helmeted head of Roma right, X below chin / Jupiter in quadriga right, prow below; Q FABI in exergue. Choice VF+, well centered, with lovely even toning.

ANCIENT ROMAN, Roman Republic, AR denarius, Gargonius, Ogulnius, and Vergilius, 86 BC, Rome mint. Crawford 350A/2 ; Sydenham 723; RSC Anonymous 226. 3.49 grams. Laureate head of Apollo right, thunderbolt below neck / Jupiter driving quadriga right, holding reins and preparing to hurl thunderbolt. Nicely centered XF with good detail.

ANCIENT ROMAN, Roman Imperatorial, AR denarius, Brutus (died 42 BC), issue as moneyer, ca. 54 BC, NGC Ch XF / strike 4/5, surface 5/5. Crawford 433/2; Sydenham 907; Junia 30; RBW 1543. 3.71 grams. Bare head of L. Junius Brutus right / Bare head of C. Servilius Ahala right. Choice strike and important piece of history as, in 44 BC, Brutus conspired with others to slay the tyrant Julius Caesar. This type celebrates two of his ancestors, Lucius Junius Brutus and Gaius Servillus Ahala, who both overthrew those who ruled or sought to rule them. Pedigreed to the Empire Coins auction of November 1986, with original lot-tag 279. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT ROMAN, Roman Empire, AV aureus, Nero, 54-68 AD, NGC XF / strike 5/5, surface 4/5 (brushed). RIC 52; BMCRE 67; Cohen 118. 7.37 grams. Laureate head right / IVPPITER CVSTOS, Jupiter seated left, holding thunderbolt and scepter. This reverse type commemorates the protection of Nero from the Pisonian Conspiracy. Events of the years 64-65 defined the subsequent reputation of Nero as a cruel and self-indulgent ruler. His "excesses" resulted in a conspiracy to overthrow and replace him with Gaius Calpurnius Piso. Among the conspirators were many high-ranking members of Nero's court including Seneca the Younger, the poet Lucan, and Petronius, who called himself Nero's "arbiter of elegance." To Nero, the failure of a conspiracy made up of those so close to him could have been achieved only through divine intervention. As the king of the Gods oversaw the security of the Roman state, Nero believed it was Jupiter the Guardian (Custos) who had saved him from harm. This example is well centered and rosy gold in color. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ANCIENT ROMAN, Roman Empire, AR denarius, Geta, Struck under Septimius Severus and Caracalla, AD 200-205, Rome mint. RIC IV 9a; RSC 38a. 3.74 grams. Bareheaded and draped bust right / FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. XF details, well centered, with some staining on obverse.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE, Constantinople mint, AV histamenon nomisma, Constantine IX (1042-1055). Sear 1830. 4.38 grams. Christ Pantokrator enthroned facing / Crowned facing bust of Constantine, wearing loros, holding labarum and plain globus cruciger. XF with reddish undertones, no cupping.

ANCIENT JUDAEA, Jerusalem, AE prutah, First Jewish War, Year 3 (68-69 AD). GBC 6, 6392. 2.02 grams. Year Three (Paleo-Hebrew), amphora with broad rim, two handles, and conical lid decorated with tiny globes hanging around the edge / The Freedom of Zion (Paleo-Hebrew), vine leaf on small branch with tendril. Well centered, with lots of detail visible amidst sedimentation. The First Jewish War was the first of three major Jewish rebellions against the Roman Empire. Fought in the province of Judaea, it resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish Temple, mass displacement, land appropriation, and the dissolution of the Jewish polity.

ARGENTINA (River Plate Provinces), Potosí mint, 8 soles, 1815 FL, NGC AU 53. Janson-6.1.10; KM-15. Very deep, rich, colorful toning all over, boldly struck but with parts of rims weak or missing, overall a lovely example for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (River Plate Provinces), Potosí mint, ½ real, 1815 F, NGC MS 63. Janson-17.1.4; KM-1.2. Fabulously lustrous with light golden toning, also choice strike with nearly full rims, second highest grade in NGC census behind a pair of MS 64's. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (River Plate Provinces), Potosí mint, ½ sol, 1815 FL, NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census. Janson-18.1.1; KM-10. Bold strike with incredible luster, parts of rims weak or missing due to slightly off-center strike, still incomparable quality for this smallest sunface issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (River Plate Provinces), La Rioja mint, 2 soles, 1825, Ca De BAs variety, NGC AU 50, finest known in NGC census. Janson-43.1; KM-18. Rather bold strike (including rims) with areas of luster within dark toning, exceptional grade for this popular sunface type with extended abbreviation of Compañía de Buenos Aires stated in legend. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Córdoba), 8 reales, 1852, NGC AU 55. Janson-63.1.1; KM-32. Lightly rainbow toned over luster, slightly weak sunface but full rims, one-year type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Córdoba), 4 reales, 1851, small sunface, NGC MS 62. Janson-61.1; KM-24.3. Strong luster and peripheral strike (including rims) but the sunface slightly weak, faintly toned, overall choice grade (currently tied with two others in the NGC census for second finest behind a single MS 63). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Córdoba), 2 reales, 1849, seven-pointed sun, NGC AU 58. Janson-57.1.1; KM-27. Light luster and toning, slightly crude sunface and parts of rim but overall choice grade (currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Córdoba), 1 real, 1848, eight-pointed sun, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Janson-56.1.1; KM-26. Choice luster with light rainbow toning, full details including rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Córdoba), ¼ real, no date (1853-54), eight-pointed sun, NGC AU 58. Janson-68.1.1; KM-33.1. Anepigraphic type with sunface on one side and 1|4 on other, bold strike with deep rich toning all over, wide flan extending past design on both sides. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (La Rioja), "imitation cob" 2 reales, 1822, very rare, NGC XF details / tooled. Janson-5.2; KM-1. 5.65 grams. Attractively toned and exceptionally complete example of this very rare type, boldly struck with denomination 2 above full RIOXA and date with A to right within pillars above waves, below which is a rarely seen rosette, with full castles and lions contained in a bold cross on reverse showing the letters S L R A at the cardinal points. Some traces of encrustation removal are present, along with fine scratches around the cross, a typical surface disturbance for imitation cobs. Contrary to other Argentine imitation issues of the period, these La Rioja pieces were struck in comparatively high fineness. The A to the right of the date is attributed to Anguinán, in the Chilecito district of La Rioja, right next to the silver mines in the Famatina mountain. Following the Spanish recovery of Potosí in 1815, the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata suffered a severe shortage of coined money, increasing interest in the silver resources of Famatina. Under Nicolás Dávila, coin production in the region became more systematic between 1821 and 1823. According to Mariano Cohen’s study in the 2016 book Monedas Argentinas de Emergencia 1815–1823, by Fernando Chao (h), Mariano Cohen, Roberto E. Díaz, and Emilio Paoletti, the S A L R appearing on this coin stands for Sud América La Rioja. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (La Rioja), 8 reales, 1838 R, coin alignment, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Janson-55.2; KM-8. Brilliant cartwheel luster and perfect strike, with a modicum of bagmarks but blatantly choice in grade (albeit bettered by a few at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (La Rioja), 8 reales, 1839-R, normal laurels, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Janson-56.2; KM-8. Deep, rich, colorful toning over lustrous surfaces, well struck with only light high-point wear and a minor edge flaw, attractive example for the scarcer variety without filaments between the leaves and berries in the laurels on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (La Rioja), ½ real, 1854 B, CONFEDERACION obverse, CRED PUB reverse, NGC MS 65. Janson-73.1; KM-22. Nearly prooflike luster and frosty details, choice strike with just a few weak areas on rims, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 66. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (North Argentina), cast "imitation cob" 8 reales, 1769 (struck 1816-22). Janson-3.1; KM-unl. 21.75 grams. Broad flan for the type, with bold denomination 8 and fairly clear 69 of date, VG with patchy toning, interesting imitation type in lower fineness and weight that is not yet fully cataloged.

ARGENTINA (Tucumán), "imitation cob" 2 reales, "752" date (1820-1), proper quadrants in cross, rare. Janson-unl (cf 4.2); KM-1. 4.92 grams. Potentially important new variety with castles at top left and bottom right inside the full cross, the well-centered full pillars showing -2- at top, V-SVL-T across middle, and P-752- at bottom, XF+ with dark patch on cross side, otherwise nicely toned all over.

ARGENTINA, 1 peso "patacón," 1881, NGC MS 61. Janson-12; KM-29. Choice strike and good luster, faintly toned but also with splashes of red and blue on reverse, some bagmarks but no hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA, 1 peso "patacón," 1882, close 2, NGC MS 61. Janson-13.1.2; KM-29. Vibrant, splashy toning over strong luster for the assigned grade, light bagmarks, no hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA, 1 peso "patacón," 1883, rare, NGC MS 62. Janson-14; KM-29. Rare final year of this popular crown-sized type, with only 98,000 coins struck, scarcer still in Mint State (only two finer at NGC in MS 63), this choice example with attractive original luster overlain with faint rainbow toning, particularly bold strike showing national arms and Liberty design characteristic of Oudiné’s celebrated patacón series. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1767 JR, six-petal rosette below shield, rare, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P8.67b; Janson-58.1.1; KM-50. AXF with strong details set off by contrasting toning, nearly full rims, first date of type and a rare variety with ornate six-petal florette at bottom (which Yonaka rates as R) various small marks here and there. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1768/7 JR, small J in assayer, very rare, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P4.68c1; Janson-59.2.1. Lightly toned VF+, clear top bar of under-digit 7 and small-J assayer (rated R3 by Yonaka) a variety that was not listed by Gilboy as an overdate. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1769 JR, fancy 9, NGC VF details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P4.69; Janson-59.3.3. Nicely contrasting toning (lighter on fields due to old cleaning), good details for the grade but with parts of rims weak. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1770 JR, NGC VF details / cleaned. Yonaka-P4.70; Janson-59.4.3. Lightly toned over semi-lustrous surfaces due to old cleaning, common variety for this final date of type with normal-sized JR assayer (misleadingly indicated as "small JR" on NGC label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1767 JR, dot above mintmark, NGC XF 45, finest known in NGC census, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P2.67; Janson-60.1.1; KM-48; Cal-706. Sharp details with full rims and light gray toning, the sole finest of just three graded by NGC. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 1 real, Charles III, 1767 JR, NGC VF details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P1.67; Janson-61.1.1. Bold (toned) legends and rims but inner design more lightly struck, with minor marks and semi-lustrous surfaces from old cleaning. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 1 real, Charles III, 1769 JR, fancy 9, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-P1.69; Janson-61.3. Bold strike with sharp details and mostly strong rims, a few marks and hairlines below QUE, very lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774 JR, NGC MS 62. Janson-63.2. Lightly toned and well struck with full and strong rims, muted luster, minor bagmarks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1777 PR, NGC MS 61. Janson-63.3; KM-55, Cal-1171. Very bold strike with rich toning over strong luster for the assigned grade, more like MS 62 in our estimation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779 PR, NGC AU 58. Janson-63.8.3; Cal-1176; KM-55. Brightly lustrous, lacking toning as lightly cleaned, nearly full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779 PR, NGC AU 58. Janson-63.8.3; Cal-1176; KM-55. Full rims, strong luster overlain with rainbow toning (the reverse a nice purplish blue), lightly cleaned prior. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1791 PR, NGC MS 60. Janson-76.3; KM-73; Cal-991. Broad flan with incomplete rims, frosty with luster but somewhat weakly struck centers and with light hairlines throughout, desirable first date of the proper-bust type, currently third finest of 22 in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1792 PR, NGC MS 61, "top pop." Janson-76.4.2; KM-73; Cal-992. Brilliantly lustrous and well struck on a broad flan (weak rims), light surface hairlines, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 PR, NGC MS 63+, "top pop." Janson-76.5; KM-73; Cal-993. Brilliant cartwheel luster, very full and complete rims, weak area at top of reverse but otherwise pristine and well struck, currently tied with just one other for finest known in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 PR, NGC MS 62+. Janson-76.5; KM-73; Cal-993. Brilliant luster and choice full rims, minimal bagmarks, obverse-reverse axis rotated by 15 degrees. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 PR, NGC MS 62. Janson-76.5; KM-73; Cal-993. Nearly prooflike with frosty details and mirrored lustrous fields, minor central weakness and adjustment marks on reverse, broad flan with nearly full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 PR, NGC MS 62. Janson-76.5; KM-73; Cal-993. Complete rims, well-detailed strike with good luster, minor spotting at top of head. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 PR, NGC MS 61. Janson-76.5; KM-73; Cal-993. Brightly lustrous, broad flan with incomplete rims, some faint hairlines on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803 PJ, NGC MS 61, "top pop," ex-Almenara. Janson-76.15; KM-73; Cal-1007. Bold strike and strong luster, nearly full rims, minimal bagmarks and hairlines, currently tied with just one other for finest known in the NGC census. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803 PJ, struck 5% off-center mint error, NGC Mint Error XF details / environmental damage. Janson-76.15; KM-73; Cal-1007. Deeply rainbow toned over muted luster, a few minor flaws associated with the egregious centering error (which is rare to see on this type) but also an area of surface porosity near top of reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, La Plata. Fonrobert-unl; Medina-311; Herrera-26. 33.06 grams. 45 mm. Obverse with crowned, rampant lion holding down a two-headed eagle with his lower paw, the upper paw touching a double-stacked castle, inside legend . FERDINANDO . VII HISP . ET IND . R . [La Plata monogram] . 1808; reverse with La Plata city arms (double-headed eagle, three mountains, four castles) inside legend . OPTIMO . PRINC . PUBLICE . FIDELIT . IURAT . ; square-and-circle edge per bust-type 8 reales. AU with splashy rainbow toning, weak rims, plugged hole at top but nevertheless an attractive example of this scarce and popular proclamation medal ordered by Don Domingo de Aníbarro with symbolism showing support for the Spanish resistance under Ferdinand VII against the Napoleonic regime in Spain. Note: Previously this issue was mis-cataloged as Fonrobert-9391, which has the same reverse legend but different design.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813 PJ, king's ordinal as IIV, rare, NGC VF 35, ex-Almenara. Janson-86.3.2; KM-84; Cal-1376. Evenly toned and problem-free, with weakly struck crown and top of bust, also with incomplete rims, but overall a desirable example of this famous error. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, 8 reales-sized award medal, Ferdinand VII, 1816, rare. Fonrobert-9401; Cunietti-816/01/02. 26.22 grams. Obverse with bust of king within legend EL REY EN PREMIO DE LA FIDELIDAD Y DE LA VIRTUD ANO DE 1816; reverse with crossed palm and olive branches inside crown within legend APRECIENSE LOS SERVICIOS DE ESTE MI BENEMERITO VASSALLO; diagonally reeded edge. Once cleaned, now deeply toned with splashes of blue and purple, some heavy old scratches but unholed (rare thus). This issue was an award for loyal indigenous people who participated in the re-conquest of Potosí by the Spanish, expelling the patriot troops of General José Rondeau Pereyra.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1775 JR, NGC MS 62. Janson-66.3.1; KM-52; Cal-474. Superb strike (including rims) with choice luster and light toning, pristine surfaces save for very faint hairlines, currently tied with just one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 63+. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold 8 scudos, 1852, bust of Bolívar facing right, PCGS AU53. KM-116; Fr-33. Well struck, with traces of toning around strong details, most of rims, minor natural flaw in field below BOLIVIANA. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold ½ scudo, 1868 FE, NGC MS 65, "top pop," ex-Caballero. KM-140; Fr-140. Scarce one-year type, bold strike with full details, rich gold color, virtually incomparable grade, in fact tied with just one other (the Lissner specimen sold in 2014), with none higher at PCGS. Pedigreed to the Caballero de las Yndias Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, 4 soles, 1830 JL, NGC MS 63. KM-96a.1. Nearly prooflike with frosty details and brilliant cartwheel luster, full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BRAZIL, Rio, 960 reis, João VI, 1818-R, struck over an Argentina (River Plate Provinces, Potosí mint) 8 reales 1815 (F), rare. LMB-476; KM-326.1. 26.68 grams. Mildly lustrous, lightly toned AU with lots of under-coin details including sunface and rays on one side and date on the other side, the 8 reales denomination (versus 8 soles) based on the shape of the digits of the date.

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1768 A, upright assayer, very rare, NGC AU details / harshly cleaned, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-2139; KM-25; Fr-11. 26.80 grams. Bright yellow gold with strong remaining detail throughout, particularly on the reverse, where the crowned arms, Golden Fleece collar, outward-facing mintmark and assayer A (as opposed to the earlier inverted-A variety) are all full and sharp, the rims incomplete due to inexact centering, and the obverse (only) a bit striated from cleaning (as noted by NGC), but with important and desirable pedigree. Curiously, this assayer variety appears to be even rarer than the inverted-A and A-over-inverted-A varieties, as the correction took place late in the year, confirmed by a lack of recent auction appearances and the fact that this is the only example certified by either NGC or PCGS. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 107). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1782/71 DA, NGC AU 50 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Segarra. Cal-2165; KM-27; Fr-15. 26.94 grams. Bright yellow luster with very little wear (if any) and minimal marks, light adjustment marks to right of bust, close to MS in our opinion, but in any case a rather desirable example of this scarce overdate variety among a mintage of 40,000 for the year. Pedigreed to the Segarra Collection (stated on label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1783 DA, NGC AU 55, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-2168; KM-27; Fr-15. 26.80 grams. Choice bold details, the reverse well centered but the obverse slightly off center, still with nearly full rim detail, with every feature of the portrait strong and with excellent luster and rich gold color, lots of eye appeal for the type, from a reported mintage of just 34,000 coins, also well pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 119). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 DA, NGC AU 53. Cal-2177; KM-27; Fr-15. Bold details with lovely red toning over luster inside of strong rims (incomplete due to slightly off-center strike), fairly low mintage (42,000 struck), with only light high-point friction and scattered minor handling marks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 DA, NGC AU 58. Cal-1751; KM-42; Fr-19. 27.03 grams. Rich gold color with choice red toning over strong luster, sharply defined portrait (with small natural pit on cheek) and bold legends, minimal wear on highest points, desirable first year of the transitional type. Pedigreed to the Michel Dürr and Roland Michel (Geneva) auction of November 1999, lot 64. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 DA, NGC AU details / private countermark (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1751; KM-42; Fr-19. Rich gold color with beautiful rainbow toning all over, choice strike with nearly full rims, a few light marks but also with a small, deeply impressed countermark below the denomination consisting of a cross inside a triangle, currently unattributed but apparently a contemporary merchant or goldsmith’s mark. This intriguing mark closely matches a divided-triangle countermark recorded on a 1794 Mexico City 8 escudos, likewise placed below the 8 on the reverse and certified by NGC as a private countermark. The appearance of what may be the same punch on gold coins from two different Spanish American mints suggests use by a merchant, goldsmith, banking house, or trading center involved in the circulation and verification of international gold, hence a compelling reminder that Spanish American gold circulated far beyond its mints of origin, passing through Caribbean trade networks and into the early United States, where merchants, goldsmiths, and banking houses all routinely tested, and in some cases marked, acceptable foreign gold for circulation. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III, ordinal IIII), 1802 JJ, PCGS AU 53. Cal-1770; KM-54; Fr-23. Nice luster and rich gold color, with just a modicum of marks and only light high-point wear. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII ("admiral bust"), 1810 FJ, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1863; KM-72; Fr-28. Exceptionally bold strike with complete rims, strong luster (lightly polished) but no wear or major marks, desirable example of this ever-popular transitional type with distinctive bust attributable only to the Santiago mint. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 FJ, NGC AU details / obv cleaned, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-1871; KM-78; Fr-29. 26.80 grams. Rich gold color with lovely red toning over lots of luster, complete rims, trace of softness on bust with the field to right exhibiting minor lamination flaws and less toning (minor cleaning), from a reported mintage of just 29,000 pieces. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 177). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1786 DA, very rare, NGC AU 50, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1879; KM-33; Fr-16. Choice strike with full rims, excellent luster, just some wear on bust and minor lamination flaws on reverse, from a very low mintage of just 697 pieces, rarely offered, particularly in high grade such as this coin. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1788 DA, very rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1882; KM-33; Fr-16. Choice luster and nearly full rims, just some wear and light marks on bust (arguably AU, but still finer than the best at NGC at XF 40), a highly desirable "finest known" example of this terminal date of Charles III in this denomination with a reported mintage of just 1,020 pieces, clearly an important opportunity for the advanced Chilean colonial gold collector. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1796 DA, rare, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1566; KM-62; Fr-26. Choice luster, great strike with full rims, just a little weakness in center on reverse and light wear on bust, also with 15-degree rotation in obverse/reverse axis, from a reported mintage of 6,970 pieces, with very few examples appearing in the modern auction record, this being the sole straight-graded example recorded by either PCGS or NGC. A significant opportunity for the advanced Chilean gold specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1797 DA, rare, PCGS VF20, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1567; KM-62; Fr-26. Deeply red toned with lighter high points exhibiting honest, even wear, from a reported mintage of only 5,950 pieces and notably missing in certified condition (none at NGC) except for this single piece from PCGS, also without any recent auction appearances. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1799 DA, very rare, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Godoy. Cal-1569; KM-62; Fr-26. Rich gold color, with only minor flaws and marks and wear on bust, from a reported mintage of just 2,754 pieces and to our knowledge one of only two in the auction record of the past several decades, also the only certified example known to us, another important opportunity for the Chilean specialist. Pedigreed to the Godoy Collection (Aureo auction of March 2004, lot 443). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1800 AJ, extremely rare, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1571; KM-62; Fr-26. Light gold color, very sharply detailed with nice luster and impressively complete rims, from a very low reported mintage of just 646 pieces, the sole example certified by PCGS, tying the Caballero de las Yndias specimen certified in the same grade by NGC, these two being the only examples appearing at auction in the past few decades. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1806 FJ/JF, extremely rare, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1577; KM-62; Fr-26. Bold details due to outlining toning, the bust slightly weak, with honest even wear all over, light yellow color, from a reported mintage of just 204 pieces, of which this is the only one straight-graded by either PCGS or NGC regardless of the over-assayer (which PCGS did not recognize anyway), the only other one we know of being tooled around a large lamination on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1808/7 FJ, rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1579; KM-62; Fr-26. Choice bold strike with strong rims and luster, very light high-point wear (arguably AU), from a reported mintage of just 1,207 coins for this final year of Charles IV, the only example at PCGS and clearly superior to NGC's only entry rated VF details, with a couple other damaged specimens seen in recent auction records. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 FJ, extremely rare, NGC AU 50, finest known in NGC census, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-1739; KM-77; Fr-31. 13.66 grams. Rich gold color with delicate reddish toning over underlying luster, full rims and bold peripheral details and date, some characteristic central softness but considerably stronger overall detail than usually seen for this rare issue, with a reported five or six examples known, only two of which are graded. Finest graded at either NGC or PCGS, the next finest at NGC being VF 30, further enhanced by its distinguished Norweb pedigree. Just 68 pieces are reported for 1817, although production continued in subsequent years under the Republic, apparently retaining the 1817 date and colonial design. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 169). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VI (bust of Philip V), 1758 J, extremely rare, NGC AU 53, finest known in NGC census, ex-Segarra, KM Plate. Cal-687; KM-11; Fr-6a. A famous and important Chilean rarity, struck in just one date and only with the bust of the previous king, this example quite lovely with deep red toning over luster, light high-point wear and slightly off-center strike, but undeniably the finest known, in fact one of only three in existence among a reported mintage of 443 pieces. The other two are as follows: 1. The Norweb specimen (auctioned by Spink America in 1997), a holed coin believed to be the only other example in the NGC census (XF details), with published pedigrees dating back to Rafael González's 1908 work Colección Completa de Monedas de Chile 2. The José Toribio Medina specimen, plated in his 1919 works Manual Ilustrado de Numismática Chilena: La Colonia, and Las Monedas Coloniales Hispanoamericanas, now permanently held in the collection of the Banco de Chile The present coin, plated in the KM references, is the Fernando Segarra specimen, originating from the Superior auction of December 1990, where it was pictured on the catalog cover, subsequently appearing in auctions by Ponterio, Cayón, and Sedwick. In practical terms, this is the only desirably collectible example of the three known, since the Norweb specimen is heavily impaired and the Medina specimen is institutionally held and unavailable to the market. Only one person can own it.... Pedigreed to the Segarra Collection (stated on label) and the Superior auction of December 1990 (lot 38), also Sedwick Auction 9 (lot 90), and Plate Coin in the KM Standard Catalog references. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1777/6 DA, very rare, PCGS VF20, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-unl (Type 160); KM-unl; Fr-17. Broad flan with bold overdate, bright luster and very light in color, only minor marks and even wear, arguably equivalent to the only other example we have seen in recent decades that was NGC VF 25 but has since left the census. Neither Calicó nor KM list any dates between 1774 and 1782 (let alone this overdate). Note: The PCGS label states "2 R" (silver) in error, but their census has no entries for 2 escudos. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 DA, very rare, NGC VF 30. Cal-1405; KM-40; Fr-21. Broad flan with full rims, rich gold color, well struck and evenly circulated with just some light scuffs on bust, from a reported mintage of just 1,632 pieces, notably rarer than the Charles III version for this year, one of just two in the NGC census (the other XF 40) with none at PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1801 AJ, very rare, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1417; KM-53; Fr-24. Light yellow and bright with luster, bold strike with full rims and a few marks but minimal wear, from a remarkably low mintage of just 680 pieces, this being the finest certified as the only one at PCGS with two at NGC in VF 20 and VF 30, also surely the finest of just three examples sold at auction in recent decades. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1807 FJ, extremely rare, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1424; KM-53; Fr-24. Very choice strike and luster, with complete rims and lovely yellow color, from a remarkably low mintage of just 340 pieces, the only entry in the PCGS census with none at NGC, and also none appearing in recent auction records. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1813 FJ, extremely rare, PCGS F15, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1660; KM-81; Fr-31a. Rich gold color with bold rims and nice reverse, the bust rather flat (as made) and lightly circulated (more like VF net to our eyes, but at least straight-graded), in any case one of very few known among a recorded mintage of just 1,020 pieces, the only one at NGC being AU details. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1779 DA, rare, NGC MS 62, "top pop." Cal-1486; KM-26; Fr-18. Brightly lustrous in light yellow gold with all details sharply struck and well preserved, particularly the complete rims, re-punched 9 in date, from a reported mintage of just 6,324 pieces, one of just two entries in the NGC census (both at this exceptional grade) with none at PCGS. Pedigreed to the Ira & Larry Goldberg auction of May 2007 (lot 4252). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1783/2 DA, very rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-unl (cf 1490); KM-unl (26 for type); Fr-18. Bright yellow color and luster, with strong full rims and reverse, the bust a little weakly struck but minimally worn (looks more like AU), bold overdate 3/2 but not noted by PCGS, in any case from a reported mintage of just 2,584 pieces, of which this is the only entry for the date at PCGS with none at NGC, just one other example recorded within the past several decades. Pedigreed to the Cayón auction of February 2023 (lot 508). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1784/3 DA, very rare, NGC XF 45, finest known in NGC census, ex-Caballero. KM-26. Rich gold color with choice luster and rims, the central elements slightly weak or possibly lightly worn (arguably AU), bold overdate, from a reported mintage of just 3,264 pieces for the date, by far the finer of just two at NGC (the other being F 12) with none at PCGS, also with notable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Caballero de Yndias Collection (stated on label) and the Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2009 (lot 60). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1788 DA, very rare, NGC VF 30, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1495; KM-26; Fr-18. Rich gold color with light toning, slightly irregular edge with bold rims (extra metal at 9 o'clock on obverse rim), weakly struck bust, final year of Charles III type, from a reported mintage of just 3,672 pieces, the sole example certified by NGC with none at PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791/0 DA, very rare, NGC VF 35, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-unl (cf 1227); KM-unl (52 for type); Fr-unl. Light luster, good strike with full rims, moderate marks and high-point wear per the grade, the 1/0 overdate quite evident and important as establishing that the Charles IV transitional type continued to 1791 (contrary to KM and Fr), this being the sole example in the NGC census (none at PCGS) in addition to a clean-date 1791 with HSIP error in UNC details grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1801 AJ, extremely rare, NGC VF 30, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-1240; KM-61; Fr-27. Full details including broad rims, the portrait bold for the grade, all in an aged yellow color, the sole numerically graded example in the NGC census with none graded by PCGS, from a reported mintage of just 1,088 pieces, of which we can find no auction appearances in the past few decades, perhaps all the way back to 1997 when this coin was sold in Norweb. It is interesting to note that the 8 escudos and 2 escudos of this period continued to use the Charles III bust while the 4 escudos and 1 escudos (like this one) were given the proper portrait of Charles IV. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 128). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1808 FJ, rare, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1249; KM-61; Fr-27. Fabulously lustrous and well struck with full rims and virtually no wear (should be MS), just a typically lightly struck bust and adjustment marks on reverse, the final year of the type, from a reported mintage of just 2,448 pieces, the finer of only two straight-graded examples in the PCGS census with none at NGC (just a couple in Details grades), an impressively flashy coin to be sure. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 FJ, NGC VF details / cleaned, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-1571; KM-76; Fr-32. Lovely red toning, full but slightly crude rims, the anachronistic portrait of Charles IV a bit weakly struck and showing faint hairlines, from a reported mintage of just 22,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 167). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 JF, mintmark and assayers transposed, NGC AU details / obv scratched, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Cal-1572; KM-76; Fr-32. Well-detailed strike (especially the off-center reverse) in warm gold color, the obverse with minor die crack and lamination flaws but also an old scratch across the penultimate digit of the date, from a reported mintage of just 22,000 coins. Note: NGC calls this simply assayer JF, but it was actually an engraving error in which the assayer and mintmark were punched into the die in reverse order, rendering assayer FJ as JF. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 167). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1787 DA, rare, NGC XF details / spot removals (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1223; KM-31. Rather bold full details including rims (a few die cracks), patchy steely toning with a few areas of luster where cleaned long ago, the strike alone worthy of serious consideration for this rare early type, of which only 183,000 were struck for this date (but most melted). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788 DA, rare, NGC AU 50 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1224; KM-31. Lustrous with hairlines overlain with light gold toning, full rims, mild high-point wear on central elements, final date of rare early type with a mintage of 187,000 pieces (most melted), sole second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 62. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789, for the City of Santiago, by Nazáual (Rafael Nazábal), NGC MS 61 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Tarapacá. Fonrobert-9807; Herrera-129; Medina-145. Obverse with bust of Charles IV with NAZAUAL.F at base, 1789 in exergue, within legend CAROLUS IV HISPANIARUM ET IND IMPERAT AUGUST; reverse with crowned city arms (lion with sword inside shield) within legend OPTIMO IMPERAT IUS IURAND SENAT POPUL Q CHILENSIS; plain edge. Choice rare grade, with very light rainbow toning over luster, faint hairlines in open fields. Pedigreed to the Tarapacá Collection (stated on label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789, for Los Indios Araucanos (Araucanian Indians), by Nazáual (Rafael Nazábal), NGC MS 60 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Fonrobert-9805; Herrera-130; Medina-146. Obverse with bust of Charles IV with NAZAUAL.F at base, 1789 in exergue, within legend CAROLUS IV HISPANIARUM ET IND IMPERAT AUGUST; reverse with two natives tending a field with bird to right above exergue OMNIBUS CLEMENS | NAZAUAL INCIDIT, within legend HIGINIUS PREAFECT CHIL PROCLAMIVIT IMPERIUM ET OBTULIT HOMAG POPUL AUST. Choice strike with attractive toning, light hairlines from old polishing. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bronze 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789, for Los Indios Araucanos (Araucanian Indians), by Nazáual (Rafael Nazábal), NGC MS 61 BN (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest and only example in NGC census. Fonrobert-9806; Herrera-130; Medina-146. Obverse with bust of Charles IV with NAZAUAL.F at base, 1789 in exergue, within legend CAROLUS IV HISPANIARUM ET IND IMPERAT AUGUST; reverse with two natives tending a field with bird to right above exergue OMNIBUS CLEMENS | NAZAUAL INCIDIT, within legend HIGINIUS PREAFECT CHIL PROCLAMIVIT IMPERIUM ET OBTULIT HOMAG POPUL AUST. Well-detailed strike, deep chocolate-brown color all over, rare in this choice grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 DA, very rare, NGC XF 45. Cal-1016; KM-39. Well-centered strike on a broad flan with full rims, choice rainbow toning over luster, one of only three examples in the NGC census for this elusive first date of the three-year Charles IV transitional type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 DA, rare, NGC XF 45. Cal-1017; KM-39. Light rainbow toning over luster, broad flan with full rims (the obverse slightly off center), desirable transitional type with a reported mintage of 147,000 coins for this year. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791 DA, NGC AU 50 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1018; KM-39. Richly rainbow toned with traces of luster, die crack on L of king's name and minor flaws on date, choice grade for this transitional rarity (reported mintage of 167,000 coins). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1792 DA, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1020; KM-51. Bright luster and bold details, some hairlines on obverse, elusive date with a reported mintage of 161,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1793 DA, NGC AU 50 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1022; KM-51. Light, low-contrast toning over muted luster, some high-point wear but overall one of the finest on record (none in Mint State at NGC), slightly rotated obverse/reverse axis, reported mintage of 206,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1794 DA, NGC AU details / environmental damage (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1023; KM-51. Broad flan with very deep rainbow toning, choice strike and nearly full rims, just some minor porosity in peripheries, from a reported mintage of 161,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796/5 DA, NGC AU 53 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1025; KM-51. Very light toning over medium luster, slightly off-center strike, obverse/reverse axis a bit rotated, from a reported mintage of 199,000 coins for the date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796 DA, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1026; KM-51. Brightly lustrous and devoid of wear (just a few minor marks), with softly struck areas and void in middle of right pillar (indicative of late die-state), flashy and choice for grade as second finest in the NGC census behind a single AU 58 (none in Mint State), from a reported mintage of 199,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1796 DA, C/R in CAROLUS, rare, NGC VF 35 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1027; KM-51. Deeply toned all over, parts of rims weak, clear C/R in king's name (the rare and famous "CRAROLUS" error), obverse/reverse axis a bit rotated, from a reported mintage of 199,000 coins for the date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1797 DA, NGC XF 45 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1029; KM-51. Very deeply toned, choice strike except for natural flaws in king's name and ordinal, minimal wear (arguably AU), from a reported mintage of 195,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1799 DA, NGC AU 58, "top pop." Cal-1031; KM-51. Deep rainbow toning over strong luster, well-detailed strike (the centering slightly inexact, but rims still nearly full), from a reported mintage of 170,000 coins, tied with one other for finest known in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1800 AJ, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1032; KM-51. Brightly lustrous with faint incipient toning, traces of hairlines, fairly well-centered strike with choice details, desirable "century date" from a reported mintage of 184,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1801 AJ, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1034; KM-51. Boldly struck and richly rainbow toned, with curious struck-through-fiber error at O of king's name, desirable grade as the sole second finest in the NGC census behind a single AU 58 (none in Mint State), from a reported mintage of 185,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1802 JJ, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1037; KM-51. Rainbow toned with much underlying luster, desirable grade, from a reported mintage of 160,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803 FJ/JJ, NGC XF 45 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1040; KM-51. Very bold strike with full rims, choice rainbow toning over muted luster, from a reported mintage of 111,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1803 FJ/JJ, NGC XF 40 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1040; KM-51. Deeply rainbow toned with traces of luster, several small fiber strike-throughs on obverse, from a reported mintage of 111,000 coins for the date, erroneously labeled as 1803/2 overdate by NGC. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804/3 FJ, NGC AU details / cleaned (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1043; KM-51. Brightly cleaned with lustrous surfaces interspersed with cloudy spots, the overdate clear, from a reported mintage of 129,000 coins for the date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1804 FJ, NGC AU details / polished (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1044; KM-51. Very bold details including full rims, lustrous from polishing but with incipient golden hue, from a reported mintage of 129,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1805 FJ, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1045; KM-51. Choice strike (full rims) with faint rainbow toning over luster (looks MS), natural flan flaw from bottom of crown to center of shield, from a reported mintage of 159,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806/5 FJ, NGC AU details / cleaned (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1046; KM-51. Bold strike (slightly off center) with light rainbow toning over luster and faint hairlines, clear overdate with the 6 nearly completely covering the 5, from a reported mintage of 155,000 coins for the date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806 FJ, NGC UNC details / cleaned (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1047; KM-51. Super sharp details and bright luster with localized hairlines, incomplete rims due to slightly off-center strike, from a reported mintage of 155,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1807 FJ, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), "top pop." Cal-1048; KM-51. Broad flan with nearly full rims ringed with beautiful rainbow toning over muted luster, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census, from a reported mintage of 94,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1808 FJ, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1049; KM-51. Bright with luster (faintly hairlined), slightly crude rims (as made), final year of type, from a reported mintage of 134,000 coins. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1812 FJ, NGC AU 53. Cal-1405; KM-80. Broad flan, slightly off-center strike with mostly bold rims, deep rainbow toning over strong luster for the grade, an attractive example of the first year of the non-transitional type with proper portrait of Ferdinand VII (laureate bust), unlike the Santiago gold issues that retained the Charles IV bust all the way until the end of colonial mintage in 1817, from a reported mintage of 307,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 FJ, NGC AU 55+. Cal-1407; KM-80. Broad flan with bold, well-detailed strike emanating from lustrous fields, all graced with rainbow toning, slightly off center, from a reported mintage of 368,000 coins within the short- lived Ferdinand VII portrait series struck during Chile's turbulent independence era. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815 FJ, NGC MS 63. Cal-1408; KM-80. Sharply struck and well centered, with attractive grayish rainbow toning over luster, a few as-made planchet fissures, but overall a particularly appealing high-grade survivor from a reported mintage of 388,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1816 FJ, NGC AU 53. Cal-1409; KM-80. Well-detailed strike with strong luster overlain with rainbow toning that deepens on the reverse (also a couple spots on obverse), slightly off-center strike, faint die crack in king's name, pleasing original appearance overall, from a reported mintage of 386,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 4 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 DA, NGC VF details / rev cleaned. Cal-849; KM-38. Lightly struck bust but bold legends, with light grayish rainbow toning over muted luster, hairlined fields on reverse, from a scarce three-year transitional type retaining the portrait of Charles III with the ordinal IV, from a reported mintage of only 9,000 coins for this year. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 4 reales, Charles IV, 1793 DA, NGC VF 30, finest known in NGC census. Cal-855; KM-60. Pleasing rainbow toning over muted luster, well-centered strike, with desirable eye appeal for the grade and significant as problem-free, scarce date with a reported mintage of just 15,000 coins, one of only two in the NGC census (the other VF details). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1811 FJ, NGC XF details / cleaned. Cal-1118; KM-67. Grayish rainbow toning over muted luster and light hairlines, bold strike with full but slightly crude rims, oddly spaced date with the initial 1 far from the 8, scarce transitional type with a reported mintage of just 6,000 coins for this year. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 1 real, Charles III, 1778/7 DA, rare, NGC F details / cleaned. Cal-512; KM-29. Very deeply rainbow toned, with full but partially weak rims, the portrait also less than bold but the overdate quite clear, probably cleaned long ago but any evidence of such irrelevant at this grade level, from a reported mintage of 95,000 coins for the date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 1 real, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 FJ, PCGS AU details / cleaned. Cal-679; KM-65. Sharply detailed with full rims (slightly crude at bottom on reverse, as made), muted luster and hairlines, spots of dark toning on obverse, final date of colonial issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1817 FJ, PCGS MS62. KM-82.2. Beautifully struck, with light rainbow toning over choice luster, rims slightly crude (as made) but with unmolested Mint State surfaces (rare thus), overall a very pretty example of this popular first date of independent Chile showing the iconic design of an erupting volcano. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1818 FD. KM-82.2. grams. VF with patchy rainbow toning, evidence of light cleaning on high points, popular type, from a reported mintage of 371,000 coins.

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1819 FD, NGC XF 45. KM-82.2. 26.24 grams. Lovely rich rainbow toning, well-detailed strike except for weak area at rim from 12 to 3 o'clock on the volcano side, overall a rather pleasing straight-graded example of this iconic type, with a reported mintage of 236,000 coins for this year. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1822 FI, NGC XF details / rev scratched. KM-82.2. 27.07 grams. Vividly rainbow toned with lots of blue at rims, choice strike with particularly prominent smoke above volcano, very light staple-scratch to left of column, overall quite pleasing for the grade, from a reported mintage of 148,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, La Serena, 4 reales, volcano-over-SER. countermark (1833) on an Argentina (Potosí) 4 reales, 1815 F, extremely rare, NGC FR 2, c/s VF standard, ex-Brand (stated on label). KM-113. 12.29 grams. 32 mm. By decree of March 29, 1833, the newly established Chilean Treasury offices at Chiloé, Concepción, La Serena, Santiago, Valdivia, and Valparaíso were authorized to countermark the distinctive sunface coinage of the Argentine River Plate Provinces struck at the Potosí mint in 1813 and 1815, following an August 17, 1832, ban on the substandard-fineness La Rioja-mint issues of the 1820s in the same design, in order to allow the earlier coins to circulate. The corresponding Treasury abbreviations were CHIL., CON., SER., SAN., VALD. and VALP., each appearing under the Chilean volcano motif within a beaded circle. All six Treasury countermarks are very rare today. La Serena’s SER. countermark is the second most frequently encountered of the six Treasury marks, but the existence of a number of old false countermarks requires careful authentication. The genuine La Serena punches have been established through direct punch comparison, die study, and examination of important early pedigrees. At present, only six genuine SER. countermarks are recorded: three examples on 4 reales and two on 8 reales, plus a single-known example on a gold 8 escudos. The present 4-reales example carries an exceptional old provenance to the Virgil Brand Collection in the Schulman auction of November 1964, lot 3740. While the host coin is rather worn (Fair 2, in NGC's estimation), the countermark is deeply impressed, with all features visible (VF), placed in the center of the host’s date arms side, which despite the wear exhibits a clear date 1815, assayer F, Potosí monogram mintmark, and denomination 4-R (not 4 soles as the NGC label states in error). The other side shows all the rays and legend, but the sunface itself is effaced by the application of the countermark, as it seems the Chilean authorities were intentionally trying to center the mark. Deep, colorful toning pervades throughout. Needless to say, this is a major rarity combining the first independent coinage of Argentina with one of Chile’s very rare official Treasury countermarks, an important coin for the specialists of both nations. Pedigreed to the Virgil Brand Collection (Schulman auction of November 1964, lot 3740). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold 8 escudos, 1843/2 IJ, reeded edge, NGC AU details / edge filing, ex-Norweb (stated on label). KM-104.1; Fr-41. Choice red toning over ample luster, all details bold (including the overdate), the NGC-noted filing on edge not apparent to our eyes and also not mentioned in the Norweb catalog. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 219). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 8 reales, 1839 IJ, NGC AU 53. KM-96.1. Choice luster with light toning, sharp details including rims, just some light high-point wear, a pleasing high-grade example of the scarce, brief, and popular early Republic "condor breaking chains" type that always brings a premium, from a reported mintage of 205,000 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1848 JM, rare. KM-98.2. Off-center AU with richly toned fields, some luster, rather choice example of the rare key date of this series.

CHILE, Santiago, "condor" peso, 1882, PCGS MS63. KM-142.1. Brilliant cartwheel luster, no marks at all but with a wisp of friction on the high points. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHINA, Tientsin mint, Kuang-hsü dollar (7 mace 2 candareens, Qīng dynasty, no date (1908), PCGS AU details / cleaned. L&M-11; Kann-216; KM-Y14. Lightly toned, with only small marks and faint hairlines, a popular one-year type that is scarce in any meaningful grade without problems, here with all the elements of the Tai-Ching-Ti-Kuo ("The Great Qing Empire") quite sharp and clear. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHINA, Zhílì (Chihli) province, Pei Yang Arsenal, Kuang-hsü dollar (7 mace 2 candareens), Qīng dynasty, Year 34 (1908), variety with crosslet 4 and fancy 3, PCGS VF details / chopmark. L&M-466; Kann-210; KM-Y73.4. Elusive variety of the popular "dragon" dollar with obverse legend 34th YEAR OF KUANG HSU / PEI YANG around dragon with pearl at center, the reverse showing Manchu characters 造洋北 / 分二錢七平库 surrounding 光 / 寶 - 元 / 緒 within pearl circle, lightly toned, with a modicum of minor marks and one small punch (chopmark) between 3 and 4 on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHINA, "junk" dollar, Sun Yat-Sen, Year 22 (1933), NGC MS 61. L&M-109; Kann-623; KM-Y345. Brilliant cartwheel luster, with minimal bagmarks, traces of ink chopmark on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHINA, Tientsin mint, "Dragon & Phoenix" 20 cents (2 chiao), Year 15 (1926), PCGS AU details / cleaned. KM-Y335, L&M-82. A one-year type with iconic dragon and phoenix atop a Chinese symbol of longevity, this example with very light gray toning over luster and strong die-polish lines, also with faint hairlines on fields. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 8 reales, (1622), assayer A to right, mintmark RN to left, very rare. Restrepo-M42.1; S-B1; KM-3.2; Cal-1534. 26.29 grams. Complete cross with choice castles-lions details and nearly full shield with most of crown above, bold assayer •A• but the date and mintmark lost to peripheral flatness, unevenly toned but rather attractive overall and very solid despite a touch of surface corrosion near edge (nearly full weight), otherwise AU. Pedigreed to the Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1996, lot 1883.

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 1 real, Philip IV, date not visible (1625-26), assayer H below denomination I to right, mintmark RN to left, very rare, NGC XF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-M18.1; S-C2a; KM-A5; Cal-671. 3.13 grams. Very bold full shield with equally bold RN to left and I-H to right, king's ordinal IIII in legend, the choice cross-castles-lions also full and bold but with date off the flan, nicely contrasting toning over faintly porous surfaces and encrustation in crevices, old scratches in crown. Coins of this very brief assayer H (Juan de la Hera) are represented by just seven 1 reales (all but one a die match with the present example), a single 2 reales, and three 8 reales (see lot 929), some with visible dates 1625 and 1626, and most with the escutcheon of Portugal in the upper half of the shield, as we see here, like the initial emissions of 1621-22. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, low-silver (plata baja) ¼ real, Philip IV, date not visible (struck in 1626), assayer A to right, mintmark NR/S to left, quadrants of cross transposed, unique, NGC VF details / environmental damage, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-M11.1 for type; S-B1; KM-1; Cal-unl (Type 152). 2.04 grams. Obverse with full crown and shield showing bold mintmark NR punched over S for Nuevo Reino (Santa Fe) to left and assayer A to right, reverse with weak but complete pomegranate between pillars, flanked by P to left and V to right for PLVS VLTRA, with spotty toning and somewhat porous surfaces. XRF analysis is inconclusive due to loss of surface alloy (environmental damage), but the original composition appears to be closer to the 25% silver / 75% copper known as plata baja (low silver) of 1626 versus the vellon rico (enriched billon) of 1622 at about 18% silver / 82% copper, supported by the appearance of an NR mintmark to left punched over the previous mintmark S from 1622 (struck from the same dies), not to be confused with the similar RN-mintmark ½ real (twice the weight) bearing a 1622 date (two known) but probably also made in 1626. Documents show these coins were made by a special machine invented by Turrillo himself, as opposed to hand-hammering for cobs. The only known specimen of this variety, a unique and important discovery piece. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, mintmark-assayer NRE to left (1626-7), denomination VIII to right, very rare, PCGS Genuine, Restrepo Plate (stated on label). Restrepo-M45.11 (this coin); S-C3; KM-3.4; Cal-Type 298. 27.06 grams. Bold full cross with choice castles and distinctive lions, well-detailed full shield with transposed lions and castles at upper left, clear but doubled mintmark-assayer to left and denomination VIII (vertically) to right, complete 16 of date, sharp AU with hairlines but light toning in crevices, odd-shaped flan with somewhat crude edge (as made). Most of the shield elements match 1626 issues, but not enough to confirm the NRE/NER proposed by Restrepo. Plated on page 80 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer H below denomination VIII to right, mintmark RN to left (1626), extremely rare. Restrepo-M45.1; S-C3; KM-3.4; Cal-unl. 27.06 grams. Clear RN to left of full shield with doubled but certain VIII above full assayer H to right, the slightly doubled cross also full, with castles and lions in proper quadrants, VF with contrasting toning and light old scuff on shield. There are three known 8 reales with assayer mark H, which stood for the same Juan de la Era representing the rest of Cartagena’s shield-type coinage up through 1635 with assayer mark E, just with his name initially misconstrued as Hera on the first issues in 1625-6. The earliest example, sold in Sedwick Auction 38 as lot 919, shows a 1622-style shield, notably including the inescutcheon of Portugal on the upper half, and a cross die that matches 1622 issues as well but with what looks like a 1625 date, the year Juan de la (H)Era arrived at the mint. The second one, pictured in Restrepo, bears a clear date 1626 but does not show the assayer (due to doubling), yet its obverse die matches the current lot exactly, which means we can safely ascribe this coin to 1626.

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer E below mintmark RN to left (1626-30), denomination VIII to right, NGC XF details / saltwater damage. Restrepo-M45.3; S-C3; KM-3.4; Cal-Type 298. 26.34 grams. Deeply toned, with only light surface porosity, good full cross-castles-lions and shield with bold denomination to right and full RNE to left, all well centered and free from doubling. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer E below mintmark RN to left (1626-30), denomination VIII to right, PCGS VF25, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-M45.3; S-C3; KM-3.4; Cal-Type 298. 26.64 grams. Attractively toned and with clear RNE, most of cross, and upper half of shield, but the peripheries extensively flat and with parts of edge slightly crude (as made), nevertheless rare and desirable as straight-graded. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible E to left between mintmark NR (1626), denomination VIII to right, rare. Restrepo-M45.6; S-C3; KM-3.4; Cal-Type 298. 27.12 grams. Thick flan with choice, well-detailed full shield and cross-castles-lions, bold •VIII• to right and trace of NER to left (an arrangement attributable to 1626 only), XF with light, contrasting toning.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer not visible (P to left, ca. 1628), lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-M44.6a; S-B4; KM-3.3; Cal-Type 337. 26.96 grams. Very bold and choice full cross and lions and castles with clear bottom of 162 of date, the shield also full and very well detailed with bold •VIII• to right and N of mintmark to left above a flat area that should contain R above P (to which NGC attributes it, in any case), confirmed by the style of lions on the reverse, very lightly toned and rather well preserved for the type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 4 reales, assayer E below mintmark RN to left (1626-30), rare, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Nueva Granada. Restrepo-M36.2; S-C3; KM-2.4; Cal-Type 261. 13.06 grams. Nice full crown over most of shield with bold RN and fairly clear E to left, denomination II(II) to right, nearly full and bold but off-center cross with legend shifted clockwise 90 degrees (date not visible but attributed to 1628 by PCGS), light toning and small spots of "horn silver." Pedigreed to the Nueva Granada Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 2 reales, 1647 R, rare, PCGS VF25, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Eldorado, ex-Ponte, Nesmith Plate, Restrepo Plate (stated on label), Calicó Plate. Restrepo-M28.21; S-B6; KM-6.1; Cal-940. 6.87 grams. Well centered on a broad planchet, with clear bottom half of 16 and full 47 of date outside of complete cross-castles-lions, also bold full shield with R of mintmark above king's ordinal IIII to left and denomination-assayer •II•R• to right, attractively toned over smooth surfaces, thin edge crack, also an extensively pedigreed coin whose chain of ownership can be traced to its original discovery in the 1950s. From a hoard discovered by Clyde Hubbard in Medellín in the 1950s and subsequently published by Robert I. Nesmith, plated as coin 3d on plate XXIX and in a line drawing on p. 518 in his 1958 article, "A Hoard of the First Silver Coins of Nuevo Reino de Granada (Colombia)"; also Plate Coin on page 73 of Restrepo's Coinage of Colombia (2019); and Plate Coin on page 175 of Aureo & Calicó's 2019 edition of Numismática española; pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11071) and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 1 real, Philip IV, assayer P below denomination upright I to right (1627-28), lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, NGC VF 25, "top pop." Restrepo-M20.3; S-B4; KM-5; Cal-Type 209. 3.31 grams. Choice full cross and lions and castles, full but off-center shield with clear •I•P• to right, parts of edge crude (as made), nicely toned, one of just two in the NGC census without visible date, both at this grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 1 real, 1628, assayer not visible (P below denomination upright I to right), lions and castles transposed in shield and cross, PCGS VF20, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-M20.3; S-B4; KM-5; Cal-773. 3.16 grams. Oblong flan with deep, rich toning, full mintmark •N•R• to left and clear denomination I to right (with flat area below, where the P should appear) of complete shield, nearly full but off-center cross with weak but certain bottoms of digits of date 1628 (not listed in Restrepo and missed by previous catalogers) to left of bold HISPA- in legend (label says 1627 and Restrepo-M20.9 in error). Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11091). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, (1627) (P), date at 4 o'clock, rare, NGC VF 20. Restrepo-M16.2a; S-B4; KM-8; Cal-602. 1.72 grams. Rectangular flan with choice full monogram, bold king's ordinal IIII in legend, full but cruder cross with trace of (RE)X.16(27) visible at 3-4 o'clock on reverse (same dies as Restrepo Plate Coin), darkly toned. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, 1628 (P), quadrants of cross transposed, rare, NGC VG details / environmental damage. Restrepo-M16.2; S-B4; KM-8; Cal-603. 1.55 grams. Bold full cross with rotated double-strike, clear 162 and bottom of 8 of date in legend (this date not listed in Restrepo), rather weaker monogram on other side, dark gunmetal gray toning with surface porosity. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, Philip IV, date and assayer not visible (1627-65), NGC VF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-M16; KM-8; Cal-Type 177. 1.79 grams. Oddly narrow wedge-shaped flan with PH- of king's name to right of most of monogram, off-center cross with bold partial legend reading -NIAPVM with P for R and A as an inverted V, lightly toned over faintly porous surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, Philip IV, date and assayer not visible (1627-65), NGC F details / cleaned. Restrepo-M16; KM-8; Cal-Type 177. 1.29 grams. Broad flan with an unusual amount of visible legend, including (PHI)LIPPVIPPVS.IIII. around full monogram and nonsensical VM.PEAPV outside of full but off-center cross-castles-lions, nicely toned. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Philip IV, style of assayer P (1627-28), NGC XF 40, "top pop." Restrepo-M14.1; KM-unl; Cal-530. 0.72 gram. Undersized flan, struck off-center but with bottom part of lion and distinctively large castle matching issues of 1627-28 assayer P, nicely toned, tied with one other for finest known in the NGC census (also in this auction, but attributed differently). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Philip IV, style of assayer R (1642-54), NGC XF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-M14.1; KM-unl; Cal-531. Small flan but with well-centered full castle with distinctively tilted doorway and lion with S-shaped ball-tip tail, light tan sediment on slightly porous surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 8 reales, 1652 date to right, assayer PoRAS to left, PCGS XF details / saltwater damage, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-M46.10; S-B7; Cal-1550; KM-7.1. 26.03 grams. Very broad flan with complete and well-detailed shield flanked by •VIII• to left and •+• to right, in addition to parts of PHILIPPVS • IIII in the legend, the pillars-and-waves also full with clear PoRAS assayer to left and I65Z date to right, light steely toning, parts of edge slightly crude (as made) but with minimal surface corrosion, one of the nicest we have seen. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11030). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 4 reales, 1700 date to right, assayer A.V (Arce) to left, unique, NGC VF 30, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Lozano. Restrepo-M60.18; S-B11; KM-unl (11 for type); Cal-unl (Type 95). 13.50 grams. The only known example, with a very bold 1700 date to right and A•V assayer to left of complete pillars above waves, the shield also bold and almost full with clear denomination IIII to left, most of crown above, all noticeably circulated but with deeply contrasting toning in crevices, no evidence of king's name but circumstantially known to have been struck under Charles II (possibly posthumously), a new discovery coin (this date not listed in Restrepo) from a period of silver issues that are so rare that any new dated example found is unique and critically important to Colombian specialists. Pedigreed to the Alberto Lozano Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 1 real, 1653 R, rare, PCGS XF45, ex-Eldorado, ex-Ponte, Nesmith Plate. Restrepo-M24.9; S-B7; KM-9; Cal-778. 3.17 grams. Small, oblong flan with the bold pillars struck off-center enough to allow a complete four-digit date in the legend above, full crown and shield on other side (despite the tightness of the flan) with right side of assayer R to left and full denomination I to right, attractively rainbow toned. From a hoard discovered by Clyde Hubbard in Medellín in the 1950s and subsequently published by Robert I. Nesmith, plated as coin 10h on plate XXXI and in a line drawing on p. 529 of his 1958 article, "A Hoard of the First Silver Coins of Nuevo Reino de Granada (Colombia)"; also pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11104) and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, 1666 no assayer (Ramos), Charles II, rare, NGC XF 40, finest and only example in NGC census, Calicó Plate. Restrepo-M54.1; S-B7a; KM-A8; Cal-191 (this coin). 1.27 grams. Typically small, thick, sharply cut flan with nearly full Philip IV monogram, nice but off-center cross (proper quadrants) with 100% complete date 1666 (very rare to see on a Bogotá cob ½ real), richly toned all over. One of the distinctive idiosyncrasies of the Bogotá mint is its use of the Philip monogram on all cob ½ reales, even as late as the 1720s when their production apparently ceased, meaning that Charles II issues like this one are really only recognizable as such when either the date or the king's name and/or ordinal appears in the legend, neither of which is common. While the other New World mints did not reflect Charles' accession until 1667 or even 1668, we know from other 1666 issues that Bogotá changed their dies in favor of the new king in that year. Plate Coin on page 228 of Aureo & Calicó's 2019 edition of Numismática española. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, Charles II posthumous, date not visible (early 1700s) no assayer (Arce), unique, NGC XF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-unl; S-B11; KM-B8; Cal-324. 1.05 grams. Choice full Philip monogram (see previous lot for explanation) with x above and x punched over an ornament below, also complete cross-castles-lions (proper quadrants), all well centered and deeply toned with slight surface porosity. This is the first example we have seen in this denomination with this style of castles and lions and x ornament, all of which matches gold cobs of the period. Note: NGC attributed this coin erroneously to Philip IV (1627-65) and Restrepo type M16 (Restrepo does not list any Charles II posthumous issues in silver). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, Charles II posthumous, date not visible (early 1700s) no assayer (Arce), rotated castles and lions, unique, NGC XF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-unl; S-B11; KM-B8; Cal-324. 1.30 grams. Small, thick flan with sharply cut edges, deep toning over faintly porous surfaces, full Philip monogram (see lot 947 for explanation) with CA- of king's name in legend, slightly off-center full cross with castles and lions chaotically rotated relative to one another but in a style similar to the previous lot, only the second example we have seen (the first being a Lasser coin in Sedwick Auction 18, misattributed to the 1660s). Note: NGC attributed this coin erroneously to Philip IV (1627-65) and Restrepo type M16 (Restrepo does not list any Charles II posthumous issues in silver). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ½ real, Charles II posthumous, date not visible (ca. 1712-13) no assayer (Arce), quadrants of cross transposed, unique. Restrepo-unl; S-B11; KM-B8; Cal-325. 0.68 gram. Very small flan, deeply toned and thin from corrosion but with bold (albeit off-center) details including right half of Philip monogram (see lot 947 for explanation) surrounded by parts of king's name (CAROLVS) and nearly full cross with seated lions (in transposed quadrants) identical in style to those on 2 escudos of 1712-13 (first we have seen silver).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Charles II posthumous, style of assayer Arce (early 1700s), NGC XF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-M53.2; S-B11; KM-B7; Cal-103. Wedge-shaped flan, dark and thin from corrosion but with clear and distinctive castle, nearly full fluffy lion with S-shaped ball-tip tail. Note: NGC attributes to 1627-65 / Restrepo M14 in error. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Philip V, style of assayer S (ca. 1722-32), rare, NGC VF details / cleaned. Restrepo-unl; S-B13; KM-unl; Cal-unl. Thick flan with well-detailed strike featuring full and distinctive castle (with flat-top central turret and angled side turrets) and lion (with feet pointing outward), corded borders on both sides, lightly toned. Note: NGC attributes to 1627-65 / Restrepo M14 in error. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Philip V, style of assayer M (ca. 1732-43), rare, NGC VF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-unl; S-B14; KM-unl; Cal-unl. Thin, rectangular flan with 100% full castle and lion (both in a distinctive style matching higher denominations for assayer M), corded borders, darkly toned with minor surface corrosion. Note: NGC attributes to 1627-65 / Restrepo M14 in error. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Ferdinand VI, style of assayer S (ca. 1743-56), rare, NGC XF 40. Restrepo-M91.1; S-B16; KM-unl; Cal-20. 0.61 gram. Choice example in top grade at NGC (albeit misattributed to 1627-65 / Restrepo M14 in error), with 100% full castle and lion—in a style specific to this period—within corded borders (others are known with laurel borders for this assayer), attractively toned. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1757 J, rare, NGC AU 58, "top pop." Restrepo-24.6; Cal-816; KM-32.1; Fr-15. Rich gold color with muted luster, well struck with full rims, minor wear only, a very attractive example of this rare early milled Bogotá onza, struck only shortly after the Nuevo Reino mint adopted machine production, currently tied with four others for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1762 JV (no dot), rare, NGC XF details / obv scratched, ex-Trastámara (stated on label). Restrepo-71.1a; Cal-2079; KM-41. Rare and important first year of the Charles III 8 escudos from Bogotá, introducing the distinctive young “rat nose” portrait as opposed to the carried-over bust of Ferdinand VI, this example rather well struck for the issue, with fully detailed central elements, bold legends and date harboring traces of luster, rich gold color, and nearly full rims despite inexact centering, with a short scratch to right of date as noted by NGC. Many major collections, including Karon, Eliasberg, Caballero de las Yndias, Norweb, and Ortiz, lacked this date. Also note this is the even rarer variety with the JV assayer lacking a dot in between the letters. An important opportunity for the Colombian specialist or Latin American trophy collector. Pedigreed to the Trastámara Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of October 2014, lot 818). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1766 JV, rare, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado, ex-Diaz Lascano. Restrepo-71.8a; Cal-2085; KM-41. Choice, well-centered, and well-detailed strike with complete rims, sharp full details in the distinctive early “rat nose” portrait of Charles III, rich gold color with tinges of red, considerable remaining mint luster in the protected areas, light even friction on the highest points and only minor scattered contact marks, the finest at PCGS and bettered by only two at NGC in low MS grades, also nicely pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Federico Diaz Lascano Collection (Schulman auction of May 1969, lot 168) and to the Eldorado Collection (Stack’s Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11163). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1769 JV, extremely rare, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo M71.14; Cal-2090; KM-41. 26.96 grams. Exceptionally lustrous, with choice full portrait details and clear JV assayer initials, as opposed to the relatively less rare single-assayer V for this year, the surfaces so pristine that the fields exhibit original die-polish lines, albeit with a few wispy surface hairlines that do not detract from the strong original luster or overall freshness of the coin, the rims only slightly incomplete due to trivial centering issues. The presence of die cracks in the legends combined with faint die buckling, yet with fresh die-polish lines, suggests that the dies failed relatively early in their working life. It is quite possible that only a very limited number of 8 escudos were struck before the dies were discontinued and replaced with the single-assayer successor (which is also characterized by oversized digits 69 in the date), possibly explaining the extreme rarity of this JV variety. In any case, the 1769 JV is one of the great rarities of the Nuevo Reino 8 escudos series. Restrepo recorded only two examples, while Calicó (in La Onza) described the issue as “only a few specimens known,” and an earlier specialist auction catalog characterized it as “rarísima.” We can trace five examples, of which three are in the NGC census (and none at PCGS): the present coin in MS 62, a second in AU 55, and a third in AU details. Pedigreed to the Numismatica Ars Classica auction of March 2002 (lot 277) and to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11168). Missing in most collections. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1770 VJ, rare, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado, ex-Norweb (stated on label). Restrepo-71.20; Cal-2093; KM-41. Superb bold strike with choice luster and rich gold color, with remarkably great definition on the iconic “rat nose” bust, some denticles of the rims off the flan due to a slightly off-center strike, the surfaces all clean and problem-free except for one small area of coppery encrustation around the X of REX. This coin also bears an admirable pedigree dating back to Norweb, inspiring the cataloger for the Eldorado sale to say that its “condition and provenance are unimproveable.” It remains the sole graded coin at PCGS, with the finest in the NGC topping out at AU 55. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 11172) and to the Norweb Collection (Spink America auction of March 1997, lot 350). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1783 SF, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Restrepo-73.32; Cal-2051; KM-50.2. Choice luster and well-detailed strike with full rims, faintly concave reverse, minor marks and surface hairlines only. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV, 1806 JF, NGC AU 53. Restrepo-98.34; Cal-1686; KM-62.2. Rich gold color with beautiful red toning in legends, muted luster, evidence of light die buckling in centers, plus a few old marks including a curious "slit throat" on the king's bust. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1808, from the merchant community of Santa Fe de Bogotá, plain edge, no rope. Restrepo-18 (p. 130), Fonrobert-8046; Herrera-79; Medina-382. 30.27 grams. 40 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles IV within legend EN AMOR DE FERNANDO VII REY DE ESPANA EYNDIAS.; reverse with crowned cross supported by lions (the original colonial coat-of-arms of Cartagena) within legend EL COMERCIO DE SANTA FE DE BOGOTA SEPTIEMBRE 11 with date *1808* at bottom. AU with attractive toning over luster and light surface hairlines.

COLOMBIA, Popayán, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814/3 JF, NGC VF details / cleaned, ex-BKingdom. Restrepo-120.7; Cal-1366; KM-71. Deeply contrasting toning around strong details and over surface hairlines, slightly off-center strike, bold overdate, a rare type that is almost never problem-free, this example formerly PCGS VF35 when it was sold in 2020. Pedigreed to the BKingdom Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2020, lot 21122). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1816 F, rare, NGC XF details / corrosion. Restrepo-120.10; Cal-1369; KM-71. Richly toned with lovely hues from orange to violet, nice details but with slight surface granularity on bust (looks like die rust and not corrosion), technically still top grade at NGC for this date within a rare type that is seldom seen without flaws. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808. Restrepo-22 (p. 130); Fonrobert-8218; Herrera-49; Medina-344. 10.22 grams. 32 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles IV flanked by TIBI and FIDES above ET AMOR* within legend PREDILECTUS HISP ET IND REX [radiant rosette] FERDINANDUS VII ; reverse with mountains and city within legend PROCLAMATUS IN CIVIT POPAIENENSI , OCTUB. / *1808* in exergue; plain edge. Deeply toned XF with minor rim damage and plugged hole at top.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1818 F•J. Restrepo-113.7; Cal-934; KM-70.1. 6.54 grams. AXF with nice natural toning, slightly out-of-round flan (as made), problem-free and better than most for this issue. A pleasing representative of this late colonial Bogotá type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1816 F•J, both 1's in date re-punched, rare (unlisted). Restrepo-113.3 var; Cal-931; KM-70.1. 6.69 grams. About Fine with dark, contrasting toning, slightly off-center strike, heretofore unrecorded date variety (presumably rare).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1792 J•J, no • in mintmark. Restrepo-78.4a; Cal-487; KM-58. 3.45 grams. Very lightly struck Fine with remaining luster, broad flan with full rims, traces of toning, scarce mintmark variety.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1799 J•J. Restrepo-78.30; Cal-495; KM-58. 3.35 grams. Nicely toned VG/F with weakly struck bust but no problems, somewhat rare with clean date as opposed to 1799/99. Curiously, all the I's in the legend are made from I-punches with the top-left serif missing, giving them the appearance of J's.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1801/797 J•J, no • in denomination, rare. Restrepo-78.32; Cal-496; KM-58. 3.21 grams. Bold overdate (at least scarce, by our records), lightly toned VF/XF with full rims, no problems.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Charles IV, 1802 J•J, re-punched 2 in date, dot between ET and IND, rare (unlisted). Restrepo-78.38 var; Cal-499; KM-58. 3.10 grams. Off-center strike with weak centers but bold legends, problem-free Fine with much luster on reverse, toned fields, very clear 2/2 in date (not listed in Restrepo and presumably rare), also with atypical dot between the normally compounded ET IND.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1810 J•F/J•J. Restrepo-111.3a; Cal-650; KM-68.1. 3.43 grams. Lightly toned AU- with full rims and details, no problems, choice example of an interesting over-assayer issue.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1812 J•F, re-punched bust. Restrepo-111.5; Cal-652; KM-68.1. 3.14 grams. Broad-flan Fine with full rims, richly toned (brown spots on reverse rim), problem-free except for light hairlines on bust, which is evidently doubled in the die (an unrecorded variety).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 1 real, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1819 FJ, inverted J, PCGS AU58, "top pop." Restrepo-111.18; Cal-658; KM-68.1. A jewel for the series in top grade, with light rainbow toning over strong luster, choice strike with full rims, tied with one other at this top grade in the PCGS census and with another at NGC (also finest in that census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ¼ real, Ferdinand VII, 1816, NGC XF details / cleaned. Restrepo-100.15; KM-67.1; Cal-295. Bold but off-center strike with light toning, very faint hairlines, die crack on lion's tail. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ¼ real, Ferdinand VII, 1817, NGC VF 35 (EMO Collection Label), ex-Norweb, ex-Brand. Restrepo-100.17; Cal-296; KM-67.1. Evenly worn with low-contrast toning but problem-free and distinctively pedigreed. Pedigreed to the EMO Collection, the Norweb Collection (Christie's auction of November 1985, lot 709, with his original tag), and the Virgil M. Brand Collection (as stated in Christie's and on the tag). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, "imitation cob" 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "I88" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, very rare, NGC VF 30. Restrepo 119.1; Cal-Type 255; KM-unl. 6.53 grams. Richly toned, off-center strike with left pillar bold and full, flanked by L-LV-M to left and 4-SVL-188 to right (right pillar and area beyond flat), nearly full cross with bold •M• to right, typically struck over a previous issue but without any under-coin evidence visible, a rather choice example of a very rare ephemeral type (Restrepo: "About five known"), surely among the finest known for the "188" date. Appears as "top pop" in the NGC census, but misattributed to Barinas - Caujaral, Venezuela. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, "imitation cob" 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "8oo" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, very rare, NGC XF 45, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo 119.1 var; Cal-1029; KM-unl. 5.10 grams. Crude surfaces and off-center strike but with clear "8oo" date nonetheless (not recorded in Restrepo), struck over a previous issue as usual (small parts of under-coin visible, but also slightly doubled), steely gray toning all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "Ioo" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, struck over a Cartagena provisional 2 reales of 1813-14, rare. Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 3.50 grams. Glossy dark surfaces with lighter sediment in crevices, bold but slightly doubled details, the "date" of Ioo quite clear (only the second one we have handled, not the normal 8oo typically seen for this type), also with both denominations 2 visible as well as a full DE CARTAGENA from the under-coin's legend (but date missing), close to AU for actual wear and notably problem-free.

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "III" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, struck over a Cartagena provisional 2 reales of 1813-14, rare, NGC VF details / holed. Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Perfectly round (possibly shaved, weight not specified), struck slightly off-center but with full cross and lions and castles inside parts of under-coin legend, most of pillars with complete "date" of III, neatly drilled hole at top, light chocolate brown in color. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "8oo" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, struck over a Cartagena provisional 2 reales of 1813-14, rare, NGC AU 58 BN, "top pop." Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Very dark but with bold details, including "date" 8oo and denomination 2 below the cross, parts of CARTAGENA of under-coin visible as well, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census (which does not differentiate between the various fantasy dates nor host dates). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, low-silver "imitation cob" ½ real, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "II(?)" (ca. 1815), extremely rare, NGC VF details / environmental damage. Restrepo-108.2; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.37 gram. Thin, round flan with dark toning and light surface porosity, most of Philip monogram above II of date (third digit to right not discernible, probably either I or 8) and also full cross despite off-center strike on both sides, clearly a ½-real design (and cataloged as such in Restrepo) but attributed to ¼ real by NGC because of its rather low weight, currently unique with the “II” date in any case. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, low-silver "imitation cob" ½ real, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "8o(?)" (ca. 1815), extremely rare, NGC AU 55, "top pop," Rosenman Plate, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-108.2; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.89 gram. Thin and underweight flan (Rosenman calls it a "monogram ¼ real") but with bold full cross containing empty quadrants, very clear but off-center Philip monogram above 8o of date (third digit to right off the flan, probably another o), lightly toned and very choice in grade, currently one of only two known with that date, also admirably pedigreed, an extremely important piece for the Colombian “imitation cob” specialist. Plate Coin on page 54 of Rosenman's Imitation Cobs of Venezuela and Colombia (2007) and on page 133 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012), also pictured in issue #14 (October 2021) of “Monedas de Colombia” published by Alexander Montaña Rodríguez. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, low-silver "imitation cob" ½ real, Ferdinand VII, no date or fantasy date not visible (ca. 1815), extremely rare, NGC VF 30. Restrepo-108.2; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 0.35 gram. Typically small and thin flan but neatly octagonal (possibly clipped, in any case attributed as a ¼ real by NGC despite the ½ real design), with most of Philip monogram in retrograde either struck without fantasy date or with date off flan (probably unique), also most of cross in evidence, particularly rare for this type as straight graded. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" ½ real, Ferdinand VII, fantasy date "8oo" (ca. 1815), struck over a Cartagena provisional ½ real of 1812-13, very rare, NGC AU 58 BN, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-108.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Unusually small full cross and monogram (normal-sized "date" 8oo), traces of under-coin visible in peripheries, deep chocolate-brown color, choice grade, the only coin in the NGC census with the 8oo date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" ½ real, Ferdinand VII, no date or fantasy date not visible (ca. 1815), struck over a Cartagena provisional ½ real of 1812-13, very rare, NGC AU 55 BN, finest known in NGC census, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-108.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. Full cross and most of Philip monogram (both off center) with quite a bit of the under-coin details visible, typically crude with patchy black toning (mostly in centers), choice grade (the finer of just two in the NGC census for coins without "dates"). Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (stated on label), Sedwick Auction 34 (lot 1150). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena or Santa Marta(?), copper ¼ real, Ferdinand VII, no date (ca. 1815), rosettes at top and bottom, very rare, NGC AU 53 (EMO Collection Blue Label), ex-Norweb (Plate), ex-EMO (Plate), KM Plate, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-102.1 (this coin); Cal-unl; KM-C1. Fairly well-formed flan with design somewhat reminiscent of the official silver issues from the Bogotá mint with lion on reverse, but instead of a castle and date the obverse shows NR and 1|4 and rosettes, which Restrepo could only narrow down to "Caribbean" mint (KM says Santa Marta), which could even include Maracaibo in modern-day Venezuela (but decidedly not "Nicaragua" as stated in the original Norweb catalog), this extremely well-pedigreed example with nearly full details and even some rim design in deep chocolate-brown color with traces of original color and luster around the lion. Pedigreed to the Norweb Collection (Christie's auction of November 1985, lot 714, plated in catalog) and to the EMO Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2024, lot 51091, also Plate Coin 306.3 on page 109 of his book Spanish Colonial and Republican Cuartillos of the New World [2020]), also plated in KM's Standard Catalog references and on page 131 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper provisional 2 reales, 1813, PCGS MS61 Brown, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Margolis. Restrepo-136.2; Cal-unl; KM-D1. Choice example with all details visible on both sides (especially the 1813 date), including most of both rims, deep reddish brown color all over, well centered and devoid of doubling, the sole MS example among eight entries in the PCGS census. Pedigreed to the Richard Margolis Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 74069). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper provisional ½ real, 1812, NGC MS 62 BN, "top pop." Restrepo-131.2; Cal-316; KM-D2. Superb grade (currently tied with two others for finest among 45 entries in the NGC census), and also well struck with full details on both sides, including the date and a particularly prominent "tropical bird" in flight to the left of the native woman, light chocolate-brown color with hints of luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper provisional ½ real, no date (1812-13), normal N, PCGS AU50, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-131.5; Cal-314; KM-D2. Mostly bold details including clear 1|2 / ESTADO / DECARTA / GENA on reverse without any space for date, even chocolate-brown color, second finest of ten in the current PCGS census. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2019, one of group-lot 42515). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1819 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA. Restrepo-142.1; KM-78. 23.42 grams. Scarce and desirable first "dollar" of independent Colombia, here in AVF grade with better central details than most, parts of rims bold, no toning (cleaned long ago).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820/19 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA / NUEVA GRANADA, rare. Restrepo-142.2; KM-78. 22.67 grams. Typically worn centers (also with lamination flaw on pomegranate) but with bold legends (particularly the LIBERTAD AMERICANA and rare overdate 1820/19) set off by dark toning, Fine with small marks and hairlines from old cleaning, plugged hole at top of obverse, rare and popular type that represents the first dollar-sized coins of independent Colombia.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1819 JF, struck over a Caracas, Venezuela, "imitation cob" 2 reales with fantasy date "741" (early 1800s), very rare, PCGS VG10, Rosenman Plate (stated on label). Restrepo-139.1; KM-unl (host C13.2). Typically uneven and slightly off-center strike with messy interiors that mostly show the host details (including, significantly, the fantasy date "741") surrounded by some bold legend, particularly the AMERICANA, date 1819, denomination 2R, and assayer J•F, all lightly toned. As presented in Rosenman (to whom this coin is pedigreed), this issue was ordered directly by Simón Bolívar just eleven days after the Battle of Boyacá in 1819, specifying that "Caracas coinage of low fineness be restruck with the 'India' die [referring to Antonio Nariño's profile of a native woman in headdress on obverse]," in an effort to alleviate a severe shortage of circulating silver coinage after the war, when independence became permanent after the Spanish Royalist re-occupation in 1817-18, during which no republican coinage was struck. Beginning in 1819, the legend was revised to identify the issuer as the United Provinces of New Granada rather than solely the Province of Cundinamarca (Bogotá). This particular example, while a bit worn, is nevertheless desirable for its clear details and also for its important pedigree. Pedigreed to the R. Rosenman Collection, plated on page 62 of his book, Imitation Cobs of Venezuela and Colombia (2007). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1819 JF, struck over a Caracas, Venezuela, "imitation cob" 2 reales with fantasy date "184" (early 1800s), very rare, NGC VF details / cleaned. Restrepo-139.1; KM-unl (host C13.2). Like the previous lot, this is a special emergency coinage decreed by Simón Bolívar himself after final independence using a new design without CUNDINAMARCA in the reverse legend, this example with lots of under-coin details in centers including a clear "date" 184, plus with the entire new legend visible including denomination, date, and assayer, all lightly toned with a few minor hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1819 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, PCGS AU53, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-138.1; KM-76. Well-centered strike with bold legends and rims harboring luster, typically lightly struck but fully detailed interiors, choice grade (rare thus), with incipient toning in peripheries, one-year type with denomination in legend. Pedigreed to Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 44065). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1813 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-133.1; KM-F1. Atypically bold strike with full details and light toning over mirror-lustrous surfaces, minor rim flaws (as made) including lamination, but overall a rather choice example of the desirable first date of regular issue of independent Colombia. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1814 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, rare, NGC AU 50. Restrepo-133.2; KM-F1. Exceptionally choice for this rare date, distinguished by strong legends and rims, fully detailed central elements (the pomegranate unusually bold), overall superior in sharpness and centering to the single-known higher-graded example (NGC AU 55). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1815 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, legend NVEBA, very rare, NGC F details / cleaned, ex-Dana Roberts, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-133.3; KM-F1. Deeply toned with hints of underlying luster, softly struck centers as usual (also with natural flaw across pomegranate) but the rims and legends strong, particularly the date and the very rare error NVEBA, of which Restrepo says only three to five are known to exist. Pedigreed to the Dana Roberts Collection (Heritage auction of April 2011, lot 25588) and to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (stated on label, Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1159). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1815 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, legend NUEVA with U/V and V/B, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. Restrepo-133.4; KM-F1. Good luster with splashes of light toning over very faint hairlines, well-detailed strike (including rims) that clearly shows the error-correction from NVEBA to NUEVA (Restrepo and NGC only note the V/B, but the second-letter U/V is also prominent). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1815 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, legend NUEVA, NGC AU 55, ex-Eldorado, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-133.5; KM-F1. Choice, well-centered strike with full details and very bold rims, deeply rainbow toned in peripheries (especially on the reverse), minor natural flaw in hair, second finest graded but in our opinion the most visually appealing specimen we have encountered for this scarce date with proper NUEVA in legend. Pedigreed to the Toulemonde Collection (stated on label, Sedwick auction 34, lot 1160) and to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42343). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1816 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. Restrepo-133.6; KM-F1. Choice strike with full details and bold rims, traces of die clashing on both sides, minor flaw in bust, very lightly toned with traces of luster, some hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ½ real, 1814 JF, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, very rare, NGC F details / environmental damage. Restrepo-132.1; KM-D3. Crude strike with lamination and rim flaw but full details and bold legends, faintly toned with traces of surface porosity, very rare one-year type (the only ½ real in the popular LIBERTAD AMERICANA series). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ¼ real, 1814, rare, NGC VF details / environmental damage, "top pop." Restrepo-130.1; KM-F2. Crude around the edge but with full interior details and bold date despite light surface corrosion (lightly toned), decidedly rare (Restrepo says just scarce) and never seen in high grade, this example in fact just one of two in the NGC census, both in VF details grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820 JF, mule with NUEVA GRANADA reverse, rare. Restrepo-156.1; KM-D7. 22.21 grams. One-year type with new REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA obverse combined with previous NUEVA GRANADA reverse (as opposed to CUNDINAMARCA), this example in VF grade with all details clear including rims, a few marks and hairlines from cleaning, but overall quite decent for this ever-popular muling.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820 JF. Restrepo-157.1; KM-C6. 22.78 grams. VF with hairlines and small marks (scratch in front of face) but strong details (particularly the rims), traces of luster, odd die buckle to right on reverse, scarce first date of type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820 JF. Restrepo-157.1; KM-C6. 20.56 grams. Cleaned Fine with well-defined details lined with contrasting toning, scarce first date of type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820 JF, with pomegranate countermark on reverse, rare. Restrepo-157.1r; KM-73. 20.07 grams. Toned VF with full rims and strong legend, well-detailed full countermark over a minor lamination flaw, hairlines from old cleaning.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1821 JF, dots below and to right of A of mintmark, NGC AU 53, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-157.4; KM-C6. Deeply brown toned with some dark spots but also traces of golden luster in legends, rather clear details for the type, comparatively rare grade (albeit with six finer at NGC), rim flaw below date. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (stated on label, Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1166). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1821 JF, dots below and to right of A of mintmark, pomegranate countermark on reverse. Restrepo-157.4r; KM-73. 20.34 grams. Very bold full countermark (VF) on a typically worn host (VG), yet with all details clear, very lightly toned.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1821 JF, no dot below A in mintmark, NGC XF 45. Restrepo-157.4a; KM-C6. Choice strike and grade for this type with all details 100% full and sharp (including rims), lightly toned. Curiously, the mintmark B is almost missing (erased?) but covering a dot, while the A is offset to right of a ghost of an A, and the dot to right (strong) is very close to the J, so this may be a new, unreported die variety. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1821 JF, very weak dot below A in mintmark, dot to right, re-punched 2 in date. Restrepo-157.4 var; KM-C6. 21.88 grams. Cleaned VF with scuff in hair, slightly crude edge (as made), bold date with the 2 clearly punched over a higher 2 (unlisted die variety).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1820 JF, stars in legend on both sides, rare, NGC F details / holed. Restrepo-155.2; KM-C5. Choice despite the hole at top, with nice reverse and bold full legends on both sides, just the native portrait a bit weakly struck (overall more like VF in our estimation), richly toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1821 JF, no BA, hollow six-point stars on reverse, very rare, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-155.5; KM-C5. Exceptionally choice for the type, with a bold, well-centered strike, strong overall definition, and handsome deep toning, generally full rims with minor rim flaw at bottom on reverse, by far the highest graded example at NGC, where the next finest is VF 20 (varieties not specified), and also finer than the sole PCGS-certified example at AU53 for this variety with hollow six-point stars instead of dots, which is a distinctively rare variant. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1821 JF, mintmark BA with dots below and right of A, NGC XF details / obv tooled. Restrepo-155.6; KM-C5. Richly toned with traces of underlying luster, strong details for the grade but with heavy old scratches on portrait, minor as-made rim flaws. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 2 reales, 1821/3 JF, rare, NGC XF details / cleaned. Restrepo-155.7; KM-unl (C5 for type). Bold full details including rims, rather lustrous from heavy cleaning, bold overdate (rare) that Restrepo explains is evidence that the 1821 BA coins were actually struck after 1823. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), 1 real, 1821 JF, mintmark BA with dot below A, NGC AU 53, ex-Margolis. Restrepo-152.1; KM-B9. Very well-detailed strike (full rims) with deep, beautiful rainbow toning all over, traces of luster, scarce choice grade (formerly PCGS AU58), die-clash evidence around date. Pedigreed to the Richard Margolis Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 74071). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ½ real, 1821 JF, NGC AU 55, ex-Margolis. Restrepo-149.1; KM-F8. Choice strike with 100% full details and rims, also lustrous with faint golden toning, very minor natural flaw in front of face, desirable one-year type. Pedigreed to the Richard Margolis Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 74073). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ½ real, 1821 JF. Restrepo-149.1; KM-F8. 1.21 grams. Fine with bold legends, weakly struck portrait with scratches, minor rim flaws, lightly toned, scarce one-year type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ¼ real, 1821, no mintmark, denomination 1-4, date with 8/8 and 2/2, rare, NGC VF 35 (Esmeralda Collection Label). Restrepo-145.2a; KM-79.1. Bold strike (slightly off center) with light toning over silvery surfaces, interesting sub-variety with low 8 and 2 of date punched over high 8 and 2 (not noted by NGC). Pedigreed to the Esmeralda Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 860). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ¼ real, 1821, no mintmark, 1 to left and 4 to right, rare. Restrepo-145.2; KM-79.1. 0.68 gram. Bold XF with crude rims (as made), circular fiber-strike-through error below pomegranate, lightly toned over hairlines, scarce issue in the old Nueva Granada design with Phrygian cap splitting denomination 1-4 and no mintmark.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá (Cundinamarca), ¼ real, 1821, mintmark BA without dot to left, denomination 1|4 to right. Restrepo-145.3; KM-79.2. 0.74 gram. Bold strike with AU- details, minor rim flaws, very light gray-green toning, second variety of the scarce early Phrygian cap type with mintmark added to left and denomination combined to right.

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold 1 escudo, 1824 FM, PCGS MS62, "top pop." Restrepo-162.3; Sed-3; KM-81.2; Fr-72. Choice strike with full rims, gorgeous luster overlain with faint pink toning, minor die rust on obverse, currently tied with two others for finest in the PCGS census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1834 RS, NGC AU 53. Restrepo-158.1; KM-89. Vividly rainbow toned with deep purple center on obverse, well-detailed strike with full rims, a very pretty example of this scarce first date of type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1835/4 RS, NGC UNC details / rev repaired, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-158.2; KM-89. Choice luster with attractive light toning, a bit hairlined but particularly in a small area to right of OCHO, bold overdate. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (stated on label, Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1170). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1835 RS. Restrepo-158.4; KM-89. 26.97 grams. Bold AU- with luster and hairlines from light cleaning, full rims.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1836 RS. Restrepo-158.6; KM-89. 27.04 grams. Sharp, lustrous AU with light hairlines from old cleaning, incipient toning, scarce final date of type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 real, 1827 RR, NGC AU details / environmental damage, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-153.2; KM-87.1. Darkly toned all over, with a few small spots of original silver color peeking through, perhaps a few traces of encrustation in crevices (formerly PCGS AU53). Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42350). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 1 real, 1830/29 RU. Restrepo-154.11; KM-unl (87.2 for type). 2.09 grams. Toned AXF with rather crude rims (as made), scarce overdate (missing in KM).

COLOMBIA, copper pattern ¼ real, 1825-dated, first pattern of Colombia, unique and unlisted, NGC UNC details / environmental damage. Restrepo-unl; KM-unl. 25 mm. Darkly toned, with proof-level definition of details and smoothness of fields, glossy surfaces with mild granularity on bust. The precedent for this remarkable pattern, whose portrait of Liberty somewhat resembles the famous “draped bust” design (albeit right-facing) of U.S. silver dollars from 1795-1803, was established by order of the Congress of Colombia in Article 2, enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Republic of Colombia on May 31, 1823 (Monedas Venezolanas, by Mercedes Carlota De Pardo [1973], pp. 60 to 61): "Art. 2º. Las monedas de cobre tendrán por el anverso el busto de la libertad con la inscripción: REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA. Por el reverso una orla de laurel, y en el centro en letras, un cuarto, o un octavo de real, año de tantos." Note that the order called for 1/8 real pieces as well. However, the Colombian Congress repealed it on March 14, 1826, before the coins could enter production, but not before at least one of each denomination dated 1825 was made. We sold the unique 1/8 real in Sedwick Auction 29 (lot 865), hammering for $7500. To our knowledge, the current ¼ real piece is also unique. Together these two pieces comprise what we believe is the earliest known pattern issue struck for the newly established Republic of Colombia, which at the time encompassed present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. The opportunity to acquire such a great rarity of Colombian numismatics is unlikely to be repeated. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ¼ real, 1826 TR, NGC XF details / rim damage (Esmeralda Collection Label). Restrepo-148.1; KM-85.1. Fairly bold strike, with attractive rainbow toning all over, scratches on raised rims, popular one-year one-denomination issue with mintmark as B to left of assayers' initials T and R (for Truxillo and Rodríguez), apparently their only joint contribution to minting in Colombia. Pedigreed to the Esmeralda Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 862). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1837 RS. Restrepo-193.1; KM-92. 26.91 grams. Problem-free AU- with light toning over muted luster, very scarce brief type (effectively one year).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1839 RS, NGC AU 58, ex-Millennia, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-194.1; KM-98. A lovely example of the "culebrilla" design with light but vivid rainbow toning over lustrous surfaces, typically incomplete rims, choice grade (originally MS 60 when it was sold in 2008), with desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (stated on label, Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1173) and to the Millennia Collection (Goldberg auction of May 2008, lot 1032). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1840 RS. Restrepo-194.3; KM-98. 22.53 grams. Lightly cleaned AXF with traces of toning around details.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1841 RS. Restrepo-194.5; KM-98. 21.82 grams. Fine with very weakly struck center on obverse, fortunately still with clear date (which is scarce), lightly toned.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1842/1 RS. Restrepo-194.6; KM-98. 23.25 grams. Cleaned XF+ with traces of luster, bold overdate.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1842 RS. Restrepo-194.7; KM-98. 23.27 grams. Lightly cleaned AVF with traces of greenish gray toning, typically weak centers, very small planchet flaws.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1843 RS. Restrepo-194.9; KM-98. 22.80 grams. Lightly cleaned AU with luster, scuffs and minor rim damage on reverse.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1844 RS. Restrepo-194.10; KM-98. 23.09 grams. AXF with deep brown toning, small natural dip in edge.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1845 RS. Restrepo-194.12; KM-98. 20.95 grams. VF with very light toning over faint surface hairlines, small natural dip in edge below date.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1846 RS. Restrepo-194.15; KM-98. 22.39 grams. Well-detailed AXF with contrasting light toning, a few old marks but otherwise problem-free.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1847, large diameter. Restrepo-195.2; KM-106. 19.54 grams. 34 mm. Scarce one-year type, AXF with light toning and a few dark spots over hairlines from old cleaning.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1847, medium diameter. Restrepo-196.1 var; KM-107. 24.83 grams. 37 mm. Lightly toned AU- with a few old marks, once lightly polished, its flan size demonstrably in between the 36.5mm and 38mm (two known) recognized by Restrepo.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1847, normal diameter. Restrepo-196.1; KM-107. 25.04 grams. 36 mm. Lustrous AU, starting to tone, no problems.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1848, NGC MS 64. Restrepo-196.3; KM-107. Lovely cartwheel luster and fully detailed strike, nearly full rims, minimal bagmarks per the choice MS grade, no toning except for a small dark area near top on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1848, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-196.3; KM-107. Cartwheel luster and fully detailed strike with minimal bagmarks, full rims, light rosy toning all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1849. Restrepo-196.5; KM-107. 24.91 grams. 37 mm. Bold strike (fully detailed) with complete rims, lightly toned AU-, no problems, scarce final date of type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1850, reeded edge, rare. Restrepo-197.2; KM-111. 24.38 grams. 37 mm. Toned AXF with lots of edge dents, a few small interior marks, key date of a scarce two-year type of which Restrepo says only three are known with reeded edge, but we have seen at least three examples including two in Eldorado.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1851. Restrepo-197.4; KM-111. 24.66 grams. 37 mm. AVF with toning around details, parts of rims weak, a few old marks, scarce type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1855. Restrepo-198.2; KM-118. 24.84 grams. Brightly cleaned AU with small marks and hairlines, lustrous, well-detailed strike (including rims).

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1856/5. Restrepo-198.3; KM-118. 24.91 grams. Lustrous, brightly cleaned AU- with heavy hairlines, traces of toning on rims, bold overdate, small lamination flaw near bottom on reverse.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 2 reales, 1848, NGC MS 64. Restrepo-190.3; KM-105. Superb cartwheel luster with unblemished surfaces, faintly toned (stronger near rims at top), choice MS grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ¼ real, 1838, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-172.3; KM-90.1. Very sharp strike and rims with blazingly lustrous fields, minimal tiny marks (arguably MS 63), near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1859. Restrepo-226.2; KM-126. 24.77 grams. Cleaned XF with incipient toning on obverse, hairlines on reverse, minor lamination flaw near rim on that side, competent example of a popular ephemeral type.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1861. Restrepo-226.5; KM-126. 24.56 grams. AVF with light toning around details, minor edge flaws, scarce final date of a popular ephemeral type.

COLOMBIA, Popayán, ¼ décimo, 1862, three stars instead of nine on reverse, rare. Restrepo-221.6; KM-123. 0.71 gram. Near AU with crude rims, lightly toned over faint luster, struck in the Confederation design but dated after the successful revolution of 1861 that defeated the conservative government.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1861. Restrepo-243.1; KM-138. 24.57 grams. Cleaned AVF with light marks, toning around details, scarce one-year type that Restrepo points out is "one of only two coins bearing the legend ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NUEVA GRANADA," which makes it desirable for anyone seeking a crown-sized coin from each of Colombia's various governments.

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold 10 pesos, 1870, repunched stars, extremely rare, NGC MS 62, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-332.8; Sed-40; KM-141.3; Fr-103. 16.13 grams. Rich gold color, lightly toned in legends, with fabulous luster and sharp full details, particularly on Liberty’s portrait, a couple minor marks, slightly crude rims, and a prominent die crack at U of UNIDOS, which along with the re-punched stars (noted by NGC) match the dies of the other known examples, but overall incredible quality for a Popayán issue. At MS 62, this coin is the finest of just five known, consisting of the following: 1. PCGS AU 58 sold in Sedwick Auction 25 (May 2019) 2. PCGS AU 55 in the Eldorado Collection sold in Stack’s Bowers auction of January 2018 3. AU sold in Sedwick Auction 12 (October 2012) 4. The Banco de la República specimen plated in Restrepo (which also looks AU) Rated RRRR by Dr. Frank Sedwick, this key date has long been recognized as of one of the foremost rarities in Colombian Republic gold. As the final date of the Popayán 10 pesos type, the 1870 is part of the final chapter of a minting tradition rooted in Colombia’s colonial past. For more than a century, Popayán had refined and coined precious metals from the surrounding mining districts, continuing through the transition from Spanish rule to independent government. While the mints of Bogotá and Medellín continued into the time of Colombia’s current government, starting in 1886, the Popayán mint permanently ceased operation in 1880. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1868, rare. Restrepo-317.1; KM-154.1. 24.79 grams. AXF with typically weakly struck bust but bold legends and rims, lightly toned around details, desirable first date of Liberty head type.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1869, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-318.1; KM-154.2. Superb strike with bold full details all over, even with 100% discernible feathers on the condor's breast (the design's highest point, notably flat on almost all other examples), the characteristic date with large digits punched over small digits quite apparent, paired with dazzling luster, faint traces of toning on the rims, and tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 63 (which it probably rivals in terms of strike). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1870 with 0/9. Restrepo-318.2; KM-154.2. 24.48 grams. Well-detailed AU- with parts of rims slightly crude (as made) and a curious circular die break in front of face, lightly toned, faintly hairlined, clear overdate.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1870. Restrepo-318.3; KM-154.2. 25.17 grams. Brightly lustrous AU with hairlines from cleaning, tiny spots of toning, well-detailed strike.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1871/0. Restrepo-318.4; KM-154.2. 24.93 grams. Well-detailed AU- with light toning over hairlines from old cleaning, very minor natural rim flaw on reverse, clear overdate.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1871. Restrepo-318.5; KM-154.2. 25.14 grams. Lustrous UNC with hairlines from light cleaning, incipient toning on rims, well-detailed strike.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 1 peso, 1871. Restrepo-317.3; KM-154.1. 24.94 grams. Bright white AU+ (cleaned) with area of weak strike near rim at same place on both sides, final date of a brief type.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, half peso, 1868, extremely rare, NGC VF details / damaged. Restrepo-292.1; KM-152. 12.33 grams. Nicely toned, with a few old marks and scratches that offended NGC, overall a rather acceptable example of this desirable one-year type that began the popular half dollar series for Colombia. The original law specified that this new denomination was to be a "medio peso," but this ended up being the only coin actually struck with that denomination, as the others from this year forward were denominated as "cinco décimos"; ironically and inexplicably, this issue shows MEDIO PESO punched over CINCO DECIMOS. Only six examples are known (according to Restrepo), with just two having crossed the block in recent years (each in five figures). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 5 décimos, 1869, extremely rare, PCGS F details / cleaned, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-295.1; KM-153.6. 12.03 grams. Attractively richly toned over smooth surfaces, any evidence of cleaning long since subdued and irrelevant at this grade level, the evident wear within surrounding areas of VF details inside the softly struck centers, also with minor planchet wrinkle across chin and die crack below ribbon. Only four examples are known (according to Restrepo), and despite the present coin’s grade and limiter (unfounded, in our opinion), its strong eye appeal and metal fabric make it the most attractive of the four, these being the other three: 1. The Eldorado/Whittier specimen in NGC F 12 2. The Banco de la República specimen plated in Restrepo and estimated to be VG-F 3. An estimated Fine owned privately in Colombia and featured in various issues of Notas Numismáticas In fact, when we first sold the present coin in Sedwick Auction 15 (May 2014), we described it as the finest known, and we see nothing to challenge that today, PCGS’s opinion notwithstanding. In any case, this piece is acknowledged as one of the great rarities in Colombian Republic silver and the first date of the challenging Popayán 5 décimos series. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 5 décimos, 1869. Restrepo-294.2; KM-153.2. 12.43 grams. Choice bold strike, XF+ with hairlines from old cleaning, now lightly toned around details, very scarce date and type.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 5 décimos, 1877/4, Wyon bust, with Costa Rica "lion" double countermark (Type VII, 1889), rare. Restrepo-298.1; KM-161.1 (host), 135.2 (c/m). 11.95 grams. Deeply toned VF host with bold XF countermarks, minor rim flaws but overall problem-free, this double countermark particularly rare and desirable in combination with the scarce first date of host type implementing the Wyon bust (replacing the Barré bust that Medellín had used up until this year), the 1877/4 overdate on this example quite clear, an important coin for specialists of both Colombia and Costa Rica.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 5 décimos, 1881, with Costa Rica "lion" double countermark (Type VII, 1889). Restrepo-298.8; KM-161.1 (host), 135.2 (c/m). 12.50 grams. Strong AU countermarks on a polished VF host with faint incipient toning near rims, edge crack above DE that was probably due to the double countermark.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 50 centavos, 1881, with Costa Rica "lion" double countermark (Type VII, 1889). Restrepo-308.9; KM-177.1 (host), 134 (c/m). 12.36 grams. Lightly cleaned AU with well-defined countermarks, some original luster and incipient toning.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 50 centavos, 1882, with Costa Rica "lion" double countermark (Type VII, 1889). Restrepo-308.911 KM-177.1 (host), 134 (c/m). 12.28 grams. Problem-free VF host with XF+ countermarks, nicely toned all over.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 5 décimos, 1884, with Costa Rica "lion" double countermark (Type VII, 1889). Restrepo-298.12; KM-161.1 (host), 135.2 (c/m). 12.41 grams. Lightly cleaned XF host, the strong countermarks closer to AU.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, proof essai 2 décimos, 1873, AB below bust (Albert Barré), extremely rare, NGC PF 64 (gold WINGS sticker), ex-Lissner. Restrepo-P42; KM-Pn38. Exceptionally attractive proof essai with sharply defined details contrasting with deeply reflective fields, all overlain with vivid multicolor toning showcasing rich rainbow hues on both sides. The bust in particular (engraved by Albert Barré) exhibits a strikingly three-dimensional quality. Also quite rare, as one of only three complete examples known to us, apart from some separately encountered uniface trials, and desirably pedigreed to the Lissner collection (the catalog for which mistakenly linked this piece to Ponterio 93, lot 1765, which was a 1 peso pattern of the same general type). Pedigreed to the R.L. Lissner Collection (CNG/St James's/Teller auction of August 2014, with original lot-sticker 1487), as stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 50 centavos, 1887, "Cocobola," rare. Restrepo-405.1; KM-185. 12.68 grams. AU with very light toning over luster and faint hairlines, scarce and popular type with Liberty rendered as the President's wife (Doña Soleded Román) without his knowledge, a single-denomination type that proved unpopular for its lower fineness of 0.500 silver and was removed from circulation in 1888.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, specimen pattern 50 centavos, 1946-B, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP64, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P182; KM-Pn98. Highly reflective surfaces with one tiny mark on cheek and slight granularity near rims (as made) but overall choice and very attractive for its extreme luster. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42290). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, specimen pattern 50 centavos, 1950, mintmark B below coat of arms, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP63, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P202; KM-Pn100. Brilliant luster with strong die-polish lines, minor rub on highest point of hair but otherwise pristine, scarce type with coat of arms designed by Luis A. Acuña showing flags and poles flanking the usual shield (not to be confused with the design of the next lot), centered mintmark below. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42293). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, specimen pattern 50 centavos, 1950, mintmark B to right of center below shield, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP64, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P200; KM-Pn101. Choice cartwheel luster with lovely red-orange toning around some details (mostly on reverse), minimal high-point friction, the arms on the reverse in a different design from the previous lot, notably with mintmark shifted to right. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42292). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, specimen pattern 50 centavos, 1950, no mintmark, reeded edge, rare, PCGS SP63, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P198; KM-Pn101 var. Icy white with brilliant luster, with strong die-polish lines on obverse but also die rust in top part of reverse, which is identical to the previous lot (in fact with the same diagnostic die gouge to bottom-left of arms) but without the added B mintmark. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42291). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, white metal specimen pattern 1 peso, 1961, reeded edge, rare, PCGS UNC details / residue, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-P240 var; KM-unl. Choice luster with traces of deep rainbow toning at rims (particularly inside the digits of the date), the surface slightly cloudy and with web of clear residue on reverse that the Eldorado cataloger described as "harmless... nothing a mild solvent couldn't cure immediately." Curiously, this is also the plate piece in Restrepo, who erroneously describes the issue as plain edge (hence we call it 240 var). Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 44504). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, copper-nickel specimen pattern 1 peso, 1963, lettered edge, rare, PCGS SP64, "top pop," ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P252; KM-unl. Bright and lustrous, a rather "mid-century modern" design with very few traces of contact on the exposed open fields (an invitation for incidental marks), noted by the Eldorado cataloger as "Listed in Restrepo as white metal, though this appears to be a standard cupronickel planchet," tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42302). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, copper pattern 2 centavos, 1890-dated, Sovereign State of Cundinamarca, NGC MS 64 RB, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-P34; KM-X5. Brilliant original copper color with touches of red in centers, somewhat prooflike, from an anachronistic fantasy series (Restrepo: "not legal coins") assigned to several "sovereign states" (in this case Cundinamarca), scarce and interesting. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, San José, 2 reales, female head / ceiba tree counterstamp (Type III, 1845) on a Madrid, Spain, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1808 AI, NGC G 4, c/s F standard. KM-37. Richly toned with lots of contrast around letters and other details, weak rims, the head and top of shield effaced by the nearly full counterstamp, scarce combination. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, San José, 2 reales, female head / ceiba tree counterstamp (Type III, 1845) on a Madrid, Spain, bust 4 reales de vellon, Joseph Napoleon, 1811 AI. KM-39. 5.36 grams. Fair host with VG counterstamp, very light rainbow toning throughout, the host date and mintmark and assayer all clear despite the heavy wear. With old collector tag.

COSTA RICA, San José, 50 céntimos, 1923 counterstamp (Type VIII) on a Costa Rica 25 centavos 1875 GW, rare host, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. KM-156. Faint luster, light toning around details, full counterstamp but with traces of original denomination still visible, rare early host for this issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, San José, 1/8 peso, 1855 JB, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-102. Well-detailed strike except for flat spot in leaves (as is typical), nice rims, with light rainbow toning over the faintest of hairlines (should be AU 58), a very pretty piece overall. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Santiago de las Vegas, 2R-sized proclamation medal, Isabel II, 1834, lettered edge, NGC MS 61. Herrera-56; Medina-426. Obverse with crowned arms inside legend ISABEL II • D • G • REINA DE LAS ESPANAS, •1834• at bottom; reverse with crowned city arms flanked by 4o. DE to left and MAYO to right, engravers' script signature Picard y Jaren ft below, all within legend on lined field reading •FELIX QUINTERO• / SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS; incuse DIOS CONSERVE LA REINA on edge. Choice luster with perfectly executed details, very faint toning near rims, some hairlines and light scratches in field to right of arms. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Güines, 1R-sized proclamation medal, Isabel II, 1834, rare, NGC AU 55. Herrera-44; Medina-414. Obverse with crowned city arms within legend ELISABETH II • HISP•ET•IND • REGINA; reverse with radiant sun above ACCLAMATIO / AVGVSTA / XXX : MART• / MDCCCXXXLV / GÜINES•; plain edge. Choice rainbow toning over smooth and lustrous surfaces, rather well preserved for this generally crude local issue, seldom encountered, let alone certified in this high grade (possibly finest known). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, 2 reales, short-and-thick key incuse countermark (1872-77) on a Zacatecas, Mexico, cap-and-rays 2 reales, 1859 MO, PCGS F12. KM-R1. Nicely toned, with sharp full countermark on reverse (the certified grade referring to the host coin), better grade than most. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Caunao, brass 10 centavos token, no date (late 1800s), Francisco Zayas Bazán y Varona, extremely rare. 2.82 grams. 20 mm. VF or so, with even golden brass surfaces showing light circulation, the denomination side displaying a bold 10 above CENTAVOS, while the other side bears an elaborate intertwined FB monogram, somewhat softly struck but readily discernible. An intriguing and apparently unpublished Cuban plantation issue attributed on the accompanying tag to Francisco Bazán in Caunao, supported by period records identifying Francisco Bazán as proprietor of the sugar mill Ingenio Monte Grande in Caunao. An important piece of 19th-century Cuban plantation exonumia.

CUBA, struck at the Gorham Mint, "souvenir" peso, 1897, Type II (closely spaced date and star to right below baseline), NGC MS 62. KM-XM2. Well struck with faint toning over cartwheel luster, scattered light contact marks appropriate for the grade, the Type II diagnostics bold and distinct, a popular Cuban independence issue struck in Providence, Rhode Island, for the Cuban Revolutionary movement, with a low mintage of 4,286 pieces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Gorham Mint, 1 peso, 1898, rare, NGC XF 45. KM-A8. Deeply gray toned with minimal wear for the assigned grade (could be AU 50 on a better day) but no luster, minimal bagmarks. This key second year of mintage without SOUVENIR in the design was proposed just three weeks after the explosion and sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor. According to Emilio Ortiz in Money of the Caribbean (2006), on March 9, 1898, Gorham agreed "to make one thousand Cuban Coins in about four days from the receipt of the order." Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 20 pesos, 1915, José Martí, NGC AU 58. KM-21; Fr-1. Strong cartwheel luster indicative of a higher grade but perhaps a few too many minor bagmarks, still MS to our eyes (AGW 0.9675 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 5 pesos, 1916, José Martí, NGC MS 61. KM-19; Fr-4. Choice rich color with very strong cartwheel luster, minimal bagmarks (AGW 0.2419 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 1 peso, 1915, José Martí, NGC MS 66. KM-16; Fr-7. Cartwheel luster with radiant rainbow toning encircling the centers, lacking any contact marks, choice gem grade (AGW 0.0484 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, 20 centavos, 1915, low-relief star, coarse reeding, NGC MS 65. KM-13.2. Gem grade with choice cartwheel luster, incipient golden toning (plus a few dark spots on reverse rim), strong die-polish lines on reverse, slightly granular obverse, near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, proof 10 centavos, 1915, very rare, NGC PF 64. KM-A12. Beautifully rainbow toned with streaks of bright blue, much underlying luster, key first year of Cuban Republic proofs with only 125 pieces struck, seldom offered this choice. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, 10 centavos, 1916, NGC MS 64+. KM-A12. Cartwheel luster with traces of light, speckled toning, a condition rarity as one of the finest certified examples of this key date (lowest mintage of the type with 560,000 struck), tied with one other for second finest certified by NGC, with only two MS 65 examples grading higher, among a current census of 78 entries. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, copper-nickel proof 1 centavo, 1916, very rare, NGC PF 63, ex-Rudman. KM-9.1. Sharply struck with reflective proof fields and well-defined devices, minor surface speckling, faint gold toning, among the first Cuban Republic proof issues with a reported mintage of just 104 pieces, considerably scarcer than its circulation counterpart and an important type for the advanced Cuban specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, 10 centavos, 1952, 50th anniversary of the Republic, NGC MS 66. KM-23. Beautifully rainbow toned over luster with light rings of blue-magenta-gold on reverse and splashes of same on obverse, Gem grade with only three finer at MS 67 in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, bi-metallic gold & silver proof 500 pesos, 2000, Che Guevara, with star, numbered on reverse 011, extremely rare, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, finest known in NGC census. KM-950. 74.00 grams. 50 mm. Box: 4" x 6". Obverse with Cuban arms within oak and laurel branches, REPÚBLICA DE CUBA above and denomination below, metal weights and finenesses flanking, LÍMITE DE EMISIÓN 101 at upper left and individual serial number 011 at upper right; reverse with facing portrait of Guevara wearing his familiar starred beret, facsimile signature at lower left, date and key and star mintmark at right, HASTA LA VICTORIA SIEMPRE above and ERNESTO GUEVARA DE LA SERNA below. Sharply detailed frosted devices contrast with reflective fields, with scattered light surface marks and spots and delicate peripheral toning on the silver center. Offered as a personalized issue produced to order, with an announced limit of 101 individually numbered pieces (not a confirmed mintage). The reported NGC census comprises just four specimens, with the present PF 69 Ultra Cameo standing alone as the finest, above two PF 68 and one PF 65. This impressive proof is arguably one of the most technically ambitious and finely executed modern products of the Casa de la Moneda de Cuba, combining an outer ring of 49 grams of .999 fine gold with a center of 25 grams of .999 fine silver, for a specified total weight of 74 grams. The mint’s technical specifications give an overall diameter of 50 mm, a silver center measuring 35 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm for both components. Accompanied by its original black velvet presentation box with glass interior and original Casa de la Moneda de Cuba Certificado de Propiedad, or certificate of ownership. Dated Havana, April 1, 2002, the certificate records the mint’s sale of piece No. 011 to Domingo Suárez, identifies the special series honoring Che Guevara, and explains the issue limit and individual numbering. The matching number directly connects this specimen to its named purchaser and documents its sale by the mint in 2002, two years after the coin’s 2000 date. The Casa de la Moneda de Cuba’s official promotional flyer titled "El arte en metal"—a color facsimile copy of which accompanies this lot—features on the front a gold upper panel with the mint’s oval emblem, a large green portrait of Guevara, and color illustrations of both sides of the coin above the caption "Una moneda personalizada" in gold script, with the design credited to the mint. The back of the flyer emphasizes the technical challenges of joining different proof-finish precious metals and explains the personalized character conferred by each specimen’s individual number. A shaded technical specifications table supplies the dimensions and component weights, followed by the mint’s emblem and Havana contact information. An especially important offering for the advanced Cuban coin collector, combining exceptional technical execution, individual numbering, and finest-known status. Accompanied by original presentation box and original certificate issued to the first owner. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, proof 10 pesos, 1998, Río Bravo - Hamburg to Havana, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, "top pop." KM-611. Struck as part of Cuba’s maritime commemorative series, featuring the ship Rio Bravo, identified on the reverse in connection with the Hamburg-to-Havana route. Deeply mirrored fields with heavily frosted devices and virtually flawless surfaces, purple toning on rims, currently tied with four others for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, colorized proof 10 pesos, 2001, Cotorra, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, "top pop." KM-768. Superb colorized proof with deep mirrored fields, strong cameo contrast and vivid enameling depicting the cotorra bird (a green Cuban parrot), virtually flawless, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, copper-nickel 1 peso prueba, 2000, Sea Ambulance Buenaventura, NGC MS 65. cf KM-826 for regular issue. An unlisted trial strike from the Relics of Navigation series, featuring the paddlewheel steamer Buenaventura (Sea Ambulance) on one side, and with PRUEBA ("trial") appearing above the arms on the other side to distinguish it from the regular issue, satin-smooth surfaces with muted luster, a few small spots of dark toning, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 67. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, copper-nickel 1 peso prueba, 2000, Submarine Peral, NGC MS 66. cf KM-823 for regular issue. An unlisted trial strike from the Relics of Navigation series, featuring the submarine Peral on one side and with PRUEBA ("trial") appearing above the arms on the other side to distinguish it from the regular issue, strong luster with light golden hue, sole second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 67. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, copper-nickel 1 peso prueba, 2000, Submarine Peral, NGC MS 65. cf KM-823 for regular issue. An unlisted trial strike from the Relics of Navigation series, featuring the submarine Peral on one side and with PRUEBA ("trial") appearing above the arms on the other side to distinguish it from the regular issue, strong luster, just a couple tiny marks and spots of toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CURAÇAO, Utrecht mint, proof 1/10 gulden, Wilhelmina, 1901, very rare, PCGS PR65 Cameo, "top pop." KM-36. Frosty details and luster with very faint rainbow toning, single-year issue that is very rare in proof with a reported mintage of only 40 pieces, tied with two others for finest in the PCGS census, an important coin for the Caribbean specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DANISH WEST INDIES, Copenhagen Mint, 20 cents, Frederik VII, 1859, NGC PL 62. KM-67. Strong luster with tinges of rainbow toning throughout, a prooflike issue with interesting old certified grade from when NGC separated such coins from other Mint State examples in regular finish (would be MS 62 PL nowadays). Please use this link to verify the certification number

DANISH WEST INDIES, Copenhagen Mint, 20 cents, Frederik VII, 1862, PCGS PL63. KM-67. Strong details with light rainbow toning over luster, a prooflike issue with interesting old certified grade from when PCGS separated such coins from other Mint State examples in regular finish (would be MS63 PL nowadays). Please use this link to verify the certification number

DANISH WEST INDIES, Copenhagen Mint, 20 cents, Frederik VII, 1862, NGC MS 62, ex-Rudman. KM-67. Vividly rainbow toned with lots of gold and magenta, much underlying luster, evidently not prooflike (unlike the previous two lots and the next one). Pedigreed to the Rudman Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

DANISH WEST INDIES, Copenhagen Mint, 10 cents, Frederik VII, 1859, NGC PL 63. KM-66. Very lightly rainbow toned over strong luster, a prooflike issue with interesting old certified grade from when NGC separated such coins from other Mint State examples in regular finish (would be MS 63 PL nowadays). Please use this link to verify the certification number

DANISH WEST INDIES, St. Thomas, copper-nickel octagonal 2 cents Mexican token, 1890, Russell Brothers, NGC MS 62, finest and only example in NGC census. Higgie-446. Lustrous with light golden hue, a popular token in very rare choice grade (note: slab has a chip in the bottom left edge). Please use this link to verify the certification number

DOMINICA, British Administration, 1½ bitts (moco), crenated center cut of a Spanish colonial bust 8R stamped with script-D in sunburst (1798). Prid-22; KM-1. 3.00 grams. Attractively toned XF with inconsequential old scratches on blank reverse.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Santo Domingo, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, assayer F to left, denomination o-IIII to right, mintmark P to left and S to right, very rare, PCGS VF details / saltwater damage, only example in PCGS census, ex-Rudman (stated on label), Calicó Plate (2008). Downing-Rudman-4R.12; S-SD1; Cal-140; KM-32 var. 12.43 grams. One of only five known of this type, struck on a broad flan with full legends (king and queen stated on both sides, followed by REGIS on the pillars side and R on the shield side) bearing cloverleaf ornaments and all-Latin lettering, choice full pillars with mintmark P-S, also with strong assayer F and denomination on shield side (proper castles and lions) despite some corrosion on that side, deeply toned all over, with hairline edge crack. As a group, Santo Domingo coins minted under Charles and Joanna are the rarest coins from the Spanish Colonial New World mints, probably because the mint operated for a only short period of time, from 1542 to 1552. Their design is similar to the coins struck at the Mexico City mint, which began slightly earlier, in 1536. There was only one Santo Domingo assayer for this series, Francisco Rodríguez (assayer F). Santo Domingo coins frequently show anomalies, like transposed castles and lions, mintmark P-S instead of S-P, and misspellings in the legend (the current piece, for example, shows YOHANA for the queen's name on one side). Execution was generally crude, with some exceptions, the current piece being one. Santo Domingo silver coins of Charles-Joanna rarely come up for sale; this is an opportunity not to be missed. Pedigreed to the Rudman Collection (Cayón auction of December 2003, lot 87), plated on page 123 of the 2008 edition of Calicó's Numismática española. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Santo Domingo, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, no assayer (F), mintmark P to left and S to right, extremely rare. Downing-Rudman-HR.4; S-SD1; Cal-58; KM-24. 1.07 grams. Lightly corroded all over and with some edge loss, but still with mostly readable details, the legends showing Latin lettering, ringlet ornaments, king and queen's name on both sides, contrasting toning, one of only three known for this variety (and only eighteen known in total), another great opportunity to acquire a seldom-offered Santo Domingo silver coin of Charles-Joanna. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 669).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, struck at the Paris mint, copper-nickel proof 2½ centavos, 1888-A, large date, very rare, NGC PF 65, "top pop." KM-7.3. Lustrous fields with frosty details, with faint rainbow toning throughout, quite a bit rarer than the small-date and Heaton-mint varieties, a lovely proof that is one of just two in the NGC census, both at this top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Philadelphia mint, gold 30 pesos, 1955, 25th anniversary of the Trujillo regime, NGC MS 60. KM-24, Fr-1. 29.6 grams. Rich gold color and cartwheel luster, somewhat bagmarked but without wear, from a reported mintage of 33,000 coins (AGW 0.8572 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, Quito, 8 reales, MDQ countermark (1831) on a Bogotá, Colombia (Cundinamarca), 8 reales, 1820 (no overdate) J•F, LIBERTAD AMERICANA, very rare, PCGS G6, c/m VF details. KM-9; host: Restrepo-142.3. Very prominent full countermark on the native woman's neck, the host coin with rather bold legends and date (showing no evidence of 20/19, which Restrepo calls very rare) all set off by contrasting toning, full rims, this countermark much more often seen with later REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA / CUNDINAMARCA hosts than for this LIBERTAD AMERICANA / NUEVA GRANADA host. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, Quito, 8 reales, MDQ countermark (1831) on a Bogotá (Cundinamarca), Colombia, 8 reales, 1821 J•F, mintmark BA with dots below and after A. Restrepo-157.4s; KM-10. 20.92 grams. Bold full countermark on native's neck, the host a well-toned VG with reverse legend particularly strong (but interior weak), scarce and popular type.

ECUADOR, Quito, 2 reales, MDQ countermark (1831) on a Bogotá (Cundinamarca), Colombia, 2 reales, 1820 J•F, dots on obverse and reverse, very rare. KM-8; host: Restrepo-155.1. 5.62 grams. Full but shallow countermark punched upside down relative to the native portrait, host worn Fair but with clear date and variety, quite a bit rarer than 1821-host examples.

ECUADOR, Quito, 2 reales, MDQ countermark (1831) on a Bogotá (Cundinamarca), Colombia, 2 reales, 1821 J•F, mintmark BA with dots below and after A. Restrepo-155.6s; KM-8. 5.37 grams. Full and strong countermark on native's neck, the host a well-detailed Fine with light granular toning, slightly off-center obverse with natural dip in edge, scarce and popular type.

ECUADOR, Quito, 4 reales, 1844 MV-A, PCGS VF20. Seppa-Anderson-EC62; Carr 57; KM-27. Broad, well-centered flan with deep old multicolor toning exhibiting notable blue and golden hues, clear 1844 date, engraver's initial A (usually worn off) barely visible on the condor's breast, the arms and Bolívar's portrait strong despite the typical high-point wear, scarce one-year type with excellent eye appeal for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, Quito, 2 reales, 1850 GJ, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Brown. Seppa-Anderson-EC54; KM-33. Lovely luster overlain with patch of deep rainbow toning behind bust, central details a bit weakly struck but not worn, in fact choice grade for this type. Pedigreed to the Jim Brown Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2025, lot 45293). Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, 2 reales, arms countermark (Type V, 1868) on a Potosí, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1804 (PJ), rare. KM-unl. 6.16 grams. Very choice full countermark (VF, rusty die) on bust of a VG/G host with mintmark barely visible, the date and bust clear, a later host type and mint not listed in KM (with no auction records that we can find), richly toned all over. With old collector's tag.

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, 2 reales, arms countermark (Type V, 1868) on a Potosí, Bolivia, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1807 PJ, rare. KM-unl. 6.35 grams. Very choice full countermark (VF) on reverse of a F/VF host with full details and lovely old toning, a later host type and mint not listed in KM (with no auction records that we can find). With old collector's tag.

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, 1 real, arms countermark (Type V, 1869) on a Mexico City, Mexico, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M), rare. KM-50. 2.42 grams. Nearly full VG countermark near center of pillars side of a very worn host (Fair) with small hole near edge, mintmark and assayer clear, traces of toning, a rare combination with more than 300 years between the original issue and the countermark!.

ESSEQUIBO & DEMERARY, struck in London, 1 guilder, George III, 1809, NGC MS 62. Prid-10; KM-6. Bold strike with choice luster overlain with very light rainbow toning, a one-year type with reverse legend COLONIES OF ESSEQUEBO & DEMARARY TOKEN 1809, reflecting slightly different spelling and segregation of the two colonies (the former being the original Dutch settlement dating to 1616 and the latter spun off in 1745), later to become the united British colony of Demerary & Essequibo, eventually part of British Guiana and now within the country of Guyana. The recorded mintage was 32,250 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ESSEQUIBO & DEMERARY, struck in London, 1 guilder, George III, 1816, rare, NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census. Prid-11; KM-13. Superb Gem with brilliant cartwheel luster and sharp full details (particularly in the laureate portrait), faint incipient toning on rims, light mark to right of denomination but still clearly choice and in fact the sole finest of currently fourteen entries in the NGC census. This single-date type with reverse legend of COLONY OF DEMERARY & ESSEQUIBO was this area's second silver issue by the British, who took control after the Dutch (see previous lot). The recorded mintage was 34,000 pieces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Paris mint, gold ecu d'or au soleil, Charles VIII (1483-1498), second emission (1494-98), pellet under eighteenth letter, NGC XF 45. Dupl-575A; Ciani-794; Fr-318. Strong details enhanced by toning in crevices, full legends in Gothic lettering. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Paris mint, gold louis d'or au soleil, Louis XIV, 1709-A, PCGS AU58. Gad-256; Dupl-1449; KM-390; Fr-444. Choice bold strike with light red toning in legends, minimal high-point wear, small die cracks on reverse, very attractive. With old Spink & Son, Ltd. envelope. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Montpellier, bronze jeton, Louis XIV, no date (1697), mintmark N, sack of Cartagena (Colombia), NGC VF 35 BN. Feuardent-12915. With bust of Louis XIV on obverse and a reverse design featuring a crowned trident in front of a naval scene, legend as OMEN IMPERII•MARITIMI, this piece commemorates an event described in Daniel Sedwick's new book, Arce's Doubloons (2025, p. 47), in which French commander Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis, sacked Cartagena with buccaneer allies in 1697 and brought as much as 20 million livres of treasure back to France... without sharing with his pirate friends! Reverse sharper than obverse, even chocolate-brown color all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Limoges mint, gold 2 louis d'or à la tête nue, Louis XVI, 1786-I (first semester, no dot), PCGS MS63. Gad-363; Dupl-1706; KM-592.7; Fr-474. Choice luster and strong full details, the king’s portrait retaining crisp hair and facial definition despite minor doubling, slightly off-center strike, minimal marks, particularly attractive for the type, among the top five graded by PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Lyon mint, gold louis d'or à la tête nue, Louis XVI, 1786-D (second semester, with dot), PCGS MS63. Gad-361; KM-591.3; Fr-475. Superb toning in deep rainbow splashes over strong luster, choice and well-centered strike with all details crisp, tied with two others for second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS65. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRENCH COLONIES, Strasbourg mint, billon 2 sols (sou marque or 24 deniers), Louis XV, 1742-BB, no overdate, rare, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census. Gad-281; Dupl-1690; Ciani-2138; KM-500.4. Exceptional preservation for this difficult French billon issue typically attributed to the French-American colonies (as did NGC), where the type generally circulated, this example with substantial original silvery surfaces beneath light pewter-gray toning, well-centered strike with full rims and strong definition throughout, the finest example on record, and also a non-overdate variety not listed in Vlack or Gadoury. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRENCH GUIANA, copper-nickel-zinc essai 20 centimes, 1887, NGC MS 62. Lec-35; KM-E2. A scarce pattern issue with light rainbow toning over choice luster (somewhat prooflike), well-defined portrait detail above ESSAI, rather lovely. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Donauwörth (Holy Roman Empire), 1 taler, Charles V, 1544, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Dav-9170. Impressive taler of the Free Imperial City of Donauwörth, struck during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, with bold Renaissance portraiture and strong heraldic detail on both sides. Choice old toning throughout, with much underlying mint luster still visible in the fields and around the devices, giving the coin excellent depth and eye appeal. Sharply struck and well centered, with only minor doubling on obverse and very light high-point friction. A notably choice survivor of this important Holy Roman Empire issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMANY, Weimar Republic, Berlin mint, 5 mark, 1930-A, Graf Zeppelin, PCGS MS65. J-343; KM-68. Popular commemorative of the Graf Zeppelin's flight around the world, here in Gem grade, blast white with luster, minimal bagmarks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, Tower mint, crown, James I, first coinage (1603-4), thistle mintmark. Sp-2643; North-2070. 14.40 grams. Deeply toned Fine with bold legends but weak central elements, letter H scratched into field above horse's rump, nice aspect overall despite the wear.

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, shilling, George III, 1817, ICG MS65. Sp-3790; KM-666. Deeply rainbow toned over luster, desirable Gem grade.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, "moclón" 2 reales, Type B crown countermark (1662) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period). 6.05 grams. Strong and nearly full countermark on right part of shield with clear P-B to left and nearly full crown above, full cross-and-tressure with solder-mark in center, small hole to left of cross / bottom of shield, VG with toning in crevices.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, "moclón" 2 reales, Type B crown countermark (1662) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible, lions and castles transposed in shield and cross. Cal-838; KM-B1.3. 5.37 grams. Full countermark on left part of shield, very broad flan with small parts of legend including king's name and evidence of a 90-degree counterclockwise shift on reverse, rather worn (Good), with attempted or filled hole at edge. With old collector's tag.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, cob 4 reales, 1753 J, with sun-over-mountains (Type II, 1839) countermark. S-G1a; Cal-352; KM-11; JP-4R21; countermark KM-87.2. 11.97 grams. Richly old-toned VG with clear tops of digits of date, deep VF countermark on top of shield, holed near point in edge.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, cob 1 real, 1733 J, rare. S-G1; JP-1R1b; Cal-354; KM-3. 3.12 grams. A rather choice example of the desirable first date, with bold 33 and mintmark G on off-center pillars side, well-centered shield with full •J• to left and •I• to right, king's ordinal V in legend, contrastingly toned and problem-free Fine (no hole).

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, cob 1 real, 1734 J, ex-Stuart. S-G1; JP-1R2; Cal-355; KM-3. 3.21 grams. Choice full crown above globes between well-centered pillars-and-waves with full G*1734*G below, excellent full crown and shield on other side flanked by *J* and *I*, richly toned VF (rare grade for this type) with light old scratches but no hole, neatly pentagonal flan. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection (Sedwick Auction 21, lot 1220).

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, cob ½ real, 1733 J, denomination as +, rare. S-G1; JP-MR1d; Cal-111; KM-2. 1.54 grams. Well-centered strike on a thin flan with all central elements full including *J* and *+* flanking shield, also complete date and both mintmarks, with attempted and/or filled holes at top and another hole at bottom (medal-aligned strike), desirable first date, VG/F with dark, contrasting toning.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, cob ½ real, 1751 J. S-G1a; JP-MR19; Cal-25; KM-8. 1.55 grams. Off-center pillars side with clear date and mintmark, richly toned AVG with some hairlines, scarce without hole.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1758 J, no abaci below crowns atop pillars, PCGS VF details / cleaned. Yonaka-G8.58b; JP-8R26b; Cal-436; KM-18. Lightly toned over old hairlines, adjustment marks on shield, bold strike and nice aspect overall. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1754 J, rare, NGC VG details / rev damage. Yonaka-G2.54; JP-2R.22b; Cal-251; KM-20. Lightly toned, with strong peripheral details but centers a bit weak and possibly with old disturbance in center of shield, slightly off-center pillars side, overall a decent example of what Yonaka calls a "Very rare date." Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1761 P, rare, NGC G details / rev cleaned. Yonaka-G2.61; JP-2R.30a; Cal-546; KM-25. Richly toned, with slight concavity to the planchet causing more wear on the pillars than on the shield, slightly off-center strike with incomplete rims, should be straight-graded VG in our estimation, rated scarce in JP but Yonaka says "Very rare date." Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1764 P, NGC VF details / obv scratched. Yonaka-G2.64; JP-2R.33; Cal-549; KM-25. Bold details with deep, rich toning all over, incomplete rims, faint old marks below QUE, scarce. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1765 P, NGC F 15. Yonaka-G2.65; JP-2R.34; Cal-551; KM-25. Attractively toned, with strong details for the grade, incomplete rims, scarce issue but somewhat rare as straight graded. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 2 reales, Charles III, 1768 P, NGC G 6. Yonaka-G2.68; JP-2R.37; Cal-554; KM-25. Slightly off-center strike, great detail for the assigned grade, with neat old toning exhibiting purple undertones, scarce issue but even more so as straight graded. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA (Central American Republic), Guatemala City, ¼ real, 1840/30, NGC MS 66. KM-1. Prooflike luster and frosty details, slightly off-center strike, traces of incipient toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Mexico City, Mexico, klippe 8 reales, 1733 MF. KM-107. This attractive coin bears the deepest, boldest countermark we have ever seen (in lower-left quadrant of the cross), punched almost all the way through the flan, in fact twice, the details within no worse than VF but only slightly higher grade than the host, which was nicely centered on a full flan to show a complete date and king's name in addition to all the interior elements, lovely contrasting toning all over, with plugged and repaired holes past three of the points of the cross (just not the top, strangely enough).

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1693 VR. KM-77.15. 26.68 grams. Choice, full, and deeply impressed XF countermark in upper-left quadrant of slightly off-center cross just below a nice full crown, the pillars side well centered with clear date and second crown at top, lightly toned Fine with edge cracks (one of which was caused by the countermark), scarce early host and rare without hole.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1766 V-(Y). KM-77.5. 26.56 grams. Choice, full, but somewhat shallow AXF countermark near edge outside of lower-right quadrant of full and bold cross featuring full date below, complete pillars with second date and assayer bold, small hole and several cracks in periphery, nicely toned VF.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Guatemala City, Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1739 J. KM-77.1. 26.36 grams. Strong full AXF countermark near center of shield with assayer to left, clear date and full crown on other side, the host somewhat worn and weak in centers (Good) but without any hole in the periphery, also a rectangular flan more reminiscent of a Mexican cob, with elegant cabinet toning throughout.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Guatemala City, Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1741 J, NGC G 6. KM-77.1. 26.8 grams. Full VF countermark above globes with bold date below, off-center shield side with strong denomination 8 visible, attractively toned, scarce and particularly desirable as straight graded (no hole). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Guatemala City, Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1749 J. KM-77.1. 26.09 grams. Full VF+ countermark on globes with nearly full date below (just the right side of the 9 flat), also bold mintmark G, full assayer J on weaker shield side, overall VG with nice toning, neatly rhomboid flan with no discernible hole.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 8 reales, sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on a Guatemala City, Guatemala, cob 8 reales, 1752 J. KM-77.2. 26.51 grams. Full but relatively shallow AXF countermark above assayer, clear date, richly toned but somewhat softly struck AVG with crude old hole in periphery.

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 1 peso, "½ real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Santiago, Chile, 1 peso, 1881, NGC MS 61, c/s UNC standard. KM-216. Lustrous, with faint traces of incipient toning, typical bagmarks and hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, 1 peso, "½ real" counterstamp of 1894 on a Lima, Peru, 1 sol, 1894 TF, NGC AU 58, c/s UNC standard. KM-224. Strong cartwheel luster with golden toning all over, light surface hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Pochuta, Chimaltenango, copper 2 reales plantation token, ca. late 1800s, El Retiro / J. Fernández Romero, PCGS MS63 Red-Brown, finest and only example in PCGS census. Paiz-FR.08.03; Rulau-Chm4; Weyl-1718. Obverse with J. FERNANDEZ ROMERO around 2.; reverse with EL RETIRO / POCHUTA around 2.; plain edge. Choice original luster and color except for some bluish browning on fields, possibly a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Pochuta, Chimaltenango, copper ½ real plantation token, ca. late 1800s, El Retiro / J. Fernández Romero, PCGS MS62 Red-Brown, finest and only example in PCGS census. Paiz-FR.08.01; Rulau-Chm6; Weyl-1718. Obverse with J. FERNANDEZ ROMERO around ½.; reverse with EL RETIRO / POCHUTA around ½.; plain edge. Very bright original luster, light in color but with traces of light rainbow toning, possibly a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Pochuta, Chimaltenango, copper ½ real plantation token, ca. late 1800s, Wyld Hermanos / Liberia, PCGS MS65, finest and only example in PCGS census. Paiz-FL.03.04; Rulau-Chm40; Eklund-1120. Obverse with WYLD HNOS / POCHUTA around ½; reverse with LIBERIA above large L, plain edge. Bright with original luster and light color, traces of faint rainbow toning, possibly a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Pochuta, Chimaltenango, copper ½ real plantation token, ca. late 1800s, Wyld Hermanos / San Carlos, PCGS MS65 Red, finest and only example in PCGS census. Paiz-FS.022.01; Rulau-unl. Obverse with WYLD HNOS / POCHUTA around ½; reverse with SAN CARLOS above large S, plain edge. Choice original color and luster, no toning, possibly a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. Note this is different from Rulau-Chm43, which is a hexagonal brass token of the same denomination. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, State of Northern Haiti, 15 sols, 1808, large date variety, NGC F 12, ex-Rudman. KM-6. Bold stylized standing Liberty figure above date (partially off flan) with even bolder denomination to left, fully detailed but slightly off-center reverse, attractively toned all over, a few marks from honest wear, scarce three-year type issued under Henri Christophe, particularly desirable as straight graded (and a better date). Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, Kingdom of Northern Haiti, gold matte proof pattern fantasy crown, Henri I, dated 1811 / L'AN 8, INA Retro Issue, extremely rare, PCGS PR68, finest and only example in PCGS census. KM-X13d. 39.41 grams. Exceptional matte proof with rich yellow color and remarkably pristine, finely textured surfaces, sharply and evenly struck throughout, with trace of luster on obverse, a large and impressive gold piece with distinctly medallic aspect, completely devoid of any evidence of handling. Apart from the obvious intrinsic value, this fantasy piece has iconographic importance as a memorial to Henri Christophe, who fashioned his own State of Haiti in the north part of the country after the assassination of Dessalines and transformed it a few years later into Haiti's first and only Kingdom, with himself as King Henri I. Just as on the pattern silver crown (2 gourdes) struck for him in England in 1811, Henri appears here in Roman fashion: laureate, armored, and draped. However, the present piece is a modern fantasy, struck by the well-known International Numismatic Agency in London (ca. 1980s or later), specializing in private fantasy issues using historical models. Copper and gilt-copper examples are common, but this is the first we have heard of in solid gold (might be unique). Pedigreed to the SINCONA auction of October 2025, lot 2833. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, Port-au-Prince, 25 centimes, Pétion, An 14 (1817), NGC MS 66. Lissade-94; KM-15.1. Very choice example, brilliantly lustrous and fully detailed, even with a substantial amount of the obverse rim showing, practically as nice as they come, in fact currently tied with eight others (among 170 entries) for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 67. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 2 centimes, An 27 // 1830, NGC MS 61 BN. KM-A22. Bold strike, with nice, even, copper-brown color but no luster, choice for the issue, second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 62 for the BN designation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 2 centimes, An 28 // 1831, NGC AU 58 BN. KM-A22. Strong strike with even but lusterless copper-brown color, areas of notable die rust, choice grade for the type, currently second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 61. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 1 centime, An 25 // 1828, NGC AU 53 BN, ex-Rudman. KM-A21. Sharply detailed with lovely rainbow toning over muted luster, choice grade, second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 63. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 1 centime, An 28 // 1830, NGC AU 55 BN, ex-Rudman. KM-A21. Bold strike with traces of die rust, lusterless but even copper-brown color. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 1 centime, An 28 // 1831, NGC MS 63 BN, "top pop." KM-A21. Choice grade (currently tied with one other for finest known in the NGC census) but struck from rather rusty dies, light copper-brown color with muted glossy surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, copper 1 centime, An 38 // 1841, NGC AU 55 BN. KM-A21. Crude strike, per the type, but minimally circulated and with glossy purplish surfaces, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single AU 58. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, struck in France or Belgium, essai 10 centimes, 1870-BB, engraver's initials CT, NGC MS 65. Maz-2233; KM-PnB75. Prooflike Gem with frosty details emanating from mirror fields graced with touches of light rainbow toning. At the bottom on the reverse appear a BB mintmark for Strasbourg as well as an angel's head mintmark for Brussels, with CT to right for Paris engraver Charles Trotin. Note: The NGC census shows the wrong coin for this number. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, provisional "imitation cob" 2 reales, 1823-PMPY, quadrants of cross transposed with retrograde lions, trefoils atop pillars, rare. Cal-977; KM-15.1. 7.08 grams. Strange, overweight flan (XRF tested at 70% silver) cut into a sort of diamond shape with two corners diagonally sliced, toned and high grade (AU or so) but with gold-colored residue, the cross and pillars full and well centered with clear date.

HONDURAS, Comayagua, 8 reales, small royal crown countermark (1824) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1766 (V-Y), very rare. KM-unl. 26.06 grams. Typically chunky cob in toned Fine grade, with well-centered full pillars and cross, full XF countermark deeply punched on the date. Decrees from 1824 mention that proper countermarks for Comayagua were ordered from Guatemala but did not arrive, so they had to use old Spanish colonial "royal fifth" punches instead, more often seen on "imitation cob" 2 reales of Tegucigalpa. This is the third we have seen on a Potosí cob 8 reales of this period.

HONDURAS (Central American Republic), Tegucigalpa, low-silver 1 real, 1845 G, FECUNDO variety. Stickney-C266; KM-18b. 2.59 grams. Dark VF with choice strike except for flat tree detail, good metal quality (albeit only 11% fine silver, according to XRF), with edge crack.

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 1 peso, 1890, NGC AU 55. Stickney-C315; KM-52. Choice strike with all details sharp against lustrous fields graced with light golden toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HUNGARY, Transylvania, Karlsburg mint, gold 1 ducat, Maria Theresa, 1759, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in PCGS census. KM-610; Fr-543. Sharp details and choice luster in rich gold color, faint hairlines but practically no wear, attractive and rare in this quality. This issue was struck in the Principality of Transylvania during Maria Theresa’s rule as queen of Hungary and empress of the Habsburg Holy Roman Empire. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (kingdom), 1 coronato, Ferdinand I (1458-1494), mintmaster Latin C / Gothic C, NGC AU details / environmental damage, ex-Vidal Quadras (stated on label), ex-Muntaner. Cru.V.S.-1007 var; Cru.C.G.-3417 var; MIR-68/17. 3.87 grams. Choice fine portrait of Ferdinand of Aragón (prior to his union with Isabel of Castile and León) with Latin C for mintmaster Jacobo Contrullo behind his neck, choice full cross potent above Gothic C on reverse, full legends on both sides consisting of CORONATVS • QA • LEGITIME • CERTAV / FERDINANDVS : D:G:R•SICIL:IER•VN and Maltese cross (all the dots actually ringlets), deeply toned and high grade but with small spot of raised oxidation in upper-left quadrant of cross, distinguished pedigree. Pedigreed to the Vidal Quadras Collection (coin 6267, with original old tag) and to the Ramón Muntaner Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2014, lot 611). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Sicily (kingdom), Messina, 2 tari, Carlo V, 1541, mintmaster IP, NGC AU 50, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Vidal Quadras (stated on label), ex-Muntaner. Vti-167; Cru.C.G.-4171f; MIR-292/2. 5.85 grams. Bold and well-detailed portrait of the Holy Roman Emperor (with INPERATOR very bold in legend), the crowned eagle on reverse also choice with I-P below for mintmaster Giovanni Andrea Papardo, plus with bold full SICILIE in legend followed by date 1541 (middle digits weak), all well centered on a broad flan with deep, beautiful rainbow toning, a particularly appealing example of this scarce dated issue, with a distinguished pedigree extending to the Vidal Quadras Collection. Pedigreed to the Vidal Quadras Collection (coin 6974, with original old tag) and to the Ramón Muntaner Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2014, lot 856). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 ducatone, Philip II, no date, PCGS XF45. Olivares-Type 6/27; Dav-8307. Large coin struck on a broad flan with full and bold legends, choice full arms on reverse with caryatids flanking base, bust of Philip II on obverse slightly weak due to typical convexity, lustrous and lightly toned, scarce issue, this example appearing as finest and only example in the PCGS census but apparently as misattributed to Dav-8313 (scudo). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 ducatone, Philip II, 1585 (1S8S), rare, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Olivares-Type 6/30; Dav-8309; MIR-308/12. Gorgeous piece with deep peacock toning on lustrous surfaces, well centered on a broad flan with complete outer borders, choice and well-detailed interior design including bust of Philip II right between date 1S-8S (with S's for 5's), notably well preserved for this large Renaissance silver issue with excellent eye appeal, this date rated R in Olivares, particularly desirable as the only MS example graded by NGC or PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 filippo, Philip IV, 1657, NGC AU 58. Olivares-Type 2/245; Dav-4003; KM-55. Bright with luster, broad flan, well-centered strike with very sharp portrait above date, the arms on reverse also sharp but with two tiny coppery lacunae at bottom, choice quality for this scarce issue, only three finer at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 filippo, Philip IV, 1657, NGC AU 55. Olivares-Type 1/244; Dav-4003; KM-55. Nice luster with attractive light toning, very sharp portrait of Philip IV (slightly different from previous lot, without cherub above the Golden Fleece) above double-punched date, particularly bold ordinal IIII in legend, the crowned arms on reverse extremely well detailed, overall quite choice for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 filippo, Charles II, 1676, NGC MS 63, "top pop." Olivares-Type 2/278; MIR-387; Crippa-3; Dav-4005; KM-92. 27.84 grams. 43 mm. Attractively toned with traces of rainbow colors near edge, broad-flan issue with sharp hair and armor detail on young bust of Charles II with date below, sharply detailed crowned arms on reverse, nearly complete legends despite a small natural lacuna on edge, exceptional grade (currently tied with four others in the NGC census). Ex Gadoury Auction 2023, 14 October 2023, lot 516. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), 1 carlino, Philip II, no date (1554-56) mintmaster IBR (monogram), no markings below bust, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. MIR-165; Tauler-620; Vti-312. 2.94 grams. Richly rainbow toned with sharp full details throughout, fairly well centered for the type, the portrait and legends particularly strong, apparently a very scarce variety in notably top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), ½ ducato, Philip II, no date (1554-56) mintmaster IBR (monogram), NGC AU 55. Olivares-Type 2/101; MIR-160. 14.87 grams. Superb rich toning on a broad flan with sharp full details throughout, interesting issue showing Philip's titles as King of England and France (during his marriage to Queen Mary) and Prince of Spain (since Charles I was still king), rare grade and loaded with eye appeal. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), ½ ducato, Philip II, no date (1554-56) mintmaster IBR, PCGS AU 55, "top pop." Olivares-Type 2/101; MIR-160. 13.20 grams. Same type as previous lot (with legend showing Philip as King of England and France and Prince of Spain) but on a smaller flan with a bit less toning, granular surfaces, but the details still quite sharp and high grade (tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), ½ ducato, Philip II, 1575 mintmaster GR, trial master VP (both in monogram), PCGS AU 55, finest known in PCGS census. Olivares-Type 5/114; MIR-174/7; Pannuti Riccio-19a; Tauler-684; Vti-360. 14.91 grams. Very evenly struck on a broad flan with sharply detailed portrait showing clear GR behind (mintmaster Germano Ravaschieri) and inward-facing date plus VP (trial master Vincenzo Porzio) below, very well-detailed crowned arms on reverse, bold full legends on both sides, lightly toned over luster, choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), 1 ducato (100 grana), Charles II, 1689, mintmaster AG/A, engraver script M, NGC AU 53. MIR-293/1; Pannuti Riccio-2a; Dav-4046; KM-115. Light toning over strong luster for the grade, sharply detailed, with traces of adjustment marks on portrait and faint die bulge on field inside of REX, nice example of a very scarce late Spanish Habsburg issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), ½ ducato (50 grana), Charles II, 1689, mintmaster AG/A, engraver script M, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. MIR-296; KM-114. Deeply toned with traces of underlying luster, exceptionally sharp details all over, quite handsome and unusually well preserved, notably lacking in any adjustment marks or other issues. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), 1 tari, Charles II, 1684, mintmaster AG/A, NGC MS 64. MIR-298/2; Pannuti Riccio-11; Vti-168; Tauler-3174; Magliocca-16; KM-104. Lightly rainbow toned over nice luster, distinctive globe design with incuse date and well-hidden adjustment marks, rare grade (near the top of the census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Naples (under Spain), 1 tari (20 grana), Charles II, 1689, mintmaster AG/A, NGC MS 63. MIR-299/2; Pannuti Riccio-17; KM-113. Very light rainbow toning over frosty lustrous surfaces, sharply struck with particularly nice portrait, well centered and lacking any adjustment marks or other issues that normally plague this type, in near-top grade (sole second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Kingdom of Naples & Sicily, 120 grana, Ferdinand IV, 1805 LD, PCGS MS64, "top pop." MIR-423; KM-246. Nearly prooflike luster with very light rainbow toning, a large Neapolitan crown in exceptional preservation with all details sharp and well centered, particularly attractive for a type that is normally encountered circulated, currently tied with four others for finest known in the PCGS census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

JAPAN, Edo mint, gold 1 ryo (Bunsei Koban-kin), Tokugawa Shogunate, Bunsei era, 1819 to 1828. JNDA 09-20; KM-C22a; Fr-14. 13.18 grams. 60 x 33 mm. Large, thin, oval, hammered-gold issue, choice XF with strong central stamps and pleasing original gold color. Obverse: Fan-shaped go san kiri crests at top and bottom, in upper square "Ichi Ryō" (One Ryō), in lower square the name of the engraver 光 / 次 "Mitsutsugu," all over the characteristic horizontal gozames; Reverse: era marker cursive 文, "Bun" at upper right, central Kinza verification seal and additional mint officials’ punches. XRF tested at approximately 59.55% gold and 40.23% silver. Accompanied by Japan Numismatic Dealers Association Certificate of Authenticity No. 81442.

JAPAN, lot of three gold 2 bu (ni bu kin) "samurai coins," Tokugawa Shogunate, Ansei era (1854-60). JNDA 09-27; KM-C21b; Fr-20. 16.72 grams total. each 22 x 13 mm. Three lightly toned XF examples with kiri crests and denomination on obverse, Mitsutsugu signature on reverse, the much scarcer predecessor to the lightweight Man’en 2 bu and considerably more substantial than the later lightweight issues that continued into the early Meiji era. Attractive group from the important period of Japan’s opening to foreign trade and monetary reform.

JAPAN, lot of three gold 2 bu "samurai coins," Meiji era (Mutsuhito, 1860s). JNDA 09-29; KM-C21d. 9.05 grams total. each approx. 20x12 mm. Lightly toned AXF, rectangular “samurai coins” struck in electrum (gold-silver mix), with kiri crests and denomination on obverse and Mitsutsugu signature on reverse, popular final issue of Japan’s traditional rectangular gold coinage, produced during the transition from the Tokugawa monetary system to the modern Meiji currency.

JAPAN, lot of three gold 2 shu "samurai coins," Tokugawa Shogunate, Tempo era (1830-44). JNDA 09-43; KM-C18. 4.92 grams total. each 7.5 x 3 mm. VF-XF with traces of toning, small rectangular coins in electrum (gold-silver mix) with kiri crests and denomination on obverse and Goto signature on reverse, the smallest and lightest of the three rectangular “samurai coin” types offered here, each averaging about 1.64 g, one with a tiny round chopmark in corner and incuse chop on other side.

JAPAN, Osaka mint, 1 yen, Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito, 1852-1912), Year 3 (1870), Type 1 with border, PCGS MS64. JNDA 01-9; KM-Y5.1. Resplendent with cartwheel luster, faint incipient toning, near-Gem with minimal marks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MARTINIQUE (British), 3 escalins (moco), George III, no date (1797), crenated quarter cut of a Spanish colonial bust 8 reales of Charles III. Prid-1; KM-26. 6.61 grams. Toned VF representing the lower-left quadrant of a bust 8 reales, showing the left half of the date and CAROL- of king's name, scarce and popular Caribbean issue. With old collector tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1777/6 FM, NGC AU 53. Cal-2005; KM-156.2; Fr-33. Well-centered strike with full rims, the arms on reverse typically sharper than the bust, clear 7/6 overdate, muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1784/3 FF, initials facing inward, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, "top pop." Cal-2015; KM-unl (156.2 for type); Fr-33. 26.95 grams. Rather lustrous with very sharp details but light surface hairlines, clear overdate and assayer FF (not the relatively common FM or FM/F), currently tied with three others for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 4 escudos, Philip V, 1732 F, extremely rare, NGC MS 60 (Shipwreck Blue Label), finest known in NGC census, ex-1733 Fleet. Cal-2033; KM-135; Fr-9. We begin this unprecedented offering of the three gold minors of Mexico’s first machine production in 1732 with the finest-known 4 escudos of assayer F, the only one known in certified Mint State and a stunner with sharp full details emanating from lustrous fields, well centered with nearly complete rims (albeit slightly crude), a few stray marks that are not from circulation so much as from the ocean, where it lay in the remains of the Spanish 1733 Fleet for two and a half centuries, a virtual time capsule with remarkably little evidence of immersion. The first citation of a Mexican 4 escudos 1732 F coming from the 1733 Fleet is the story of how Jack Haskins found one on the site of Nuestra Señora de las Angustias in 1972, related in his article published in the Almanzar auction of December 14, 1979. Jack’s coin, while still encrusted, was illustrated in Bob “Frogfoot” Weller’s book Famous Shipwrecks of the Florida Keys in 1990 and also mentioned in Ernie “Seascribe” Richards’ 2014 booklet Shipwrecks and Their Coins: Volume 6—The 1733 Spanish Treasure Fleet, described as having been “sold at auction for $17,500” (Superior, June 1976, mentioned below as the Calicó Plate Coin). On the next page in that same booklet is a photo of the present coin, one of two found on the San Ignacio site by Geoff Zitver (sometime prior to 1993, the type of the second coin unknown). The present piece remains the finest of only three examples listed in the NGC census for the type bearing assayer initial F and denomination 4 flanking the crowned arms on reverse, the others being the Rudman specimen graded AU 58 (KM plate coin), and the Eliasberg specimen graded VF Details. (There is also an even rarer pre-series prototype without F and 4 that we do not include here, of which only two are known—the Tolrà specimen plated in Calicó and one in the Banco de Mexico Collection.) By carefully excluding repeat sales of the same coins, we have been able to track just six specimens of the 4 escudos 1732 F in public auction appearances, here in descending order of quality: 1. The present example, found by Geoff Zitver and first offered publicly by Ponterio, October 1993, lot 149, as UNC; subsequently graded NGC MS 60 and sold in Sedwick Auction 22 (November 2017), lot 144 2. The Jack Haskins specimen, plated in Calicó’s 2008 edition of Numismática española, sold as UNC in the Superior auction of June 1976, lot 2498, but visually inferior to the above 3. The Rudman specimen, plated in the KM Standard Catalog references, originally sold in Ponterio, June 1985 (Porraz Collection), lot 1; subsequently Heritage, August 2015, lot 31040, as NGC AU 58 4. A VF+ example sold by Ponterio, August 2011, lot 21279 5. The Banco de Mexico Collection specimen (coin #18855), AVF 6. The Eliasberg specimen, formerly mounted, sold in the American Numismatic Rarities auction of April 2005, lot 3084; subsequently Stack’s Bowers, October 2014 (David Gray Collection), as NGC VF Details Of these six coins, only the first two can be proven as being salvaged from the 1733 Fleet. While we cannot be sure that this census is complete, the rarity of the 1732 F 4 escudos is undeniably considerable, particularly in such choice grade and with an exciting shipwreck provenance, appealing to collectors of Mexican gold, Spanish colonial coinage, and shipwreck history alike. Together with the corresponding 2 escudos and 1 escudo of 1732 offered in the next two lots, this coin represents a unique opportunity to assemble a top-quality denomination set of the first machine-struck gold coins of the Americas. From the 1733 Fleet, pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of October 1993 (lot 149, plated on both covers of the catalog). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Philip V, 1732 F, extremely rare, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census, Calicó Plate. Cal-1894; KM-124; Fr-10. Highly lustrous and beautifully struck on a planchet broad enough to receive complete rim details, with just a trifle wear or weakness in the locks of the wig and a few faint marks in the fields, one of only four confirmed examples of the highly desirable first date of machine-struck 2 escudos of the Americas (notably missing in the Banco de Mexico collection), especially significant as the finest known (by two grades) of just three in the NGC census, additionally interesting as illustrated in Calicó (2008). Plated as a rubbing on page 458 of Calicó's 2008 edition of Numismática española. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Philip V, 1732 F, extremely rare, NGC MS 61, "top pop," ex-1733 Fleet, ex-Rudman. Cal-1744; KM-113; Fr-11. Rather choice strike, well centered on a broad flan, its fields resplendent with luster despite annular friction marks on obverse that appear to be the only reason this coin is not graded higher, also with die crack before ET that could be from the strength of strike, nonetheless decidedly the finest known of about six extant, the others being: one permanently impounded in the Banco de Mexico collection and one sold by Ponterio in March 1992, both F-VF; one holed and one damaged, sold in Sedwick Auctions 23 and 36, respectively; and another MS 61 in the NGC census that is visually less appealing. The extreme rarity of this jewel is further enhanced by its shipwreck origin, here presented with the above two lots as an opportunity to assemble a denomination set of the first machine-made gold coins from the Americas. Pedigreed to the Rudman Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Philip V, 1743 MF, extremely rare, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Rudman. Cal-1909; KM-124; Fr-10. Brilliant luster, bright yellow color, bold and well-centered strike with full rims, slight weakness on wig and minor hairlines in obverse fields, to date the only graded example at either PCGS or NGC, the only other example we can find in the auction record being an ex-jewelry VF+, significantly missing in all the big collections of our time like Norweb, Eliasberg, and Caballero de las Yndias, on par with the previous three lots in terms of rarity but of course not the iconic first date of issue. Note, by the way, that the present coin was previously certified as 1743/2 by NGC, but PCGS did not see any evidence of that unlisted overdate, and neither do we. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Collection (Heritage Auction of August 2015, lot 31034, as 1743/2). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1778 FF, very rare, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eliasberg, ex-Flanagan. Calico-1396; KM-118.2; Fr-36. Well-defined strike with full rims outside of lovely red toning over luster, minor marks (old) and trace of high-point wear, desirably pedigreed. This coin is the only example in the PCGS census, and it was formerly certified at the same grade by NGC, in whose census it still appears as the sole example there as well; we can find no other examples (certified or not) in recent auction records. Pedigreed to the Eliasberg Collection (American Numismatic Rarities auction of April 2005, lot 3160) and to the Col. James W. Flanagan Collection (Stack's auction of March 1944, lot 272). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1757 MM. Yonaka-M8.57; Cal-493; KM-104.2. Well-centered AU- with full rims, nice but uneven rainbow toning over muted luster, lightly cleaned area below QUE.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1761 MM, cross between H and I, NGC AU 55. Yonaka-M8.61e; Cal-1075; KM-105. Choice rainbow toning over luster, full rims, minor marks and light high-point wear, variety without lower arc in crown above globes. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1762 MM, cross between H and I, with lower arc, NGC XF 45. Yonaka-M8.62c; Cal-1080; KM-105. Deep rainbow toning over rather muted luster, well-centered strike with full rims, very rare variety with lower arc below central crown between pillars (rated R3 in Yonaka). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1763 MF, rounded 6 over old-style 6 in date, NGC MS 62, "top pop." Yonaka-M8.63b1; Cal-1086; KM-105. Exceptionally lustrous with crisp details, clean surfaces, and fabulous eye appeal, especially with red-gold toning inside the rims, choice top grade (currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census, none at PCGS), the date modification bold but not noted on the label (rated "uncommon" in Yonaka). Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers auction of August 2016 (lot 21156). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1769 MF, NGC AU 58. Yonaka-M8.69; Cal-1095; KM-105. Lustrous with low-contrast rainbow toning on pillars side, well-centered strike with full rims (partially crude, as made). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1751/41 M, PCGS XF details / scratch. Yonaka-M2.51a; Cal-290; KM-86.1. Rich rainbow toning all over (low in contrast), with bold full rims, toned-over mark on field between shield and ET. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 1 real, Philip V, 1743 M, NGC XF details / cleaned. Yonaka-M1.43; Cal-519; KM-75.2. Bold strike with lustrous but hairlined fields, toning around details, one of three certified by NGC as the overdate 1743/2 mentioned in Gilboy (M-1-15a), but we can see no evidence of 3/2, and Yonaka notes that he could not verify the overdate "despite numerous candidates having been put forth." Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1783 FF, PCGS XF40. Yonaka-M8.83; KM-106.2; Cal-1124. Very deeply toned, full rims, weakly struck bottom of crown above arms, somewhat scarce as non-salvage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1792 FM, NGC AU details / cleaned. Yonaka-M8.92; Cal-954; KM-109. Lightly toned over luster and very faint hairlines, nice strike with full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Fonrobert-6478; Herrera-32; Medina-318; Grove-F13. 26.85 grams. 38 mm. Obverse with crowned arms inside legend FERNANDO VII . REY . DE . ESPANA . Y . DE . LAS . YNDIAS .; reverse with PROCLAMA / DO EN MEXICO / A 13 . DE AGOSTo . / DEL ANO DE / *1808*; square-and-circle edge. Vivid rainbow toning over luster and light hairlines, still nice grade and well struck. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("armored" bust), 1809 TH, NGC AU 53. Yonaka-M8.109; Cal-1308; KM-110. 27.09 grams. Very deep and rich rainbow toning all over, rather muted luster, well-centered strike with full rims, interesting struck-through-fiber errors behind head and die crack in date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 JJ, NGC AU details / harshly cleaned. Yonaka-M8.1141; Cal-1326; KM-111. 26.98 grams. Vivid rainbow toning over hairlined surfaces, crude rims (as made), a few small marks, some extra metal (die-crack?) around the 4 of the date but decidedly not the 4/3 overdate. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Chilpanzingo and Morelos, 8 reales, Supreme Junta and Morelos Type A countermarks (1811-14) on a cast silver Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("armored" bust), 1810 HJ. KM-285.2. 18.26 grams. Bold full countermarks (XF, overlapping) on a typically granular host (cast F) with full details, part of edge slightly out-of-round (as made), nicer than usually seen for this type.

MEXICO, Tlalpujahua (National Congress), 1 real, Ferdinand VII, 1812 (inward-facing date), PCGS VF35, "top pop." Cal-692; KM-211. Exceptional strike for this type with all the design clear except for a small part of the legend on both sides, the reverse slightly off-center but the obverse nicely centered with bold date and VICE FERD VII in legend, all details lined with darkly contrasting toning, currently tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census. The National Congress (Zitácuaro Junta), was established in 1811 by Ignacio López Rayón and José María Liceaga, seeking to unite the insurgent movement under a central government in the name of Ferdinand VII. Though short-lived, it issued decrees, promoted early constitutional ideas, and helped pave the way for the ultimately successful Congress of Chilpanzingo. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 8 reales, Iturbide, 1822 JM, early eagle, NGC VF details / rev scratched. KM-304. Handsome example of this early eagle design with sharp reverse details, trifle weakness near rims in places (typical for this date), and an old thin scratch in the reverse field, the surfaces gray toned with traces of golden luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 8 reales, Iturbide, 1822 JM, long smooth truncation, 8RJM below, NGC XF 40. KM-309. Nice, clear bust and eagle with honest wear, typically slightly weak in small parts of legends, with deeply blue-toned centers surrounded by golden luster around the edges. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 peso, Maximilian, 1866, PCGS AU55 (Imperio Mexicano Label). KM-388.1. Bold strike with steely toning over muted golden luster, popular brief type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Durango, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1824 RL, hookneck eagle, folded snake, large LIBERTAD, NGC VF details / obv scratched, cleaned. KM-376.6; DP-Do01. Popular first date of issue for this type from the Durango mint and featuring a folded snake held in the eagle's beak. Bright silvery surfaces from light cleaning, eagle's breast flat but Libertad fully visible below a series of adjustment marks (several old scratches on that side as well), incomplete rims due to inexact centering. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1825 FS. KM-377.6; DP-Ga01. 26.88 grams. AXF with very light toning over cleaned surfaces, some scratches, slightly off-center date side, scarce first date of type for this mint.

MEXICO, Guanajuato, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1826 JJ, straight J's. KM-377.8; DP-Go04. 26.71 grams. AVF with light toning (a few darker patches), crude rims and old gouge on edge, old scratches in centers, die style of 1826-28 (straight J's in assayer), very scarce second date of issue for this mint.

MEXICO, Estado de Mexico (Tlalpam), cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1828 LF, very rare, NGC XF details / cleaned. KM-377.5; DP-EoMo01. Very rare first-year emission from this mint, which struck coins for just three years. Fairly bold strike with full LIBERTAD visible on cap and nice eagle detail despite general central weakness, light rainbow toning over old hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1828 FS. KM-377.6; DP-Ga04. 26.72 grams. Sharp full details contrasting with darkly toned fields, AXF with some old scratches.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1833 ML. KM-377.10; DP-Mo13. 26.91 grams. Deeply rainbow-toned AXF with weak centers, old scratches on cap.

MEXICO, Zacatecas, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1835 OM, PCGS MS62. KM-377.13; DP-Zs15. Superb luster overlain with faint but rather vivid rainbow toning, exceptionally sharp details all over (particularly for this date and mint), choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Chihuahua, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1837 AM, very rare, NGC F 12. KM-377.2; DP-Ca08. A very rare date that is typically crudely struck on a small flan with weak rims, this coin being no exception, but at least it is nicely toned and shows only honest, even wear, in fact somewhat scarce in straight grade (one of just eight in the NGC census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1843 JG, coin alignment. KM-377.6; DP-Ga23. 26.96 grams. Nice contrast with deeply toned fields and lighter details, well-struck AU-, parts of rims slightly crude.

MEXICO, Guadalupe y Calvo, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1845 MP, rounded cap, square tail eagle, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-377.7; DP-GC02. First die style for this scarce early date with small rounded cap and a square-tailed eagle. Well-struck piece with sharp details, steel gray toning over luster and the faintest of old hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Culiacán, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1847 CE, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-377.3; DP-Cn02. As Dunigan-Parker notes, this second year of issue is "rare and by far the most difficult date to obtain from this mint. It is one of those coins that has not been properly recognized and turns up missing in even the most advanced collections." Lustrous example with some hairlines but fairly well-detailed eagle and cap showing full LIBERTAD, typical minor weakness in legends. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalupe y Calvo, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1850 MP, NGC XF details / tooled, cleaned. KM-377.7; DP-GC07. Very scarce date for this mint, with typically weak centers but otherwise well detailed and rather lustrous, light golden toning over hairlines, some heavier annular marks on eagle side. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Durango, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1850 JMR, large eagle. KM-377.4; DP-Do29. 26.56 grams. Very deep, rich toning all over, AU- with slightly weak rims, largely lusterless but problem free, die variety of 1850-55.

MEXICO, Chihuahua mint, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1858 BA, very rare, NGC VF 20. KM-377.2; DP-Ca31. Antique-brass toning with strong contrast over bold design elements, including the mysterious assayer BA (Bruno Arriada), working for a brief time in this year only, a key rarity in the cap-and-rays series that Dunigan-Parker refers to as a "contender for the rarest coin of this mint... only a few specimens known," one of only seven straight-graded by NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1860 JG, no dot, rare. KM-377.6; DP-Ga42. 26.86 grams. Rare date for this mint, XF+ with lightly struck centers, low-contrast toning (darker in part of peripheries), light old hairlines plus some heavier scratches around the fineness in the legend.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1860 FH, PCGS MS64+ Prooflike, finest known in PCGS census. KM-377.10; DP-Mo47. Bright mirror fields with sharp, frosty details, traces of reddish toning on rims, very flashy and choice, highly desirable grade with only four finer in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Oaxaca, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1860 AE, second eagle, very rare. KM-377.11; DP-Oa04. Rare final date of mintmark with A inside O and also a very rare die-variety for this date characterized by a new eagle identifiable by its shorter neck and head placement. AU with typically weak centers, light rainbow toning over golden luster (some faint hairlines), uneven rims as made.

MEXICO, Guadalajara, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1867 JM, NGC UNC details / obv graffiti, Dunigan-Parker Plate. KM-377.6; DP-Ga47. Lustrous and satin-smooth fields with typically weak strike on cap and eagle's breast, the former with graffiti scratches, light golden hues on rims, difficult date, desirable as plated in the main specialized reference for cap-and-rays 8 reales. Plate Coin on page 182 of Resplandores, by Dunigan and Parker (1997). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, San Luis Potosí, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1867 CA, very rare. KM-377.12; DP-Pi54. 26.96 grams. Lightly toned, well-detailed VF with lots of tiny marks and a few actual chopmarks from circulation in Asia, which is reflected in Dunigan-Parker's statement that "Most of this issue went to the Orient."

MEXICO, Chihuahua, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1874 MM, NGC AU details / obv spot removed. KM-377.2; DP-Ca50. Well-detailed strike with bright cartwheel luster, hairlined from cleaning (no evidence of spot removal that we can see), the 4 in the date re-punched but decidedly not 4/1 (which is known). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Hermosillo, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1883/2 JA. KM-377.9; DP-Ho28. 26.87 grams. Lustrous AU with very faint toning, a few marks and hairlines, weakly struck date and obverse legend, the overdate not visible but, as DP says, "All known examples are overdates."

MEXICO, Chihuahua, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1884 MM, PCGS MS64. KM-377.2; DP-Ca67. Blazingly bright with cartwheel luster, sharp details but with several prominent die cracks, incipient toning on parts of rims, near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guanajuato, cap-and-rays peso, 1899 RS, NGC MS 66, "top pop." KM-409.1. Very attractive Gem-grade example with cartwheel luster ringed with rainbow toning in peripheries (not patchy or uneven), a few small marks on the rim and in the interiors but otherwise as nice as they come, tied with just one other for finest in the NGC census at the top of a current population of 97 entries. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, "balance scale" peso, 1870 C, rare, NGC VF 20. KM-408.3. Desirable first date of the Guadalajara type within the short-lived "balance scale" series, with contrasting gray toning around evenly worn details, small rim bump on reverse, one of just five straight-graded examples listed in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, "caballito" peso, 1910, PCGS MS62. KM-453. White with luster, some colorful toning on rims only, typical bagmarks for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MOZAMBIQUE (under Portugal), 8 reales, José I, MR monogram countermark (1765-67) on a Lima, Peru, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1764 JM, NGC XF 40, "top pop," ex-Almenara. Gomes-unl (28 for type); KM-27.2; De Mey-926. Very deeply punched complete countermark on pillars side of well-struck host, with attractive gray-gold toning over muted luster, currently tied with two others for finest known in the NGC census for Peruvian hosts. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, taler (Burgundian dollar), Philip II, 1567, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Dav-8640; Delm-90; Vanhoudt-290.AN; Witte-736. First year of this short-lived type, with rich and deep toning, bold central details including date, parts of legends a bit weaker, overall atypically choice for this attractive hammered crown. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, portrait ducatoon, Philip IV, 1638, NGC AU 58, "top pop." KM-72.1; Delm-284; Dav-4454; Vanhoudt-642.AN. Broad flan with 100% complete legends and choice interior details, much original luster (some surface hairlines), traces of incipient toning, overall remarkable quality for this large type, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census, this date rated R1 in Vanhoudt. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, portrait ducatoon, Philip IV, 1639. KM-72.1; Delm-284; Dav-4454; Vanhoudt-642.AN. 32.33 grams. Broad-flan AU- with complete legends, well-detailed interiors, traces of light toning over luster. Pedigreed to Sedwick Price List of Autumn 2002 (lot 510), with original tags.

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, 48 patards, "Golden Fleece" countermark (1652-72) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1671 E. Delm-324. 26.59 grams. Very choice full countermark, deeply impressed at the top of the host coin's full pillars-and-waves, complete cross-castles-lions on other side, broad-flan XF with nice old toning, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, minor doubling, edge crack, overall one of the best we have seen of this fascinating countermarked issue necessitated by the Potosí mint scandal of 1649-52.

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, patagon, Philip IV, 1646, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census. KM-53.1; Dav-4462; Delm-293; Vanhoudt-645.AN. Broad, well-centered flan with full legends and interior details, the date particularly bold, all coated in a deep old cabinet toning with rich gold, blue, and green highlights, traces of muted luster, a rather choice and colorful example. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Brussels mint, patagon, Charles II, 1695, NGC MS 63, finest and only example in NGC census. Dav-4498; Delm-350; Vanhoudt-715.BS. Scarce late-issue Spanish Netherlands crown (rated R1 in Vanhoudt) with lovely original surfaces displaying dove gray patina over luster, all details sharp (if a bit granular in the crowns), the date side struck slightly off center, crude rims on both sides (as made), but all in an incomparably high state of preservation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Holland, gold ducat, 1776, NGC AU 58. KM-12.3; Fr-250; Vanhoudt-Saunders-1232. Brightly lustrous, light yellow color, desirable date for U.S. collectors. Note: There is a small chip in one corner of the slab. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NICARAGUA, copper proof pattern 2 centavos, 1887-E, NGC PF 65 RB, "top pop." KM-Pn3. Blazing luster and nearly full original color with just the sharp design elements showing traces of brown, making for an attractive contrast, a choice Gem proof with a few tiny natural die chips and minor handling marks, currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census at the top of a total population of fourteen in Red-Brown. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PANAMA, Panama City, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer oB to right, mintmark AP above denomination II to left, NGC VF details / environmental damage. Proctor-2R.1B; S-AP4; Cal-362; KM-3.3. Broad flan with full interior elements including well-detailed shield and cross-castles-lions, the latter off center, the mintmark-denomination AP-II and assayer oB flanking the shield a little indistinct but 100% certain as a die match with Proctor 2R.1B, deeply toned all over, with some surface corrosion, one of very few certified Panama cobs. Please use this link to verify the certification number

(PANAMA) VENEZUELA, bronze 4 reales token, no date, Rivero S. Hermanos, rare, PCGS UNC details / scratch, finest and only example in PCGS census. PT-310.4. Obverse with RIVERO • S • HERMANOS legend around a small central rosette; reverse with large numeral 4 in center; plain edge. Choice original luster with splashes of color (like the sunset on a cloudy day), likely a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation, the PCGS-designated "scratch" consisting of two parallel lines diagonally across the 4 possibly just a manufacturing flaw. While this series was cataloged under Panama by Plowman, Venezuelan experts have recently connected these pieces to the Rivero farm in Miranda instead. Please use this link to verify the certification number

(PANAMA) VENEZUELA, bronze 2 reales token, no date, Rivero S. Hermanos, rare, PCGS MS64 Red-Brown, finest and only example in PCGS census. PT-310.2. Obverse with RIVERO • S • HERMANOS legend around a small central rosette; reverse with large numeral 2 in center; plain edge. Choice original luster with light splashes of color, likely a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. While this series was cataloged under Panama by Plowman, Venezuelan experts have recently connected these pieces to the Rivero farm in Miranda instead. Please use this link to verify the certification number

(PANAMA) VENEZUELA, bronze 1 real token, no date, Rivero S. Hermanos, rare, PCGS MS64 Red-Brown, finest and only example in PCGS census. PT-310.1. Obverse with RIVERO • S • HERMANOS legend around a small central rosette; reverse with large numeral 1 in center; plain edge. Choice original luster only the faintest of rainbow toning, likely a specimen strike or sample due to its exceptional state of preservation. While this series was cataloged under Panama by Plowman, Venezuelan experts have recently connected these pieces to the Rivero farm in Miranda instead. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold ½ zecchino, Sede Vacante, 1740, NGC XF 45. B-2715; KM-931; Fr-228. Bold date, slightly crude strike (especially the rims) but at least problem free and decent grade for this one-year type (none in MS at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold zecchino, Benedict XIV, 1743, NGC AU 58. KM-943; Fr-231. Rich gold color with luster, nearly full rims, bold date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold zecchino, Benedict XIV, 1752, NGC AU 55. KM-943; Fr-231. Nice luster and rich gold color, choice full rims, slightly granular obverse (as made), the reverse slightly off center. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold ½ scudo romano, Benedict XIV, no date (1751), NGC AU 55. KM-939; Fr-233. Choice details with nice light toning, full rims despite slightly off-center reverse, the portrait of Saint Peter particularly sharp, struck without date (attributed to 1751 by KM, but NGC calls it 1740-42). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold zecchino, Pius VI, 1775, NGC AU details / bent. KM-1029; Fr-2433. Rich gold color with luster, well-detailed strike with full rims, very slight central wave in flan. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold 15 paoli (½ doppia), Pius VI, 1784, NGC XF 40. KM-1031; Fr-247. Toning around details, full rims, lightly struck interiors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome mint, gold doppia, Pius VII, Year V (1804), NGC AU 53. KM-1070; Fr-248. Nicely toned with rich gold color, full flan with complete rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1756 JM, rare, PCGS MS61, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-771; KM-59.1; Fr-20. This beautiful coin is almost perfect in every way: fully detailed strike without any adjustment marks or weakness, including unblemished full rims, rich gold color with ample original luster, just with too many light hairlines in the fields to garner a higher MS grade, nevertheless the top grade at either PCGS or NGC and in our opinion the finest known in terms of strike and overall quality for this date within the rare second "wigged bust" type from Lima. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1787 MI, NGC XF 45. Cal-1951; KM-82.1a; Fr-32. Rich gold color with areas of light rainbow toning over luster, incomplete rims but overall well detailed for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1757 JM, NGC AU 58, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-L8.57; Cal-464; KM-464. Brightly lustrous with small spots of red toning on arms side, well-detailed strike with full rims, minimal small marks and light high-point wear. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1761 JM, both mintmarks dotted. Yonaka-L8.61a; Cal-1020; KM-A64.1. 26.74 grams. XF with light toning over old hairlines and luster, well-detailed strike.

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1768 JM, dot over left mintmark only, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. Yonaka-L8.68; Cal-1028; KM-A64.2. Choice strike with deep rainbow toning around the sharp details, faint hairlines in fields from old cleaning (could be AU 58 on a better day), a lovely example overall. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1772 JM, dot over left mintmark only, rare. Yonaka-L8.72; Cal-1028; KM-A64.2. 26.69 grams. AU- with luster overlain with light rainbow toning (dark near rim on arms side), interesting die clash on pillars side showing a ghost of the quatrefoil below the assayer, slightly off-center strike, rare and desirable final date of pillar dollars (only struck at the Lima mint).

PERU, Lima, pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759 JM, ligature on assayer, no dot above mintmark, rare, PCGS AU details / cleaned. Yonaka-L2.59b; Cal-277; KM-53. Choice strike with sharp details and full rims, steel-gray toning over muted luster, faint hairlines on field (could easily pass for AU58), rare date, this variety rated R2 in Yonaka (not noted by PCGS). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 1 real, Ferdinand VI, 1757 JM, PCGS XF details / cleaned. Yonaka-L1.57; Cal-160; KM-52. Bold strike with nearly full rims, uneven toning on muted luster with clear hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760. Fonrobert-8920/1; Herrera-71; Medina-79. 13.85 grams. Obverse with young ("rat nose") portrait of Charles III within legend CAROLUS III HISPAN ET IND REX LM 1760 (date facing inward) with quatrefoil stops; reverse with Lima arms below crown and within Pillars of Hercules, legend OPTIMO PRINC PUBL FIDELIT JURAM with quatrefoil stops, large rosette at bottom; tulip edge. Attractively toned VF+ with typical hole at top. Note: While struck more or less in the diameter of an 8 reales, the actual weight of this issue varies from piece to piece, depending on the thickness of the flan.

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786 MI, NGC MS 61, ex-Almenara. Cal-1055; KM-78a. Bright with strong luster, patches of rainbow toning near rim on reverse, minor spots and marks, natural rim flaw below date. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1787 MI, NGC AU details / chopmarked, ex-Almenara. Cal-1057; KM-78a. Broad flan but crude rims (as made), lovely light rainbow toning over luster and faint hairlines, with four large and several small chopmarks from circulation in Asia. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791 IJ, NGC UNC details / obv scratched, ex-Almenara, ex-Sellschopp. Cal-905; KM-87. Bold strike with full rims, strong luster, spots of dark green oxidation on reverse and long staple scratch diagonally across the obverse, both limiters nevertheless important for confirming the important Sellschopp pedigree. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label) and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 345). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806 JP, PCGS MS63. Cal-926; KM-97. Nearly prooflike with frosty details and brightly lustrous fields, slightly crude rims (as made) but otherwise well struck and choice, currently tied with one other for second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS 63+. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, Viceroy Abascal, by Soto. Fonrobert-8968; Herrera-28; Medina-313. Obverse with bust of king within legend FERDINANDUS VII • D • G • HISP • ET IND • REX•; reverse with crowned Lima city arms between Pillars of Hercules, ABASCAL / 13 OCTOB / 1808 below, all within legend PUBLICAE • FIDELITATIS • JURAM • LIMAE•; laurel edge. XF with rich cabinet toning, slightly off-center strike. Curiously, the bust on this piece resembles the transitional "admiral bust" on coins from the Santiago mint in Chile.

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("imaginary" bust), 1811 JP, NGC AU 55, ex-Almenara, ex-Sellschopp. Cal-1242; KM-106.2. Light toning over luster, sharp full details, slightly off-center strike, faint hairlines in fields. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label) and to the Sellschopp Collection (lot ?). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII (laureate bust), 1811 JP, NGC AU 55, ex-Almenara. Cal-1243; KM-117.1. Nice luster for the grade, well detailed, the obverse slightly off center, heavy diagonal adjustment mark on bust, desirable first date of type with the standard bust of Ferdinand VII. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813 JP, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. Cal-1246; KM-117.1. Choice bold strike with excellent bust detail, incomplete rims, nice luster, lightly hairlined from cleaning. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1819 JP, NGC MS 61. Cal-1252; KM-117.1. Choice luster but lightly hairlined from old cleaning, now toning around edge, sharp strike. Note: Coin is rotated inside the slab. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Cuzco, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1824 G, no dot between IND REX, rare, NGC VF 35, ex-Almenara. Cal-1180; KM-117.2. Deep gray toning with darker highlights around details (nice contrast), crude rims at bottom due to inexact centering, overall rather nice for the grade and desirable as a one-year type from this late mint. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, struck at the Lima mint, 4R-sized silver proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, Tarma, issued under Urrutia, by Soto. Fonrobert-9259; Medina-391; Herrera-84. 12.98 grams. Obverse with military bust of king below three flowers inside legend FERDINANDUS • VII • D • G • HISP • ET IND • REX •; reverse with lion above and flower below URRUTIA / NOVIEMBRE 18• / DE 1808• inside legend PUBLICAE FIDELITATIS JURAMENTUM TARMAE with three flowers at top. Ramón de Urrutia y Las Casas was Governor-Intendant of Tarma from 1795 to 1809. XF with nice rainbow toning and traces of luster, very slightly bent at top (likely from mount removal).

PERU, Lima, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818 JP, NGC AU details / obv scratched. Cal-1818; KM-115.1. Beautifully rainbow toned over luster, heavy old mark on bust, off-center obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, copper provisional ¼ peso, 1823 V, PCGS MS62 Brown. KM-138. Choice luster with rainbow toning, also choice strike except for central weakness on date side, which shows assayer V (scarcer variety for this one-year type), desirable high-grade example of an important provisional issue during Peru's fight for independence. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU (State of North Peru), Lima, 8 reales, 1837 TM, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. KM-155. Brightly lustrous around matte central elements, light hairlines, slightly off-center Liberty side, tiny spots of orange encrustation, overall an attractive example of this brief Est Nor-Peruano type. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU (Republic of North Peru), Lima, 8 reales, 1839 MB, rare, NGC VF 35, ex-Almenara, ex-Sellschopp, ex-Von Schuckmann. KM-164. Well-pedigreed example with light toning over muted luster and hairlines from old cleaning, a few marks, weakly struck Liberty and top of date side. This important one-year type represents what the Von Schuckmann cataloger called "an historical anomaly," as North Peru only existed as a State and not a Republic like it is rendered in the legend. That cataloger goes on to speculate that the worn Liberty-side die might mean this was "a later symbolic issue." Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 1123), both stated on label, and also to the Von Schuckmann Collection (Renaissance auction of December 2006, lot 938). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU (Republic of South Peru), Cuzco, 8 reales, 1837 BA, CONFEDERACION in small letters, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-Almenara. KM-170.2. Choice, well-detailed strike with good luster, no wear but minimal marks and light hairlines. This type remains one of the most popular early Latin American crowns due to its highly artistic symbolism, consisting of a sunface on the date side plus volcano and Inca temple Coricancha on other side, this being the scarcer variety with CONFEDERACION written out in full. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU (Republic of South Peru), Cuzco, 8 reales, 1837 MS, CONFEDERACION in large letters, NGC AU details / tooled, ex-Almenara. KM-170.4. Typically choice strike in the popular sunface type, with attractive golden toning over somewhat scrubbed surfaces, better variety with full word CONFEDERACION in slightly larger letters (also new assayer). Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU (Republic of South Peru), Cuzco, 8 reales, 1838 BA, NGC MS 62, ex-Almenara. KM-170.4. Strong luster with uneven toning, typically well-detailed strike and popular design, final date for this assayer using the new CONFEDERACION design in slightly larger letters, choice grade (within the top 11% of the entries in the NGC census). Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, 1829 JM, NGC MS 61, ex-Almenara. KM-142.3. Choice strike with rather bold full rims except around a small natural void on edge, brilliant luster (faintly hairlined), a few tiny spots of toning. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, white-metal 8 reales trial, 1834 MM, unique, ex-Almenara. KM-142.3 for type. Interesting off-metal trial strike (not recognized as a genuine issue by NGC), with heavy edge bump due to the softer metal, AU grade with muted luster within legends, XRF tested at about 60% iridium, 30% lead, and 9% tin. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection.

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, 1836 MT, NGC MS 61, ex-Almenara. KM-142.3. Brightly lustrous and well struck with full rims, surface hairlines. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, 1855 MB, NGC AU 58, ex-Almenara. KM-142.10a. Sharp strike, nice luster (a bit more muted on Liberty side), one-year type with smaller lettering than the earlier issues. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, 1824-dated, Bolívar / Ayacucho, by Atanasio Dávalos, NGC VF 30. Fonrobert-9178. 33 mm. Obverse with uniformed bust of Bolívar above engraver's signature A. DAVALOS G. inside legend • A SU LIBERTADOR SIMON BOLIVAR•; reverse with arms of Peru inside legend EL PERU RESTAURADO EN AYACUCHO AÑO DE 1824 •; corded edge. Dark gunmetal-gray toning all over, a popular medal instituted by law in 1825 to commemorate the Battle of Ayacucho (1824), which signified the ultimate end of Spanish rule in Peru. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, crowned-F.7o countermark (Type V, 1832-34) on a Zacatecas, Mexico, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1831 OV, NGC XF details / rev scratched, c/s AU standard. Cal-1305; KM-74. Full but shallow countermark on Liberty cap, making eagle's breast on other side flat (and, unfortunately, thinly scratched), lightly toned all over, scarce host more normally seen with the Isabel II countermark. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned Y.II. countermark (Type IV, 1834-37) on a Santiago, Chile, "volcano" peso, 1834 IJ, NGC AU 50, c/s AU strong. Cal-668; KM-108. Choice example on the popular Chilean volcano host, with an unusually bold and fully detailed crowned Y.II countermark placed prominently above the volcano, all deeply rainbow toned, sharp host details, a particularly desirable combination of a straight-graded AU host and AU strong countermark (not to mention that it is conservatively graded, in our opinion). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned Y.II. countermark (Type VI, 1834-37) on a Santiago, Chile "volcano" peso, 1834 IJ, NGC XF 40, c/s XF strong (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-668; KM-108. Deeply rainbow toned, with full and deep countermark in center of column, muted underlying luster, minor edge crack. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned-Y.II. countermark (Type VI, 1834-37) on a Bogotá, Colombia, 8 reales, 1835 RS. Restrepo-158.5; Cal-668; KM-109. 26.55 grams. Full XF countermark (standard depth) near center of reverse of AXF host with attractively contrasting toning, minor natural edge flaw.

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned-Y.II. countermark (Type VI, 1834-37) on a Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1833 MM, NGC AU details / cleaned, c/s AU strong, ex-Almenara. KM-138.2. Bold full countermark on breast of Liberty on a broad-flan host with complete rims, light but colorful rainbow toning, minor marks but any evidence of cleaning long forgotten (or should have been). Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned-Y.II. countermark (Type VI, 1834-37) on a Lima, Peru, 8 reales, 1833 MM, NGC XF details / chopmarked, c/s AU strong, ex-Almenara. KM-138.2. Bold full countermark on Liberty's hip, the host with partially crude rims (as made), scarce combination with several bold chopmarks (mostly only Liberty side) from circulation in Asia, lightly toned over muted luster. Pedigreed to the Almenara Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, gold 4 pesos, Isabel II, 1868, NGC UNC details / obv cleaned. KM-144; Fr-1. Choice luster and sharp full details, bold rims, hairlines on obverse only, mintage of just 30,000 pieces (AGW 0.1903 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 1 peso, Alfonso XIII, 1897 SG-V, NGC MS 62. Cal-122; KM-154. Bright and frosty cartwheel luster, minor bagmarks, popular one-year type in desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES, struck in Munich, gold proof 100 piso, Ferdinand Marcos, 1975, Third Anniversary of The New Society, PCGS PR69 Deep Cameo, "top pop." KM-213; Fr-6. Virtually perfect, just the slightest hint of high-point contact, currently tied with 23 others for finest in the PCGS census, with just two finer (PF70UC) at NGC, interesting emission that was demonetized at the time of issue (AGW 0.2879). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PORTUGAL, João IV, 100 reis countermark (Type I, 1642) on a Lisbon, Portugal, 80 reis, João III, NGC VF details / cleaned. Gomes-114.01. 6.75 grams. Very bold full countermark in one quadrant of the host's cross, full inner details and lots of legend despite uneven strike, with light toning on fields, any evidence of cleaning rather immaterial at this grade level. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), copper military token, Isabel II, undated (mid-1800s), reeded edge, very rare, ex-Roehrs. Ulex-2445; Fonrobert-7736; Eklund-2055. 14.72 grams. 35 mm. Obverse with outward-facing RL. SERVICIO DE PLAZA. surrounding central ring with crown at top; reverse with 1R CUARTO. DE 8 A 10 IZQUIERDA. * around central ring; both sides with laurel rims; reeded edge. Deep chocolate-brown AU with faint hints of luster, possibly a trial for an issue that would have had a central hole punch. This mysterious piece holds a few clues to its time period and use. First, the crown and "real servicio" legend indicate a royal military connection, while the "primer cuarto" with a range of 8 to 10 points to a security watch, like at a military post (also note that Roehrs' tag says 2 to 4 in error, indicative of a different time slot that he must have seen on another example). Finally, while the monarch is not specified on the token, it cannot be later than early 1870s because it appears in Fonrobert, which was published in 1878. Apart from a mention in a Dana Roberts group lot fifteen years ago, this is only example we have ever encountered. Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his original tag and photo of a drawing of the obverse, the tag erroneously stating "2 a 4 YZQUIERDA" for reverse design.

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), struck at the Madrid Mint, 1 peso, Alfonso XIII, 1895 PG-V, NGC AU 58. Cal-128; KM-24. Choice luster with deep rainbow toning at rims, minor marks and hairlines but overall quite superior for the grade, an ever-popular crown struck for what is now a U.S. territory. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), 40 centavos, Alfonso XIII, 1896 PG-V, NGC VF 25. Cal-127; KM-23. Deeply toned, with oddly square-shaped dark spot on the bridge of Alfonso's nose, rather conservatively graded compared to XF's we've seen. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), 20 centavos, Alfonso XIII, 1895 PGV, NGC MS 62. Cal-126; KM-22. Lustrous and splashed with vivid rainbow toning in peripheries (lots of red and blue color), no marks or wear but some very faint underlying hairlines, desirable grade nonetheless (among the top 10% at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), Añasco, brass "5" token, no date (late 1800s), Buenaventura Íñigo, Comercio, extremely rare, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-unl; Fumero-12. 4.58 grams. 27 mm. Fine or so, with the large central 5 clear, while the opposite side is largely effaced. Even medium brown surfaces with honest circulation and some striking weakness, nevertheless identifiable as this elusive Añasco merchant issue. The word COMERCIO is very faintly visible at the center of the reverse. The issuer is historically documented as Buenaventura Íñigo, an Añasco merchant listed in the 1894 Directorio Comercial é Industrial de la Isla de Puerto Rico under the Añasco section among VENDEDORES DE VÍVERES AL POR MENOR, confirming his activity as a retail groceries and provisions dealer. Rated RRR in Fumero, the "5" token is unlisted in Archilla-Diez, whereas both references list the "10." While this piece is quite coppery in appearance, it has been XRF tested as containing about one third zinc (hence brass). Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his tag 430.

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), Vega Alta, brass uniface "S" token, no date (late 1800s), Hernández, "S en C," reportedly unique, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-unl; Fumero-unl. 9.38 grams. 30 mm. Fine or so, with deep olive-brown patina and moderate surface roughness, yet retaining clear incuse design elements including portions of HERNANDEZ at top and, importantly, VEGA ALTA plainly readable along the lower border. Of particular interest are the unusual central devices: underlined S EN C at top and a larger S between darts at bottom. The meaning of these letters is unknown, but other examples exist with the lower letter as A, C, or L (Archilla-Diez numbers 577-579); this appears to be the first and only known example with S. The accompanying Edward Roehrs tag incorrectly identifies the locality as Vega Baja, an evident attribution or transcription error, as the token itself clearly reads VEGA ALTA. XRF: about 79% copper, 20% zinc, 1% silver. Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his tag 418.

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), Mayagüez, copper-zinc-nickel 4 centavos token, no date (ca. 1890s), Antonio Frontera, Confitería La Bolsa, very rare, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-154 var; Fumero-68. 5.08 grams. 27 mm. Bold VF with strong peripheral legends and attractive light golden-gray surfaces with brassy stain above the 4, weak UN, overall well preserved for the type. Issued for Antonio Frontera's Confitería La Bolsa in Mayagüez (center ring reads "surtido completo de dulces y licores"), a confectionery documented as operating there by 1894. Note: Archilla-Diez lists this only in brass, while Fumero shows both brass and nickel, but XRF testing gives a reading of about 63% copper, 21% zinc, and 14% nickel. Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his tag 421.

PUERTO RICO, Bayamón(?), aluminum ½ real token, no date (late 1800s / early 1900s?), La Colonia Española, rare, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-628; Fumero-506. 1.6 grams. 25 mm. Bold UNC with bright, lustrous aluminum surfaces, sharp dentiled rims, strong details, and a few areas of light toning. One side bears an artistic LA COLONIA brand device, while the other displays 1/2 CAJA. An unusually choice example of this seldom encountered denomination, with excellent eye appeal and definition. Reportedly a canteen token for a Bayamón social club known as La Colonia Española (some references attribute to Guatemala instead). Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection with his tag 419.

PUERTO RICO, Guayanilla(?), brass 10 centavos token, no date (early 1900s), Santoni y Compañía, extremely rare, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-unl; Fumero-unl. 4.58 grams. 22 mm. Medium-brown XF with strong details but obverse struck from a "sweaty" die, that side showing S & CO. in center encircled by CAFETIN • ALMACEN • PANADERIA, the reverse with large crosshatched 10 in center surrounded by GOOD FOR above and IN MERCHANDISE below. An enigmatic and rather rare Puerto Rican merchant issue attributed by Roehrs to Santoni, albeit with no place name visible on the token, and unlisted in either Archilla-Diez or Fumero. We note that a Santoni y Compañía is documented as a Puerto Rican mercantile concern in the early 1920s, owned by Domingo Santoni. Despite its coppery color, XRF shows it contains 13% zinc (hence brass). Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his tag 417.

PUERTO RICO, Playa de Ponce, silvered brass "5" token, no date (early 1900s), Avelino González, Ship Chandler & General Marine Dealer, very rare, ex-Roehrs. Archilla-Diez-063; Fumero-87. 3.69 grams. 22 mm. AVF with remaining silver on fields but design elements coppery, consisting of a large central 5 on both sides, one side with legend AVELINO GONZALEZ and stars, the other side with legend SHIP CHANDLER / PLAYA DE PONCE P.R. and stars. Avelino González was a general marine dealer in Ponce, whose business was established in 1870. Pedigreed to the Edward Roehrs Collection, with his tag 428.

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, al-Mariya (Almería), AV dinar, Tashfin ibn Ali, 538 AH, rare. Vives-1861; Hazard-418. 4.14 grams. Choice UNC in rich gold color with 100% full and crisp details, tiny flan crack evident near bottom of reverse.

SPAIN (Aragón), Barcelona, 1 croat, Martin I (1396-1410), PCGS MS62. Cay-1882. Choice cabinet toning with vivid rainbow colors around details, sharp and fully detailed strike with particularly nice portrait and Gothic legends. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Aragón), Barcelona, 1 croat, Alfonso IV (1416-1458), circle and dots inverted, rare, NGC AU 53, finest known in NGC census, ex-Vidal Quadras (stated on label). Cru.V.S.-820; Badia-501 var; Cru.C.G.-2865. 3.19 grams. Obverse legend ALFONSUSDEIGR'AREX, reverse legend -CIUI-TASB-ARCh'-NONA, variety with circles in the upper-right and lower-left quadrants of the cross (inverted from the usual arrangement). Deeply cabinet toned in dark golden hues with traces of blue, choice strike with all legends and inner details clear, thin mark on face of king (Alfonso IV of Aragón, also known as Alfons V of Barcelona, as noted on the VQR tag), overall exceptional in quality and with an esteemed old pedigree. Pedigreed to the Vidal Quadras Collection (coin 5931, with original old tag) and the Aureo & Calicó auction of March 2014 (lot 58). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, gold dobla de la banda, Juan II (1406-54), mintmark S above cross, PCGS MS62. Cay-1515; Fr-112. 4.55 grams. Gorgeous example in lustrous, bright yellow color, broad flan with sharply detailed full castles and lions inside cross, the shield on obverse also full and well detailed, complete Gothic legends on both sides, well centered and free of any doubling or weak strike, among the finest 15% graded by PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Pedro I (1350-1369), "the Cruel," PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Cay-1289. Sharply detailed example with the loveliest peacock toning all over, a symphony of vivid colors and luster on near-perfect surfaces, the strike just slightly off center but showing all details in Gothic-lettering magnificence, the sole finest of seven in the current PCGS census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Pedro I (1350-1369), "the Cruel," NGC AU 58. Cay-1289. 3.45 grams. Broad flan with complete Gothic legends and central elements, rich old toning, among the best graded at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Pedro I (1350-1369), "the Cruel," N in INIMICOS rectified from an M. Bautista-528 var; Cay-1289. Broad-flan AU with choice old toning, slightly off-center obverse but all Gothic legends and central elements complete and sharp, also a minor variety for the specialist showing a spelling-error correction at the mint.

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Juan I (1379-1390), NGC AU 58, ex-Pittman. Cay-1443. Broad flan with choice full details, deep old toning with rainbow undertones, particularly sharp full Gothic legends, rare this nice and desirably pedigreed. Pedigreed to the John Jay Pittman Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Juan I (1379-1390), NGC AU 58. Cay-1443. 3.41 grams. Choice rainbow toning over luster, broad flan with full details including Gothic legends, faint diagonal ripple through center but in choice certified grade nonetheless. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Enrique III (1390-1406), mintmark S and three stars, NGC AU 58, ex-Vidal Quadras (stated on label). Cay-1489; AB-585.1. 3.30 grams. Obverse with legends DOMINVSMIChIADIVTORETEGO / DISPICIAMINIMICOS, the reverse legend reading ENRICVS DEI GRACIA REX CASTELL, with castles and lions inside cross with stars at top and sides, S at bottom, all details sharp and full with lovely old rainbow toning (lots of blue and red in obverse legend), rare grade and desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Vidal Quadras Collection (coin 5774, with original old tag) and the Aureo & Calicó auction of March 2014, lot 91. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Seville, 1 real, Enrique IV (1454-1474), lobed bust, NGC AU 58. Cay-1595. 3.40 grams. Broad, well-centered flan with very sharp full details including the crowned bust within a series of double-arc lobes, complete legends, lovely old toning and choice grade (only one finer at NGC at MS 61). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Navarre, billon 1 carlín prieto (dinero), Carlos II (1349-1387), "the Bad," NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Vidal Quadras (stated on label). Cru.V.S.-235; R.Ros-9 var; Cay-2195. 1.19 grams. An exceptional example struck slightly off center on a very broad flan with 100% full Gothic legends and interiors (cross / castle), very deeply toned with a couple tiny spots of verdigris, the finest on record and desirably pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Vidal Quadras Collection (coin 5660, with original old tag) and the Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2013, lot 1691. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold 1 excelente, Ferdinand-Isabel, dot between busts, mintmark S below, ermine to right of shield, NGC AU 55. Cal-unl (Type 151); Fr-136. 3.2 grams. Very broad flan with nearly full Latin legends, bold full portraits and shield, traces of toning around details, unlisted variety (like Cal-677 but without ermine at top on obverse). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Toledo, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer M-in-circle below mintmark oT to left, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census, ex-Casandra. Cal-748. 27.42 grams. Broad flan with full legends and crown, very sharp full inner details, richly toned over muted luster, hairline edge crack, an impressively well-centered and well-detailed beauty from a period of massive silver production coming from the New World (ca. 1580), rarely found without intrusive doubling or unevenness, and of course unique in this top grade above seventeen other entries in the current NGC census. Pedigreed to the Casandra Collection . Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Valladolid, cob 8 reales, Philip II, 1590 oF/oA, very rare, PCGS VF35, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-766. 27.05 grams. Very broad and nearly round flan with full but slightly doubled shield and crown, complete cross-and-tressure with well-defined castles and lions, nearly full legends including bold date in small digits with 1 and 5 inverted, all nicely contrasting with deeply toned recesses. An interesting aspect of this issue is that the last two digits of the date are repeated to the left of the shield, above the wavy-lines mintmark, although that part is rather indistinct on the present example (due to the doubling), although the assayer oF/oA above denomination 8 on the right side is bold. Overall this is a choice example of the distinctively rare first dated Valladolid issue. Archival research published by Diego Álvarez Gómez and Ramón Sampietro García has identified assayer oF as Francisco Flores, via the record of his examination and license dated May 9, 1590, the same year as this coin, correcting the previous attribution to Fernando Flores by the Josep Pellicer i Bru. As this issue is only known with oF punched over oA, we must mention that an MS 62 at NGC labeled without the over-assayer is technically finer, but it is the only one. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Granada, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer oF above denomination o-IIII to right, mintmark G to left. Cal-484. 13.64 grams. Choice full shield and crown with bold assayer oF to right and mintmark to left, most of king's name and ordinal in legend, the cross also full and well detailed with complete tressure in a rotated arrangement from the other mints (an aspect of Panama issues as well), lightly toned AU- with encrustation on right side of cross near a small edge crack.

SPAIN, Seville, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic D at 4 o'clock outside tressure on reverse, NGC MS 62. Cal-576. 13.77 grams. Nice luster, full interior details with almost all details sharp, nearly full crown and bottom half of every letter of the legends, traces of toning, choice grade (second highest behind MS 64 in the census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic D at 4 o'clock outside tressure on reverse. Cal-576. 13.63 grams. Beautifully toned XF with choice full interior details, much bold legend, slightly off-center strike, no problems.

SPAIN, Madrid, cob 8 reales, Phillip III, 1621 V, very rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-869; KM-28.5. 27.54 grams. Beautifully old toned, a broad squarish flan with very bold full denomination VIII to right of full shield below well-detailed crown, assayer V (for Juan Velázquez) above king's ordinal III to left, but the best part is the complete four-digit date above the full cross, a very rare occurrence indeed! The only other certified example on record is NGC XF details. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Toledo, cob 4 reales, Philip III, 1610 C. Cal-836; KM-36.3. 13.46 grams. Very broad flan (unevenly thick) with bold date showing complete 161 and right part of 0 (shifted counterclockwise due to doubling) outside of choice full cross-and-tressure, the crown and shield on obverse also full and well detailed with bold oT-C to left inside of the king's ordinal III, all in high grade (AU-) with traces of encrustation in crevices.

SPAIN, Toledo, cob 4 reales, Philip III, 1617 (V). Cal-852; KM-36.3. 13.78 grams. Lightly toned VF with bold full cross-castles-lions, nearly full shield with bold denomination IIII to right and clear mintmark oT to left (flat below that, where the assayer would be).

SPAIN, mint uncertain, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible. 13.41 grams. Exceptionally well-detailed and well-centered full shield and cross-castles-lions, but without any peripheral details due to flatness and the flan's thickness, still a beautiful coin, lightly toned AU- with darker area to left of shield.

SPAIN, Seville, cob 2 reales, Philip III, 1600 B, OMNIVM / REGNORVM variety, rare, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-659; KM-17.6. 6.80 grams. Rather broad flan with rich old toning, well-detailed but slightly off-center full shield with bold S-B inside OMNIVM to left, choice full cross with clear 1600 date above, top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Granada, cob 2 reales, Philip III, 1612 M, rare. Cal-unl (Type 119); KM-unl (17.3 for type). 6.63 grams. AVF with full shield and cross, the latter with rather clear 612 of date above, which is unlisted but can be assumed based on the existence of 1613/2, also full G-M to left and denomination II to right of shield, toned in crevices, a few heavy old marks.

SPAIN, Madrid, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer V (1620s), mintmark MD in monogram reading horizontally, rare, NGC XF 40, finest known in NGC census. Cal-Type 309; KM-74. 27.20 grams. Deeply toned over sharp details in full crown and shield with just the right side of the mintmark and assayer visible to the left, also full cross-castles-lions, thick and uneven flan with peripheral flatness, technically sole finest in the NGC census for examples without visible date (and no dated examples listed for this mint and type). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, milled 8 reales, Philip IV, 1636 R, NGC MS 62. Cal-1610; KM-39.6. Typically sharp full details per the roller-press type, the cross particularly strong due to slight convexity on that side, with light toning over luster, just a few small natural voids in shield, excellent eye appeal and near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, 1638/7 R, very rare, NGC VF 30, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1651; KM-80. 27.13 grams. Thick cob with bold S-R to left of nearly full shield, good full cross with full 38/7 of date above, attractively toned with peripheral flat spots in inconsequential locations. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Burgos, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, 1651 BR, rare, NGC AU 53. Cal-1228; KM-134.1. 27.75 grams. Crudely rectangular flan (more like a Mexican cob) with partially ragged edge (as made), dark toning all over, full cross and shield, significantly with the date, mintmark, and assayer all very clear, hence a great example of an interesting episode in Spanish numismatic history when older mints (like Burgos) were re-opened in order to handle the massive re-coining of recalled silver after the Potosí mint scandal. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, milled 8 reales, Philip IV, 1659/32/1/0 BR/I, rare. Cal-1596; KM-unl (76 for type). 26.19 grams. Very clear date with distinct 5/3 and 9/2/1/0, equally clear BR monogram punched previous assayer I on the obverse below the aqueduct mintmark with five columns facing inward, both sides well toned but off center, well-detailed VF+.

SPAIN, Segovia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, 1659 M, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1580; KM-134.4. 27.23 grams. Thick and sharply seven-sided flan with superb luster and very bold strike, including choice full crown and shield with large (re-punched) 8 to right inside bold king's name PHILIPVS , aqueduct mintmark to left above weak but certain assayer M, beautifully complete cross-and-tressure with full 16 and bottom half of 59 of date showing the 5 punched over a 2 (since this is the first date after a 1620s series), unique in this top grade (next finest being AU 53). Pedigreed to the Casandra Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, 1629 R, NGC MS 60, "top pop." Cal-1188; KM-132.5. 13.35 grams. Thick flan with good but partial cross and shield (the latter off center), small edge cracks, much peripheral flatness but with base of 2 and tail of 9 of date clear, finest graded for the type without visible date (as NGC did not see the date). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, 1641 B, date at 3 o'clock, rare, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1024; KM-unl. 13.58 grams. Thick flan exhibiting a well-centered full shield with good crown above, full B assayer to left below monogram-MD mintmark facing inward, most of king's name in legend, good but off-center cross with full final digit 1 of date to right (this mint and period known for random rotations), lustrous surfaces that beg a higher grade (finest certified in any case). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, milled 8 reales, Charles II, 1687 BR, "Maria" type, rare, NGC VF 35. Cal-774; KM-210.2. Lovely smooth surfaces with rich rainbow toning over faint luster, rare brief type in lower weight reflecting an emergency conversion rate of 10 reales to the previous 8 reales, its nickname stemming from the monogram above the date (which some believe stands for Mariana, Charles II's mother, who acted as regent due to her son's ill health). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1711 M, 8-S-8-M, rare, NGC AU details / rev cleaned, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-2280; KM-260; Fr-247. 26.93 grams. Well-centered strike with full rims, sharp details except for an area of lower-pressure strike at 6-9 o'clock on the shield side and 3-6 on the cross side, rich gold color with strong die-polish lines and slightly granular finish (faint hairlines on just the high points on reverse), rare as a clean date (more often encountered as 1711/0), also as a variety with elements inside tressure dimples in a different order than usual (8-S-8-M versus M-8-S-8), not noted by NGC but probably of interest to the specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold milled 8 escudos, Philip V, 1712 M, 8-S-8-M, rare, NGC XF 45. Cal-2281; KM-260; Fr-247. Bold details, rich gold color, the reverse slightly off center, rare date but also a rare variety with elements inside tressure dimples in a different order than usual (8-S-8-M versus M-8-S-8), not noted by NGC but probably of interest to the specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold milled 4 escudos, Philip V, 1721 J, NGC AU 55. Cal-2087; KM-314.2; Fr-249. 13.46 grams. Off-center strike with rather tall rim on reverse as a result, slightly soft centers, muted luster with toning in crevices, a few light marks, scarce type from sporadic output in this denomination. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, bust 8 reales, Philip V, 1709 J, coin alignment, rare, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1336; Dav-1695; KM-281. Full details despite slightly uneven strike (also with adjustment marks at top of reverse), nice gray toning with subtle rainbow hues, rare one-year type with portrait of king. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, milled 8 reales, Philip V, 1729 JJ, straight 9 in date, rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1349; KM-336.2. Attractively toned and sharply detailed, well centered and even, a very wholesome-looking coin with the additional distinction of being the rarer variety using an old-style 9 with straight tail (the only other certified example being NGC AU details). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, milled 8 reales, Philip V, 1727 F, PCGS AU details / cleaned. Cal-1596; KM-336.1. Lustrous and crisply detailed, with darkly toned reverse but shield side lighter with faint hairlines and a few light marks, still nice grade and attractive. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, milled 8 reales, Philip V, 1728 P, PCGS AU50. Cal-1618; KM-336.3. Beautiful bold details with even rich toning, large flan extending beyond the design, a scarce and very wholesome-looking coin with only light evidence of circulation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, milled 2 reales, Philip V, 1722 J, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Cal-980; KM-307. Broad flan extending past the design, brightly lustrous and sharp all over, odd flaw in lower part of shield (as made), strong die-polish lines but absolutely no evidence of cleaning that we can discern. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1776 CF, PCGS VF35. Cal-2186; KM-409.2; Fr-283. Almost bluish fields with deep golden toning on worn high points, no problems for the grade, very popular date for U.S. collectors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust ½ escudo, Charles III (young bust), 1759 JP, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1241; KM-389.1; Fr-278. Intensely lustrous, bold full details including rims, just as nice as they come, the sole finest certified and of inestimable value to the collector of top grades. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1791 MF, NGC MS 63, "top pop." Cal-1474; KM-436.1; Fr-294. Rich gold color with strong luster, near flawless strike including legends, a few faint hairlines but overall as choice as possible, tied with just one other for finest known at NGC atop a current population of 92 examples. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, bust 4 reales, Charles IV, 1793 MF, NGC AU 50. Cal-779; KM-431.1. Deeply rainbow toned over choice details, light honest wear on high points, lots of eye appeal for the grade, second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 58. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813/2 IG, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1262; KM-477. Choice rainbow toning over golden luster, the blues on the reverse particularly intense, a few light hairlines but practically no wear, clearly one of the best in existence. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818 CJ, NGC AU 58, "top pop." Cal-1125; KM-476.3. Brightly lustrous, the centers slightly weak, a few faint hairlines, overall quite flashy and choice, currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1832 JB, NGC MS 62. Cal-1136; KM-476.3. Choice strike with full rims, good luster and lovely rainbow toning in peripheries, loaded with eye appeal and near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust ½ real, Ferdinand VII, 1832 JB, NGC MS 65. Cal-466; KM-482.3. Cute little Gem with bold full details (no rims), choice rainbow toning over luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Barcelona, 5 pesetas, Joseph Napoleon, 1811, twenty-five tulips in wreath, NGC MS 64. Cal-48; KM-69. Choice luster overlain with vivid rainbow toning, bold full rims, the centers a bit weak and with adjustment marks on reverse but overall very pretty and second finest known in the NGC census behind a single MS 66. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, 20 reales de vellon, Joseph Napoleon, 1813 RN, PCGS AU50. Cal-44; KM-551.2. Choice rainbow toning with rather vivid blues and purples on reverse, a few light marks and high-point wear but with lots of eye appeal overall and rather scarce as from a reported mintage of just 68,000 coins (the lowest mintage of the type). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, 5 pesetas, Alfonso XIII, 1899 SG-V, 18-99 inside stars, NGC UNC details / cleaned. Cal-110; KM-707. Light incipient toning over cartwheel luster, faint hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, 1 peseta, Alfonso XIII, 1893 PG-L, 18-93 inside stars, PCGS AU50. Cal-54; KM-702. Nice rainbow toning over muted luster, faint hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, set of two 2025-dated proof 10 euros, American Revolution - Eagle / Charles III & Washington, Flowing Hair / Spanish Milled dollar, NGC PF 69, PF 70 Ultra Cameo. KM-1596-7. Struck by the Royal Spanish Mint, a pair of perfect gleaming proofs commemorating Spain's bond with the United States formed during the American Revolutionary War. On one, the obverse shows a large colorized scene of a flying bald eagle above the U.S. and Spanish flags while the reverse features busts of George Washington and King Charles III of Spain; on the other, the obverse shows both sides of a Flowing Hair dollar 1794 below FIRST AMERICAN DOLLAR while the reverse shows the central design of the Spanish colonial pillar dollar. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, set of three 2025-dated proof 10 euros, Jewels of the Casa de la Moneda Collection, NGC PF 70 Ultra Cameo. KM-1604-6. A set of perfect proofs struck by the Royal Spanish Mint depicting the three modules of colonial 8 reales in the collection of the Casa de la Moneda: a 1673 Potosí Royal (galano), a 1737 Mexico City pillar, and a 1772 Mexico City bust. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, set of 2026-dated proof coins: gold 200 euros and silver 10 euros, 250th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the United States - Isabel I / Charles III & Washington, NGC PF 68, PF 70 Ultra Cameo (NGC First Releases). KM-1624, 1613. Recent proofs from the Royal Spanish Mint struck for the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence, both depicting Queen Isabel I on obverse and busts of George Washington and King Charles III of Spain on the reverse, with premium First Releases labels from NGC, the gold coin with AGW of 0.4336 oz. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, colorized proof 50 euros, 2026, 250th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the United States / 13 salutes, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, "top pop." KM-1620. Struck by the Royal Spanish Mint, this new issue commemorates Spain's bond with the United States formed during the American Revolutionary War. The obverse shows a large colorized scene of Washington in a harbor with a warship firing a salute in the background while the reverse features busts of Washington and King Charles III of Spain along with Luis de Córdova, Francisco de Saavedra y Sangronis, José Solano y Bote, and Bernardo de Gálvez. One of just five in the NGC census, all graded PF 69 Ultra Cameo (ASW 5.0185 oz). In large NGC slab. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SWITZERLAND, Bern, 5 francs, 1867, Schwyz Shooting Festival, scarce, NGC MS 61. Dav-383; KM-XS9. Bold strike, with very faint rainbow toning over strong luster and hairlines, from a reported mintage of 8,000 pieces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, gold $3 Indian Princess, 1861, NGC AU 53. The 1861 $3 had a paltry mintage of 5,959 coins, making collectible examples today very tough to find in any grade. Still, it retains popularity as an "odd" denomination meant for purchasing sheets of 3-cent stamps at the time. Light circulation on raised points and minor surface marks, some mint luster and reddish-gold highlights around legends and other design elements. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, gold $2½ Liberty Head quarter eagle, 1905, NGC MS 64. A beautiful, well-struck piece with satiny luster on both sides, only a few touches of orange toning here and there. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, Morgan dollar, 1879, PCGS MS66, ex-Busto. Quite rare in this high Gem grade and with a beautifully toned obverse showing a collage of colors while the reverse displays cartwheel luster and gold toning around the rims, overall sharply struck and lustrous. Pedigreed to the José Busto Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, Capped Bust half dollar, 1809, Lettered Edge variety. 13.46 grams. Richly toned VF+ with deep blue hues around the edges, a few small contact marks on the obverse.

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, Capped Bust half dollar, 1828, square base 2, small 8, large letters (O-110), NGC AU 53. Nice example of this Overton-110 (Rarity-2) variety with sharp bust and eagle details, draped in mottled dark toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Carson City mint, quarter dollar, 1876-CC, NGC XF 45. Probably one of the most "Wild West" coins out there as being dated to the 100th anniversary of the United States and struck at the Carson City Mint. A bold piece with considerable detail due to light circulation, the obverse deeply toned, the reverse with much original mint luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, Philadelphia mint, proof Barber quarter, 1910, PCGS PR65 Cameo. Mintage of only 551 coins in proof. Absolutely gorgeous proof with rich golden hues in the centers of both sides surrounded by vibrant purple toning around the rims. The frosty Liberty bust and eagle stand out against the mirror fields, providing ample cameo contrast for the designation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

UNITED STATES, silver-plated copper medal, 1898, PRO PATRIA / Spanish-American War, by the French Trading Co. N.Y., ex-Roehrs. 33.51 grams. 46 mm. Obverse with a soldier and sailor standing around a cannon as a winged figure blows its horn above, MANILLA / PORTO-RICO / SANTIAGO 14TH JULY / 1898 on scroll at right, TO THE GLORY OF THE U.S.A. above, and A. DUSEAUX PARIS at bottom; Reverse with a seated woman at center holding an American flag and palm branch, her breastplate reading USA on it, marching troops in the background to the left and a sailing ship at right, a cannon at lower left and an eagle above ESPAÑA to the lower right, PRO PATRIA above, FRENCH TRADING CO. N.Y. below; Edge: smooth with loop at top. A rare and interesting medal commemorating America's victory in the Spanish-American War struck by a French company that also operated a store in New York City, intending to capitalize on patriotic zeal in a city which hosted many military parades and events following the war. Very few examples of this medal have turned up in the market since. A lustrous example with sharp details, the high points rather golden from light wear. Pedigreed to the Roehrs Collection.

VENEZUELA, Caracas, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1812, General Monteverde, very rare, NGC XF details / cleaned, ex-Medina. Fonrobert-7973; Herrera-8; Medina-268. 11.79 grams. Obverse with military bust inside legend FERN.o VII . REI D. / LAS ESPANAS.; reverse with lion holding shield inside legend D. MONTEU.e LE PROC.o CAR.s CEP. 24D. 1812 DOM.o with ornate rim; plain edge. This is one of the most important issues of Venezuela, as it marks the brief restoration of Spanish rule there after the fall of the First Republic in 1812 to Captain General Domingo de Monteverde, whose name appears in the reverse legend. Light rainbow-gray toning over muted luster and faint hairlines, characteristic die crack and rim cud on obverse, plus a typically weak center on reverse, reportedly one of fewer than fifteen examples known, this one with excellent pedigree. Pedigreed to the José T. Medina Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Barinas (Caujaral), "imitation cob" 1 real , "1814" date (1817-19), inverted 4, very rare, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-534 var; KM-2 var. 1.38 grams. Typically thin, octagonal flan, with full cross-castles-lions and pillars-and-waves with bold date 1814 showing a retrograde 4 (an unlisted variety), very choice grade for this type, lightly toned and lustrous, a rare and important piece for the Venezuelan specialist. Between 1817 and 1819, General José Antonio Páez took control of the Venezuelan plains (los Llanos) and ordered the minting of provisional silver coins—starting with 2 reales and later 1-real coins like this one—to pay his troops by using melted-down silver jewelry and other ornaments like stirrups and sword scabbards. Please use this link to verify the certification number

(VENEZUELA) COLOMBIA, round "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "184" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, NGC VF 35. Cal-747; KM-C13.1. While currently cataloged as Caracas, this piece is on a round flan (weight not specified in the slab) as opposed to the irregular flans of Caracas issues, and punches are different as well, so experts are now assigning it to Santa Marta in Colombia. Good full cross and lions and castles showing bold denomination 2 above and below and M to left, full but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves with particularly bold date, old marks to left, richly toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Caracas, "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "741" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed. Cal-750; KM-C13.1. 5.80 grams. Choice and well-centered full pillars with bold 741 "date," off-center cross with 2 above and L to right, toned XF+ with traces of luster but also some dark horn silver. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of June 2001, with original lot-tag 1446 (trimmed).

(VENEZUELA) COLOMBIA, round "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "931" (ca. 1815), quadrants of cross transposed, rare, NGC XF details / holed. Cal-937 (under Santa Marta); KM-unl (C13.1 for Caracas type). While traditionally cataloged as Caracas, this piece is on a round flan (weight not specified in the slab) as opposed to the irregular flans of Caracas issues, and punches are different as well, so experts are now assigning it to Santa Marta in Colombia. Well-centered full cross and pillars-and-waves, clear 931 "date," deep but uneven pink-purple toning, crude hole near edge, misattributed by NGC to C-12 (the KM listing for Caracas 1 real “931”). Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Caracas, 2 reales, 1818-dated (struck ca. 1830) BS, florets flanking cross with quadrants transposed, struck over a Spanish bust 2 reales of 1806, rare, NGC VF 30. Cal-740; KM-C36. Deeply toned with traces of underlying muted luster, fully detailed but also with most of the legends and date of the under-coin plainly visible (not noted by NGC, which erroneously labeled it as the "F7" royalist type anyway), albeit without mintmark or assayer, in any case quite rare with so much of the over-struck issue showing. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Caracas, ¼ real, 1822, variety with tip of cornucopia between 8 and 2, NGC AU details / cleaned. KM-C34; Stohr-14. Bold strike with splashes of colorful toning (mostly indigo) over golden luster, light hairlines, scarce type with "19" in center referring to the Act of April 19, 1820, that initiated Venezuela's fight for independence. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Caracas, ¼ real, 1829, variety with tip of cornucopia between 8 and 2, NGC AU 53. KM-C34; Stohr-14. Broad flan with full rim design (obverse slightly off center), light rainbow toning over muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

(VENEZUELA) NICARAGUA, brass ¼ real token, no date, Isidro Olivares / El Oazis, PCGS MS64, finest and only example in PCGS census. Rulau-Ven83; Stohr-F94. Obverse with JSIDRO / OLIVARES above a cluster of four diamonds; reverse with EL / OAZIS / UN / CUARTILLO; plain edge. Bright and lustrous brass color with faint rainbow tones, so choice that we believe it was either a sample or specimen strike. In 1965, numismatist Tomás Stohr mistakenly catalogued this issue as a Venezuelan token in his well-known publication Venezuela Numismática, but later research and cataloging by experts such as Fauver corrected the attribution to Nicaragua. Please use this link to verify the certification number