ANGUILLA, "Liberty" dollar, July 11 1967 countermark on a British trade dollar, 1911, extremely rare. KM-X12. 26.69 grams. Bold incuse countermark on lustrous XF+ host, reportedly one of only two known with this host type, in fact the rarest host of the entire production, which was basically a publicity stunt by the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle to turn 11,600 available silver crowns into redeemable collectibles, of which only a couple thousand hit the market, the rest melted.

ARGENTINA (River Plate Provinces), Potosí mint, 8 reales, 1815 F, NGC AU 55, ex-Janson (Plate). Janson-5.1.16.2 (this coin); KM-14. Rich rainbow toning over muted luster, interesting squiggly struck-through-fiber below Y on reverse, important and desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Carlos Janson Collection (stated on label), plate coin (obverse) on page 206 of his book La Moneda Circulante En El Territorio Argentino (2020). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA (Tierra del Fuego), struck in Buenos Aires, gold 1 gramo, 1889, Popper, NGC MS 62. Janson-7; KM-Tn5. Lustrous with traces of reddish toning, minimal marks on the high rims only, popular one-year issue struck by Romanian-Jewish gold-prospector Julius Popper using gold dust found on the beach of El Páramo in the Patagonian peninsula. Popper's expedition, under the name of Gold-Washing Company of the South (Lavaderos de Oro del Sud), achieved a sort of autonomy, with its own army and coins and postage stamps, as well as a notorious "wild west" atmosphere replete with crime and abuse of natives. Popper died suddenly and mysteriously in 1893. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA, 1 peso (patacón), 1881, NGC MS 62, ex-Janson. Janson-12; KM-29. Faint rainbow toning over muted luster, minimal bagmarks, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Carlos Janson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA, 1 peso (patacón), 1882, NGC MS 64, "top pop," ex-Janson. Janson-13.1.1; KM-29. Cartwheel luster with light gray toning, virtually no marks or wear, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census (out of 92 entries), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Carlos Janson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

ARGENTINA - PATAGONIA and ARAUCANIA (New France), bronze proof essai 2 centavos, King Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, 1874, open 4 variety, NGC PF 64 BN (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-X1; VG-3859. Deep indigo toning in centers with bright original copper color in legends, some speckling but no marks or wear, scarce die variety and overall a bit scarcer than the only other denomination made (1 peso) in this odd but clearly professionally produced fantasy coinage for a "kingdom" that never existed. In effect these 1874 issues were propaganda, struck for Frenchman Orélie-Antoine de Tounens (misspelled as ORLLIE on the coins) for his self-proclaimed Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia, where he had formed an alliance with the local Mapuche natives, who agreed to his stature under the promise of French arms and assistance against the Chilean army, which soon arrested and deported him to France. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

AUSTRIA, Hall mint, 1 taler, Leopold, 1632, NGC MS 62. Dav-3338B; KM-629.4. Choice golden toning over ample luster, very faint adjustment marks near part of edge, impressively well detailed. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BELGIUM, 5 francs, Leopold II, 1875, PCGS MS 65+. KM-24. Nearly prooflike luster with light toning on rims only, one of only three at PCGS at this second-finest grade below a single MS66. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1798 PP, very rare, PCGS XF40, finest known in PCGS census. Janson-73.10; Cal-1529; KM-80; Fr-15. Full rims, with nice red toning in obverse legend and all over the reverse, one of very few known and especially rare as problem-free, in fact the single finest graded numerically since the only one at NGC is AU details, also low mintage of just 1156 coins. Pedigreed to the Cayón auction of September 2022 (lot 5485). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1801 PP, very rare, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. Janson-73.13; Cal-1532; KM-80; Fr-15. Softly struck central details with adjustment mark on bust, nicely toned in legends and on reverse, one of only 1,666 struck, now the only one on record in numeric grade (with just one in XF details at NGC). Pedigreed to the Cayón auction of September 2022 (lot 5488). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1802 PP, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Pat Johnson. Janson-73.14; Cal-1533; KM-80; Fr-15. Choice red toning and luster with full rims, any evidence of cleaning by now very faint but admittedly important at this grade level, also notable for a squiggly struck-through-fiber to right of date, from a very small mintage of just 697 coins. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2022, lot 2015). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1785 PR, very rare, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Janson-70.8; Cal-1663; KM-57; Fr-4. Choice details and strong luster for the assigned grade, from a mintage of just 629 pieces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1782 PR, very rare, PCGS AU50. Janson-71.5; Cal-1440; KM-56; Fr-5. Strong details and good luster, full rims with some adjustment marks, very low mintage of just 1,299 coins, this one being second finest in the PCGS census behind a single AU53 (none at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 PR, very rare, PCGS UNC details / cleaned. Janson-75.2; Cal-1174; KM-65; Fr-9. Very bold strike with choice details so deeply impressed that the flan cracked slightly (also very high rims), smooth and lustrous fields (very faintly hairlined), very small mintage of just 1,428 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1794 PR, very rare, PCGS VF25, finest and only example in PCGS census. Light toning, full rims, weakly struck bust, particularly rare as problem-free, from a very small mintage of just 1,306 coins. Pedigreed to the Cayón auction of September 2022 (lot 5467). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1770 JR (large), • after CAROLUS, three dots around each mintmark, rare. Yonaka-P4.70a; Janson-59.4.3; Cal-1168; KM-50. 13.21 grams. Lightly toned VF with no major issues, slightly off-center strike, very rare variety (R2 in Yonaka) with oversized assayer initials JR.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774 JR, NGC UNC details / rev damage. Janson-63.2; Cal-1170; KM-55. Somewhat prooflike with lustrous fields and frosty details, small void in edge (as made), heavy scratch at mintmark. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1783 PR, PCGS MS 62, finest known in PCGS census. Janson-63.12.3; Cal-1186; KM-55. Choice bold details with lustrous fields graced with very deep rainbow toning near obverse rim and on most of reverse, light handling marks but overall very attractive and distinguished as the finest graded example on record since the highest at NGC is MS 61. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815 PJ, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1379; KM-84. Choice luster, some faint toning, currently the single finest of 26 in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1816. Fonrobert-9401; Cunietti-816-01-02. 25.19 grams. 41 mm. Obverse with bust of king and legend EL REY EN PREMIO DE LA FIDELIDAD Y DE LA VIRTUD ANO DE 1816; reverse with crown above springs and legend APRECIENSE LOS SERVICIOS DE ESTE MI BENEMERITO VASSALLO; VF with rich toning and faint underlying luster, very rare as unholed, albeit with natural flan flaw near bottom. An award for the loyal indigenous people who participated in the re-conquest of Potosí by the Spanish, expelling the patriot troops of General José Rondeau Pereyra.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, bust 4 reales, Charles IV, 1808 PJ, • after CAROLVS, PCGS MS62+, finest known in PCGS census. Janson-77.20.1; Cal-845; KM-72. Choice full details and brilliant luster, nearly full rims, hard to imagine one nicer (but tied with one other at the same grade at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, "10 soles"-sized monetary medal, 1825, Bolívar. Burnett-3A2; Fonrobert-9465. 34.83 grams. 42 mm. Obverse with military portrait of Bolívar facing right inside legend SIMON BOLIVAR LIBERTADOR DE COLOMBIA Y DEL PERU .; reverse with Cerro de Potosí with city at base and radiant sunface above within legend POTOSI MANIFIESTA SU GRATITUD AL GENIO DE LA LIBERTAD . 1825 . Near AU with lovely toning but with crudely repaired hole at top. Popular and important as from the first series of Bolivian monetary medals struck after independence.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, 8 soles, 1852 FM, NGC AU 55. KM-112.1. Bold strike, splashy rainbow toning, only light marks and high-point wear, very attractive for the assigned grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BRAZIL, Rio, copper 80 reis, Pedro I, 1828-R, NGC MS 65 BN, "top pop." LMB-618; KM-366.1. Choice luster with beautiful rainbow toning, tied with one other for finest in the NGC census, very rare in such a superior state of preservation for this series. This and the next two lots from the same consignment have the look of a presentation set of specimens or patterns, especially since they all have the same toning and choice surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BRAZIL, Rio, copper 40 reis, Pedro I, 1827-R, NGC MS 64 BN, finest known in NGC census. LMB-16; KM-Pn27. Lustrous and lightly rainbow toning, exceptional grade for this series, with the appearance of a presentation piece of some sort (see previous lot). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BRAZIL, Rio, copper 20 reis, Pedro I, 1827-R, NGC MS 63 BN, finest known in NGC census. LMB-583; KM-360.1. 4.48 grams. Colorful patchy toning over luster, very choice grade for this series (the next finest and only other example in the NGC census being just AU 53), with the look of a presentation piece along with the previous two lots. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BRITISH HONDURAS, 1 dollar (6 shillings 1 penny), George III, countermark crowned script-GR in oval indent (1810-1818) on a Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1813 JJ, rare. Prid-2; KM-2. 26.64 grams. Unusually deep countermark (XF) on a VF host with light steel toning all over, lightly polished.

BRITISH HONDURAS, Belize, brass ¼ rial token, 1871, John Jex, NGC AU details / scratches (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Lyall-130; Prid-75; KM-Tn1. Dark olive-brown with nice old toning over the stated scratches, interesting local issue made to look like the Indian Head Cent circulating in the U.S. at the time, very hard to find in this grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CANADA, Montreal, Quebec Bank, copper "habitant" 1 sou / half penny token, 1852, ex-Loye, ex-Oppenheim, ex-Baker. Breton-529; Courteau-5; KM-Tn20; PC-3. 8.98 grams. AU with very muted luster and faint rainbow colors, only minor marks, die variety with oval dot after CANADA, small dash to right of U on reverse, spot of extra metal to right of top of B in QUEBEC, hairline die-crack in upper obverse legend. Pedigreed to the Warren Baker Collection (with his tag), the Loye Collection, and the Michael Oppenheim Collection (September 2019).

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1793 DA, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. Cal-1758; KM-54; Fr-23. Bright yellow color with brilliant luster, full rims, a few small marks but notably flashy, currently the single finest of twenty entries at NGC and a coin that seems hard to top in its astounding state of preservation. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1803 FJ/JJ, rare, NGC MS 65, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-unl (cf 1771); KM-unl (54 for type); Fr-23. Unprecedented quality for the series (none higher in any date) with eye-popping luster and choice strike (including full rims), faint adjustment marks but no wear or handling of note, this over-assayer variety particularly rare without the 1803/2 overdate (unlisted in references). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 FJ, NGC MS 62. Cal-1871; KM-78; Fr-29. Superb luster and details (also full rims) but with minor lamination flaws on bust, traces of light red toning, overall very flashy for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1781 DA, very rare, NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1874; KM-33; Fr-16. Rather lustrous for the assigned grade and with bold details, slightly off-center obverse and adjustment marks on reverse, re-punched denomination 4, only the second example we have seen as from very low mintage of only 850 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1811 FJ, very rare, PCGS VF30, finest example in PCGS census. Cal-1563; KM-76 ; Fr-32. Bold strike with contrasting toning around details, partially crude rims (as made, very typical for this type), from a mintage of only 680 coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 FJ, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1571; KM-76; Fr-32. Bold strike, nearly full rims, trace of laminations to right of bust, scarce type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760, by A. Tapia, rare, PCGS MS61, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Prieto, ex-Val y Mexía, MHE Plate. Herrera-54; Medina-62; Betts-452; MHE-295 (this medal). 38 mm. Obverse with young bust of king within tulip border inside typical coin legend; reverse with crowned arms of Santiago (lion in shield between Pillars of Hercules), burning heart between AM-AT at bottom, legend AUGUSTIS . IMPERAT . IUSIURAND.S.P . Q . CHL. An exceptional example with lovely old toning over lustrous surfaces with minimal handling marks, surely the finest known. Pedigreed to the Tomás Prieto Collection (stated on label) and the Val y Mexía Collection, also plated in Medallas de la História de España (2018), by Juan Claudio de Ramo?n, Isabel Rodri?guez Casanova, and Alberto J. Canto? Garci?a. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1773 DA, very rare, NGC VF 25 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest and only example in NGC census. KM-31; Cal-1207. This is the very rare and highly important first date of issue for this type, with only 27,000 coins minted (probably mostly melted) and now only five known, of which two are certified (this coin and a VF30 at PCGS). Lustrous fields, light toning at the rims (which are a bit crude, as made), the details with honest wear, in all a desirable example of a very elusive issue. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1777 DA, very rare, NGC VF 25 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1210; KM-31. Deeply toned over evenly worn surfaces, parts of rims weak (as made) but with nice detail for the grade, from an original mintage of just 26,000 coins but most melted, leaving a small handful today (none finer than XF). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1779/6 DA, very rare, NGC VF 35 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-unl (cf 1212); KM-unl (31 for type). Interesting unlisted overdate that is clearly 9/6 on this coin but may be the same as the 9/8 (misinterpreted) that is listed in references, in any case among only 99,000 minted for this year (most melted), and quite a lovely example with deep rainbow toning over muted luster and relatively smooth surfaces, arguably XF but in any case the finest overdate issue certified for this date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1781 DA, very rare, NGC VF details / tooled (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Amat. Cal-1215; KM-31. Deeply toned with even wear, as-made flan-crack and lamination at date plus small rim-flaw on reverse but no noticeable tooling save some trivial marks, from among just 105,000 minted (mostly melted), with distinguished pedigree, technically tied with two others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single VF 35. Pedigreed to the Viceroy Amat Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1999, lot 74) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1782 DA, very rare, NGC VF details / obv graffiti (Colección Val y Mexía Label), "top pop," ex-Faistauer, Johnson, Amat, and Santa Fe. Cal-1216; KM-31. Broad flan with nearly full rims despite being slightly off-center, deeply rainbow toned over muted luster, a few old marks in front of neck (not really graffiti), from a very low mintage of just 60,000 (most melted), this being one of three entries at the same grade at NGC (none higher), impressively pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Faistauer Collection (Jess Peters auction of April 1976, lot 412), stated on label as "Ex. Faista," and to the Ray Johnson Collection (Freeman Craig auction of November 1981, lot 100), the Viceroy Amat Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1991, lot 75), and the Santa Fe Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2020, lot 20217), also to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1784 DA, large over small mintmark, very rare, NGC XF details / rev damaged (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-unl (Type 115); KM-unl (31 for type). Broad flan with full rims, light golden toning over muted luster on faintly porous surfaces, heavy scratch below ET on reverse, low mintage of 128,000 coins (most melted), this one technically tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single AU 50 for the mintmark variety (which is unlisted in references). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1784 DA, large mintmark, NGC VF 35 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest and only example in NGC census. Cal-1218; KM-31. Attractively toned over muted luster with only light, even wear (arguably XF), among only 128,000 minted in this year (most melted) and apparently the finest certified for this variety. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1785/4 DA, very rare, NGC VF 20 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Amat. Cal-1220; KM-31. Broad flan with full rims, attractive light toning over smooth surfaces with even wear, among only 130,000 total minted for this year (most melted), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Viceroy Amat Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1999, lot 77) and the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1786 DA, very rare, NGC VF 30 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1222; KM-31. Broad flan with choice full rims, very light golden toning over muted luster, among 149,000 minted (most melted), second finest in NGC census behind a single XF 45. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1787 DA, rare, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1223; KM-31. Choice details for the assigned grade, with faint rainbow toning over nice luster, minimal wear and marks, minor die-crack at DEI, off-center strike on a broad flan, overall rather desirable quality for this rare issue (among 183,000 minted but most melted). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788 DA, rare, NGC XF details / cleaned (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Cal-1224; KM-31. Light rainbow toning over muted luster, broad flan with full rims, trivial hairlines that arguably should not even matter at this grade level, overall quite nice for this rare issue (187,000 minted, most melted). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789, for Los Indios Araucanos (Araucanian Indians), by Nazaual, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Fonrobert-9805; Medina-146; Herrera-130. 43 mm. Obverse with fantasy bust of king within legend CAROLUS IV · HISPANIARUM · ET IND · IMPERAT · AUGUST ·, with NAZAUL F in truncation and date in exergue; reverse with two natives tending a field with bird to right above exergue OMNIBUS CLEMENS | NAZAUAL INCIDIT within legend * HIGINIUS PREAFECT · CHIL · PROCLAMIVIT IMPERIUM · ET OBTULIT HOMAG · POPUL · AUST ·. Beautifully rainbow toned with lots of yellow, green, blue and purple colors, choice details with only light high-point wear. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1806 FJ, with Minas Gerais (Brazil) 960 reis counterstamp (1808), NGC XF 45, c/s AU standard (Colección Val y Mexía Label). Gomes-115.04; KM-243; host: Cal-1047; KM-51. Dark gray toning all over, the nearly full counterstamp sharply detailed but struck from rusty dies, scarce on this host, especially with date visible. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1821 FD, NGC AU 58. KM-82.2. Light golden toning (darker on date side) with minimal wear but some small marks, overall choice grade for better date of a very popular type (second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 58+), mintage of 126,000 coins (most melted). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1822 FI, NGC AU 55. KM-82.2. Deep rainbow toning (slightly patchy), nice grade for this popular type, mintage of 148,000 for this date (most melted). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1834 I, NGC MS 62, "top pop." KM-82.2. Brightly lustrous (rare grade, tied with two others for finest in the NGC census), with patches of very light rainbow toning, somewhat rare without the usual Philippines countermark. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" peso, 1834 IJ, with Manila, Philippines (under Spain), 8 reales, Isabel II, crowned Y.II. countermark (Type VI, 1834-37), NGC AU details / cleaned, c/s AU weak. KM-108; host: KM-82.2. Fully detailed countermark near center of volcano side, with attractive light rainbow toning in patches all over, muted luster with small marks and hairlines, scarce grade overall. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" 2 reales, 1834 IJ, PCGS XF40, ex-Val y Mexía. KM-92. Attractive gray toning over muted luster, scarce and popular issue (only 3,740 minted). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "volcano" 1 real, 1834 IJ, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-91. Brightly lustrous and well struck with full rims, scarce issue (16,000 minted) in rare grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Valdivia, Chunimpa, emergency issue 2 reales, 1822, very rare, NGC XF 40, ex-Christensen. Cal-989; KM-2. 4.34 grams. Typically crude and sparse in design, with light toning over muted luster and sediment enhancing the details, a bit more of the rims than usually seen, light marks within the confines of the assigned grade, one of very few original, straight-graded examples, tied with three others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single XF 45. During the Chilean War of Independence, the prosperous colonial city of Valdivia was divided in its loyalties, and during various battles that eventually ended in favor of the Patriots, each side looted the supporters of the other, leaving a dire coinage shortage. To alleviate that, about 4000 ounces of random silver were collected from the populace and sent to the estate of Chunimpa. There, under the supervision of the owner of the estate, Don Antonio Adriazola, the silver was made into coins in 1822, in the denominations of 1, 2 and 8 reales, with a simple design consisting of the denomination, VA and date on the obverse and a column and three stars on the reverse. Because these “emergency” coins were unofficial and not even proper weight for their values, the Chilean government called them in and melted them down. For that reason, surviving specimens are very rare and plagued by counterfeit copies. Pedigreed to the Christensen auction of September 1984 (lot 774). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, gold 8 escudos, 1850 LA, MARZO on edge, NGC AU 53. KM-105; Fr-41. Just light, even wear, with muted luster and smooth surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1843 IJ, rare, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-100.1. 24.5 mm. Deep rainbow toning with underlying luster, well-detailed strike with nearly full rims, choice example of this one-year large-size first date for this denomination after the "volcano" series (the diameter stated on the label). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1844 IJ, NGC MS 63 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. KM-100.2. Deeply rainbow toned with "shadows" of bright original luster in legends, die variety with split foot in Y, currently the finest of twelve in the NGC census. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1845/3 IJ, NGC AU 58, finest known in NGC census. KM-100.2. Bold strike with very faint rainbow toning over luster, the finer of just two in the NGC census for this interesting skip-date overdate. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1845 IJ, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. KM-100.2. Brightly lustrous, with faint traces of colorful toning (mostly at rims), die variety with split-foot Y, currently the finest of just four entries in the NGC census. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1846 IJ, NGC AU 53 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-100.2. Deeply rainbow toned with muted luster, somewhat small in diameter (incomplete rims), scarce date. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1848/6 JM, rare, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. KM-unl (100.2 for type). Muted luster overlain with lovely rainbow toning (stronger in peripheries), clear overdate that is not mentioned on label nor recorded in references, finest of six in the census without any overdate specified. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1850/9 LA, rare, NGC AU 55 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census, ex-Whittier. KM-unl (100.2 for type). Very light rainbow toning over muted luster, die variety with split-foot Y, also with clear 5/9 overdate (not mentioned on label) but no evidence of 5/4 or LA/ML as listed in KM (therefore must be rare), currently the finer of just two in the NGC census for this date (without overdate specified). Pedigreed to the Whittier Collection (stated on label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 reales, 1851 LA, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-100.2. Strong luster with light golden toning, rare in this choice grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1842 IJ, rare, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-unl (94.3). Bold details with deeply contrasting toning, small void in edge (as made), unlisted date for this early type with small shield and berries (KM only lists 1841). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1843 IJ, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-94.2. Very lightly rainbow toned with spots of bright luster, die variety with split-foot V for Y in legend. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1844 IJ, PCGS MS64, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Val y Mexía. KM-94.2. Very light rainbow toning over luster, exceptional grade (matching the finest at NGC). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1845 IJ, NGC MS 64 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-94.2. Choice luster with very light rainbow toning (stronger at rims), choice grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1846 IJ, NGC AU 53 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-94.2. Slightly soft details with lustrous fields (arguably higher grade) with lovely light rainbow toning all over. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1847 IJ, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-94.2. Superb luster with almost prooflike details, very light rainbow toning, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 66, a date that does not come up with frequency. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 1 real, 1849 ML, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-94.2. Light rainbow toning (mostly gold and magenta) over luster, second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 65, better date for the series (scarce). Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1840 IJ, NGC MS 66 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census, ex-Lissner, ex-Whittier. KM-98.1. Incredibly flashy with prooflike luster, very tall rims, the finest known of this scarce two-year type (only 14,000 of this date minted), a well pedigreed gem for the top collector. Pedigreed to the R.L. Lissner Collection (CNG/St James's/Teller auction of August 2014, lot 1337), stated on label, and the Whittier Collection (Heritage auction of June 2006, lot 16442), and the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1841 IJ, NGC MS 65 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-98.3. Iridescent rainbow toning with very bright colors on condor side, superb luster all over, a low-mintage date (16,000 struck) of a two-year type, rare in this gem grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1842 IJ, NGC MS 64 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Whittier. KM-98.3. Grayish rainbow toning with underlying luster, two-year type, this date's mintage 27,000, near-gem grade with good pedigree. Pedigreed to the Whittier Collection (stated on label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1844 IJ, NGC MS 65 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-98.2. Richly rainbow toned with underlying luster, die variety with the Y in legend shaped more like a V, rare gem grade. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1845 IJ, NGC MS 65 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), ex-Whittier. KM-98.2. Bold strike with rosy gold toning over luster, die variety with odd-shaped J in assayer, second highest grade in NGC census, a well-pedigreed gem. Pedigreed to the Whittier Collection (stated on the label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1846/5 IJ, NGC MS 63 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. KM-98.2. Brightly lustrous with small splashes of toning mostly in peripheries, rare overdate. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1846 IJ, NGC MS 63 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-98.2. Bold details but slightly off-center strike, purplish toning (mostly on date side) over subdued luster. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1847 IJ, NGC AU 58 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-98.2. Blotchy rainbow toning around small areas of bright luster, somewhat scarce. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1848 JM, rare, NGC VF 35 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-98.2. Key date of the series, this example very deeply toned, struck slightly off-center. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1849 ML, NGC MS 63 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census. KM-98.2. Light rainbow toning over luster, hard to find in high grade, this one the finest on record. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ real, 1851 LA, NGC MS 65 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), finest known in NGC census, ex-Whittier. KM-98.2. Lightly rainbow toned over luster, die variety with small mintmark, rare gem grade with good pedigree. Pedigreed to the Whittier Collection (stated on the label) and to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "condor" peso, 1874, NGC MS 62+ (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-142.1. Bright white with cartwheel luster despite light rub and bagmarks here and there. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "condor" peso, 1870/60, NGC MS 61 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-142.1. Lightly rainbow toned (mostly gold but with splashes of blue) over cartwheel luster, trace of wear on highest points, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 62 for this overdate. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, "condor" peso, 1884, NGC MS 64. KM-142. Bright cartwheel luster, minor bagmarks only. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, ½ décimo, 1884, mule variety without 0.5 fineness, rare, NGC MS 64 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-149. Very faint purplish toning over luster, deep strike, rare and curious mule with open space between CHILE and mintmark where the fineness should appear. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, 2 pesos, 1927, NGC MS 61 (Colección Val y Mexía Label). KM-172. Brilliant luster without toning except for very light gold spot in center of reverse, minimal bagmarks. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Santiago, bronze pattern 2½ centavos, 1903, very rare, NGC MS 63 BN. KM-PnA26. Orangish color with traces of original luster, choice grade, this example probably the finest of only three or four known, first we have ever offered and an important opportunity for the Chile specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CHILE, Copiapó, 1 peso, (1859), inverted shield, proper star, denomination as .1.P, NGC MS 62 (Colección Val y Mexía Label), "top pop." KM-2.2. Very bold stamps (the outline of the shield easily discernible on the reverse) with dark outlines, choice toning over muted luster without notable marks, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census, popular uniface issue struck during the occupation of Copiapó in 1859 by Chilean revolutionary Pedro León Gallo Goyenechea. Pedigreed to the Val y Mexía Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer E below mintmark RN to left (1626-1630). Restrepo-M45.3; S-C3; Cal-Type 298; KM-3.4. 27.59 grams. Deeply toned and chunky Fine with parts of edge rather crude (as made) and cracked, full shield with clear denomination VIII* to right and just the right side of RNE to left, nearly full cross.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer A below mintmark NR to left (early 1630s), PCGS F15. Restrepo-M44.13; S-B4; Cal-Type 337; KM-3.3. 27.71 grams. Chunky flan with full shield flanked by clear •VIII• to right and the just the right side of NRA to left, nearly full but off-center cross, variety with fine-dot inside borders on both sides, toned all over. Note: PCGS label only says "Spanish Colonial Cob" without country, mint, or assayer. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob 8 reales, 1668 PoRS, denomination to left, rare, NGC AU 53, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-M62.4; S-B7a; Cal-750; KM-12. 27.26 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves with full PoRS (• below o) to left and 1668 date to right, off-center full shield with bold and complete crown above, faint hint of •VIII• to left and series of dots to right, several letters of king's name visible in legend, richly toned all over, with light adjustment or scuff near top of left pillar but notably non-salvage (particularly rare and quite desirable thus, as most known examples are from the Piedmont shipwreck), sold in UBS in 1998 for 14,500 Swiss francs. Pedigreed to the UBS auction of September 1998 (lot 3154). Please use this link to verify the certification number Click here to access the full digital flipbook catalog 39

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, cob ¼ real, Philip IV, no assayer (1649-65), castle with tilted doorway / ball-tailed lion. Restrepo-M14.1; Cal-531; KM-A7. 0.63 gram. Choice VF example with complete castle and lion, a little off-center but bold, contrastingly toned, and fully detailed, even with parts of borders visible.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1809 JF, NGC MS 63. Restrepo-127.6; KM-66.1; Cal-1835; Fr-60. Light yellow color with strong luster, the centers weakly struck but with full rims, tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 65. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1760 J, posthumous issue, rare, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-22.6; Cal-719; KM-31.2; Fr-18. Superb strike and choice luster for the assigned grade (no doubt based on hairlines and not actual wear), tiny red spots, parts of rims weak but otherwise quite sharp and desirable for this rare date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1776 JJ/VJ, rare, NGC AU 55, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-67.4; Cal-1860; KM-unl (43.2 for type); Fr-37. Choice bold strike, with beautiful red toning at rims and luster throughout, some small marks and hairlines for the grade, this date (popular with U.S. collectors) only seen with JJ/VJ but the over-assayer not recorded in KM and NGC until now (note the NGC census has another at same grade without over-assayer). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III (bust of Ferdinand VI), 1760 JV, rare, PCGS AU55, ex-Huntington. Restrepo-56.2; Cal-1669; KM-36.1; Fr-27. Broad flan with full rims, muted luster, toning around details, slightly weak centers, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the A.M. Huntington Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1768 JV, PCGS XF45. Restrepo-60.14; Cal-1681; KM-40; Fr-33. Bold details enhanced by toning in crevices, die crack across shoulder, nearly full rims, generally rare type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1778 JJ, PCGS AU53, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-61.15; Cal-1697; KM-49.1; Fr-39. Lovely red toning over luster, full rims, interesting die crack above head. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 40177) and to the Glendining's auction of November 1971 (lot 365). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1779 SF, PCGS AU50. Restrepo-62.16; Cal-1637; KM-49.2; Fr-40. Incredibly lustrous for the assigned grade (especially the reverse), the bust just a little weakly struck, nearly full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1781/0 SF, NGC XF 40. Restrepo-62.19; Cal-1640; KM-49.2; Fr-40. Broad flan with full rims, hint of toning on reverse, scarce overdate, second finest in NGC census behind a single XF 45. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1784 SF, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-62.26; Cal-1647; KM-49.2; Fr-40. Choice luster and strong rims, traces of toning, adjustment marks in center of reverse, the finest at PCGS with top at NGC being just AU 58. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1784 SF, PCGS AU53. Restrepo-62.26; Cal-1647; KM-49.2; Fr-40. Very similar to the previous lot, in fact with better rims (100% complete) and no adjustment marks, just a little bit more wear and small marks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1788 SF, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-62.26; Cal-1647; KM-49.2; Fr-40. Choice bright luster with lovely red toning, full rims, tied for finest certified with two at same grade at NGC. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 40209. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1789/79 JJ, rare, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eliasberg. Restrepo-61.39; Cal-1717; KM-49.1; Fr-39. Broad flan with full rims, patches of bright red toning and contrasting sediment in crevices, rare posthumous issue using a re-worked 1779 die, apparently the only example certified by either PCGS or NGC. Pedigreed to the Eliasberg Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791 SF, PCGS AU55, "top pop." Restrepo-88.6; Cal-1348; KM-51.2; Fr-48. Incredibly lustrous (looks like MSPL) with traces of red toning, choice strike with full rims, tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census but arguably much higher grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1791 SF, NGC MS 61, finest known in NGC census. Restrepo-90.2; Cal-1349; KM-60.2; Fr-57. Choice on a broad flan with full rims and great luster, no toning, bold strike, first date of type with proper Charles IV bust and ordinal IIII, finest at NGC with none in MS at PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III (bust of Ferdinand VI), 1760 SF, PCGS XF45. Restrepo-48.1; Cal-1410; KM-35; Fr-30. Rather choice for the assigned grade, with light toning and ample luster in legends, first year of a scarce issue that is technically a transitional type but lasted through 1771 for this mint. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III (bust of Ferdinand VI), 1769/7 J, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-48.10; Cal-1414; KM-35; Fr-30. Well-detailed strike with full rims, light red toning and muted luster in legends that show traces of die-clashing on both sides, finest at PCGS with just one finer at AU 55 at NGC, scarce transitional type that lasted through 1771 for this mint. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1777 JJ, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-52.14; Cal-1458; KM-48.1; Fr-41. Bold full rims, pretty purple toning over muted luster, scarce date in high grade, this example being the finest at PCGS with none at NGC. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 40022), stated on label, and to the Hans M.F. Schulman auction of June 1972 (lot 97). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1781 JJ, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado, ex-Homme. Restrepo-52.22; Cal-1463; KM-48.1; Fr-41. Bold strike with full rims, toned in legends, old mark under D.G., scarce issue in high grade, this being the finest at PCGS, tied with one other at same grade at NGC. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 40031), stated on label, and to the Kurt Homme Collection (Christie's Geneva auction of November 1981, lot 873). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1793 JF, PCGS AU50. Restrepo-85.4; Cal-1149; KM-56.2; Fr-59. Light yellow color with bright luster, rather full rims, interesting double-strike on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1795 JJ, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-84.8; Cal-1201; KM-56.1; Fr-58. Good strike with full rims, red toning in legends, apparently at least scarce in high grade as this is the finest at PCGS with none at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1797 JJ, PCGS AU58, "top pop." Restrepo-84.13; Cal-1205; KM-56.1; Fr-58. Very sharp and full details except for rims, good luster, tied with one other for finest at PCGS (also one at NGC in same grade). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1801 JF, PCGS VF30. Restrepo-85.20; Cal-1160; KM-56.2; Fr-59. Choice luster for the assigned grade, with traces of light red toning, weakly struck bust and natural flaw at bottom-right part of shield. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1803 JF, PCGS AU50. Restrepo-85.24; Cal-1162; KM-56.2; Fr-59. Very light in color with brilliant, flashy luster all over, weak bust due to die-buckling and reverse slightly off-center. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1804 JT, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-85.28; Cal-1164; KM-56.2; Fr-59. Broad flan with choice full rims outside of lovely red toning, weakly struck centers, better assayer for this date, this example in fact the finest at PCGS with none at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1807 JJ, PCGS XF40. Restrepo-84.32; Cal-1222; KM-56.1; Fr-58. Light yellow color with ample luster, full rims, scarce final date of type, second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS 63 (with none at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814 JF, PCGS AU50. Restrepo-123.13; Cal-1530; 64.2; Fr-66. Very flashy with luster and light cleaning, full rims, minor die-buckling, second finest in PCGS census behind a single AU55 (and none finer at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold bust 1 escudo, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1817 JF, second 1 over 7 in date, unique error, PCGS VF35. Restrepo-unl (cf 122.21); Cal-unl (cf 1555); KM-unl (64.1 for type); Fr-65. Interesting error with very bold and clear 1/7 in date (label mistakenly says "mispunched 7/1"), also off-center strike with parts of rims crude and light die-crack below neck, unique at this point and unlisted in any reference. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760, eagle facing right, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Adams, ex-Santander. Restrepo-4 (p. 111); Herrera-93, Medina-109, and Betts-491 but with eagle reversed. 40 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III (signed by engraver BENTO on truncation) within legend CAROLO III . HISP . CATH . REGI . ET IND . IMP.; reverse with eagle (head facing right) with wings spread within legend SANCTA FIDES PRAESTAT FIDEM, with OCT. IDUUM AUG. / M.DCC.LX. in exergue. Low contrast from light toning that almost completely obscures any evidence of cleaning, important as contemporary with the extremely rare "pillar dollars" made in Colombia, with excellent pedigree to boot. We can trace only one other example of this variety sold in recent years. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1135), stated on label, the John Adams Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2015, lot 1044), and the Ponterio auction of April 1997 (lot 271). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760, eagle facing left, rare, MHE Plate. Restrepo-10 (p. 111); Herrera-93; Medina-109; Betts-491; MHE-316 (this piece). 26.80 grams. 40 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III (signed by engraver BENTO on truncation) within legend CAROLO III . HISP . CATH . REGI . ET IND . IMP.; reverse with crowned eagle facing left with wings spread within legend SANCTA FIDES PRAESTAT FIDEM, with OCT. IDUUM AUG. / M.DCC.LX. in exergue. Holed and gilt, otherwise bold XF with a few light scratches, important as contemporary with the extremely rare Colombian "pillar dollars." Plated in Medallas de la História de España (2018), by Juan Claudio de Ramo?n, Isabel Rodri?guez Casanova, and Alberto J. Canto? Garci?a.

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, uniface trial strike of reverse of 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760, rare, PCGS MS62, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Santander, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-6 (p. 111, this piece); Herrera-93; Medina-109; Betts-491. 34.80 grams. 40 mm. Design of a crowned eagle facing left with wings spread within legend SANCTA FIDES PRAESTAT FIDEM, with OCT. IDUUM AUG. / M.DCC.LX. in exergue, deeply toned over muted luster with long die-crack across bottom of eagle, important as contemporary with the extremely rare Colombian "pillar dollars." Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1136), plated on page 111 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, rare, NGC AU 58, ex-Santander. Restrepo-18 (p. 130); Fonrobert-8046; Herrera-79; Medina-382. 31.60 grams. 40 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles IV within legend EN AMOR DE FERNANDO VII REY DE ESPANA EYNDIAS.; reverse with crowned cross supported by lions (Cartagena arms) within legend EL COMERCIO DE SANTA FE DE BOGOTA SEPTIEMBRE 11 with date *1808* at bottom. Gorgeous blue toning over luster in legends, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census but with far more eye appeal than any other examples we know of. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1145), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, uniface trial strike of reverse of 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles III, 1760, rare, PCGS MS62, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Santander, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-8 (p. 111, this piece); Herrera-94; Medina-110; Betts-492. 19.00 grams. 35 mm. Design of crowned eagle facing left with wings spread within legend SANCTA FIDES PRAESTAT FIDEM, with OCT. IDUUM AUG. / M.DCC.LX. in exergue. Deeply toned over nice luster, very important as no actual 4 reales were struck in Colombia under Charles III. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1136), and plated on page 111 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1789, rare, NGC MS 61, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Santander. Restrepo-p. 121; Herrera-unl; Medina-254. 18.68 grams. 35 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III within legend CAROL.IV.D.G. HISP.ET IND.R. with Maltese cross at bottom; reverse with crowned eagle facing left with wings spread above monogram (CIAEo?) within legend SANTA FIDES FIRMAT FIDEM with date 1789 between Maltese crosses at bottom. Deeply toned over muted luster, oversized flan, no other examples located in recent sales. Thematically the reverse is the same design as the Charles III proclamations offered here in prior lots. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1138). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1789, corded edge, NGC AU 58, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Santander. Restrepo-p. 121; Herrera-215; Medina-253. 33 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III within legend CAROL.IV.D.G. HISP.ET IND.R. with Maltese cross at bottom; reverse with city arms (spread-eagle in crowned shield within wreath) above CAI CEDO., all within legend SANTA FIDES FIRMAT FIDEM with date 1789 between pairs of rosettes at bottom. Lightly toned over luster, tiny spots of extra metal behind head and minor graininess above center on reverse. While several examples have been on the market in recent years, this remains the finest example. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1139). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1789, coin axis, very rare, NGC AU 58, "top pop," ex-Santander. Restrepo-p. 121; Herrera-126; Medina-138. 33 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III within legend CAROL.IV.D.G. HISP.ET IND.R. with Maltese cross at bottom (same die as Bogotá issues); reverse with crowned cross supported by lions within legend PROCLAMATUS * CARTAG * IND * with date *1789* below engraver's monogram (José Martín Carpintero) in exergue. Choice deep toning over muted luster, tiny spots of extra metal on obverse and die-crack on PROCLA on reverse, die cracks near reverse rim, struck in coin-axis alignment (not noted on label nor in references, hence probably quite rare), tied with one other for finest in the NGC census regardless of axis. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1140). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1789, medal axis, NGC AU 53, ex-Santander. Restrepo-p. 121; Herrera-126; Medina-138. 33 mm. Obverse with bust of Charles III within legend CAROL*IV*D*G* HISP*ET IND*; reverse with crowned cross supported by lions within legend PROCLAMATUS * CARTAG * IND * with date *1789* below monogram for engraver José Martín Carpintero in exergue. Slightly grainy surfaces with dark golden toning all over. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1141). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV (bust of Charles III), 1790, corded edge, NGC AU 55, ex-Santander. Restrepo-p. 121; Herrera-186; Medina-213. 33 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III within legend CAROL IV D G HISP ET IND R .; reverse with mountains and city above TENORIO. within legend PROCLAMATUS IN CIVIT POPAIANENSI with date 1790 at bottom. Well-executed design with sharp details, nice luster, second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 61. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1143). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Honda, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, corded edge, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned. Restrepo-10 (p. 129); Herrera-22; Medina-304. 35 mm. Obverse with crowned double-headed eagle on bridge within legend PROCLAMACION DE LA UILLA DE HONDA with date 1808 at bottom (flanked by crosses-fleury); reverse with crowned arms above MAGNO IN ORTU / MAJORIN IMPERIO / MAXIMO.IN SE / IPSO. within legend FERNANDO.VII.REY DE ESPANA.Y DE INDIAS. Attractively toned over lustrous surfaces (hairlines in open fields), particularly dark around details for great contrast, oversized but considered a 4 reales compared to other medals in 2- or 8- reales size. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1808, rare, NGC AU details / obv damage, ex-Nueva Granada. Restrepo-22 (p. 130); Fonrobert-8218; Herrera-49; Medina-344. 9.82 grams. 32 mm. Obverse with armored bust of Charles III within legend CAROL.IV.D.G. HISP.ET IND.R. with Maltese cross at bottom; reverse with crowned eagle (head facing left) with wings spread above monogram (CIAEo?) within legend SANTA FIDES FIRMAT FIDEM with date 1789 between Maltese crosses at bottom; diagonally grooved edge. Beautiful golden toning with much underlying luster, attempted hole at top on obverse. Pedigreed to the Nueva Granada Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 749). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Santa Cruz de Mompox, cast 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (imaginary bust), 1808, extremely rare, PCGS XF details / repaired, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-14 (p. 130); Herrera-78; Medina-381. 33 mm. Obverse with imaginary bust of Ferdinand VII within legend FERDINANDUS.VII.REXHISPAN. ETIND• with last N in retrograde; reverse with tall cross between two palm branches on a mound within legend PROCLAMATUSMOMPOX.IND. with 1808. below monogram for the region's Alférez Real Gabriel Martínez Guerra. Somewhat crude in design but with sharp details and light toning, just a few old marks and with fields typically chased (smoothed in its time) as seen on most cast proclamation medals (which PCGS considered "repaired"), acknowledged as one of the rarest Colombian proclamations of Ferdinand VII, missing in most collections and represented only as a drawing in all references including Restrepo. This example is visibly superior to the only other piece we know to have been sold in recent years (the Becerra Collection example in Sedwick Auction 36). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Zitará (Quibdó), 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1808, extremely rare, NGC MS 62, ex-Nueva Granada, Restrepo Plate. Restrepo-24 (p. 130, this piece); Herrera-unl (cf 92 in gold); Medina-unl (cf 407 in gold). 32.5 mm. Obverse with bust of Charles IV above Nov.1808* within legend FERDINANDUS * VIII * HISPANIE ET AMERICE REX and rosette within sun; reverse with forest above river FLUV.ATRATO. within legend PROCLAM * IN ZITARENSI PROV * A JOS * MAR * VALENCIA and rosette; diagonal-grooved edge. Choice green-gold toning over luster (the reverse darker). This issue, probably struck in Popayán, is so rare that only two are known to exist in silver (the other, in fact, being the next lot in this auction). Restrepo's illustration of the present piece says "only one known in silver," with a unique example also known in gold referenced by both Herrera and Medina as "único ejemplar." Citará (here as Zitará) was the original name of the city of Quibdó on the Río Atrato, which terminates in the Gulf of Darién. Note: NGC erroneously labeled this as Valencia (in reference to the city instead of the person). Pedigreed to the Nueva Granada Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 750) and plated on page 130 of Restrepo's Coins of Colombia (2012), both stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Zitará (Quibdo), 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1808, extremely rare, NGC VF details / plugged, ex-Isla, ex-Breogán. Restrepo-24 (p. 130); Herrera-unl (cf 92 in gold); Medina-unl (cf 407 in gold). 32.5 mm. Obverse with bust of Charles IV above Nov.1808* within legend FERDINANDUS * VIII * HISPANIE ET AMERICE REX and rosette within sun; reverse with forest above river FLUV.ATRATO. within legend PROCLAM * IN ZITARENSI PROV * A JOS * MAR * VALENCIA and rosette; diagonal-grooved edge. Lightly toned, with scratches on bust and a few rim-flaws but of course the main damage is the plugged hole at top, yet this issue (probably struck in Popayán) is so rare that this is one of only two known to exist in silver, the other being the previous lot. Citará (here as Zitará) was the original name of the city of Quibdó on the Río Atrato, which terminates in the Gulf of Darién. Note: NGC erroneously labeled this as Herrera-22. Pedigreed to the Celso Isla Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2021, lot 137) and the Breogán Collection (Aureo auction of October 1998, lot 501). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust 2 reales, Charles IV, 1794/3 J•J, rare, NGC G 6, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-80.5; Cal-680; KM-59. Rare type, and despite the heavy but honest wear in centers, this is a nice example with nice toning and traces of luster in legends, full rims, just a few old scratches below the shield, in fact comparable to the Ortiz Murias example sold in Sedwick Auction 11 for $1750. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Riohacha, cast 2 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, Spanish legends, extremely rare, NGC VF details / mount removed. Restrepo-12 (p. 129); Herrera-unl; Medina-365. 26 mm. Obverse with two-headed imperial eagle with wings spread, holding an ax (hacha), within legend FERNANDO VII LEALTAD RH, date 1808 below; reverse with crowned Spanish royal arms within legend REY DE ESPANA E INDIAS. Bold details with dark toning all over, extra metal from mounting on top and bottom, which distinguishes it from the only other two examples known: the Vidal Quadras piece (number 13322), and one in Restrepo that was sold in the Ponterio auction of December 1986 (lot 517). Pedigreed to the Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2021, lot 109. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 2 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1808, pomegranates at top and bottom, NGC MS 65, finest known in NGC census, ex-Santander. Restrepo-4 (p. 129); Fonrobert-8047; Herrera-39; Medina-329. 7.71 grams. 26 mm. Obverse with crowned Spanish royal arms (shield) within legend REI DE ESPA / NA E INDIAS; reverse with pomegranates above and below AUGUSTA / PROCLAMCION / DEL N.R.D.G. POR / FERNANDO.VII / SEP.11.DE / 1808, the N.R.D.G standing for Nuevo Reino de Granada. Sharp strike and choice luster, no marks or wear (exceptional grade), with die-clash evidence at about 9 to 11 o'clock in obverse legend. Note: NGC label calls it "N. Grenada" in error. Pedigreed to the Santander Collection (Sedwick Auction 26, lot 1147). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII (bust of Charles IV), 1814/3 JF, PCGS F15, finest and only example in PCGS census. Restrepo-114.6; Cal-900; KM-70.2. Small-diameter flan with no rims as a result, light gray rainbow toning over muted luster, just one example graded higher in VF 25 at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, bust ½ real, Charles III, 1777 JJ, very rare, NGC F 15, finest known in NGC census, ex-Ortiz Murias, ex-Iriarte. Restrepo-32.9; Cal-273; KM-45.1. Bold details for the grade with dark toning in legend (nice contrast), no problems, fully VF in our opinion (as we described it in the Ortiz Murias auction, where it hammered at $4750) and arguably the finest of about five known, most of which are damaged in some way, within a very rare type that is lacking in many strong collections. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ortiz Murias Collection (Sedwick Auction 11, lot 1030) and to the Iriarte Collection (Aureo auction of March 1998, lot 99). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Cartagena, copper "imitation cob" 2 reales, fantasy date "100" (ca. 1813), struck over a Cartagena 2 reales 1813, rare, "top pop." Restrepo-118.1; Cal-unl; KM-unl. 5.42 grams. Off-center overstrike with traces of the host visible, including a clear 181 and weak but certain final digit 3 of the date on the cross side (lions and castles transposed as usual), dark and a bit unevenly struck but choice in terms of grade (formerly NGC AU 55 BN, with tag 4332661-011 included, just one finer in the census at AU 58), the normal fantasy date 800 rendered here as "100" (possibly due to double-striking), a potentially unique variety of a rare type in choice grade. Pedigreed to our Auction 30 (November 2021), lot 928.

COLOMBIA, Popayán, copper provisional ½ real, Ferdinand VII, 1813, very rare, NGC MS 64 BN, finest known in NGC census, ex-Dana Roberts. Restrepo-110.1; Cal-428; KM-B1. Choice deep strike with 100% full and tall rims, nearly flawless surfaces (for the period), quite rare (KM says five known) and interesting as from an emergency issue struck by the patriots using a royalist design, here in unparalleled near-gem grade. Pedigreed to the Dana Roberts Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, gold 8 escudos, 1822 FM, rare, NGC MS 61, ex-Sedwick. Restrepo-166.1; Sed-7, KM-82.2; Fr-68. Superb strike with choice details and full rims, eye-popping luster, the obverse a bit hairlined but very attractive nonetheless, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census, rare first date of type (RR in Sedwick). Pedigreed to the Dr. Frank Sedwick Collection (Sedwick Auction 9, lot 239), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, gold 8 escudos, 1824/3 JF, PCGS MS61, finest known in PCGS census. Restrepo-165.4; Sed-6; KM-82.1; Fr-67. Scarce overdate (missing in Sedwick and Eldorado), choice strike with great luster, light yellow color, the finest at either PCGS or NGC (whose top grade is AU 58). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1836 RS, NGC AU 58, ex-Toulemonde, ex-Medina. Restrepo-158.6; KM-89. Richly toned over luster (muted on obverse, stronger on reverse, with green-gold patch at top), well struck and choice for this scarce final date of "Gran Colombia" type, with important pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1171), stated on label, and to the Medina Collection (via Almanzar, as stated in the Freeman Craig & Co. auction of November 1984, lot 212). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ½ real, 1833 RS, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Dana Roberts. Restrepo-150.1; KM-88.1. Bold strike with sharp details, choice grade but with faint surface hairlines overlain with light rainbow toning, very pretty example of this first date of type. Pedigreed to the Dana Roberts Collection (Heritage auction of April 2011, lot 23654). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ¼ real, 1838, NGC MS 66 (EMO Collection Label). EMO-2314.1 (this coin); Restrepo-172.3; KM-90.1. Frosty gem with flawless surfaces, incomparable strike with interesting doubling on the fruit, patch of light rainbow toning to left of denomination, full rims, simply the best!. Pedigreed to the EMO Collection, plated in his book Spanish Colonial and Republican Cuartillos of the New World (2020). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 8 reales, 1846 RS, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-194.15; KM-98. Excellent strike and luster with incipient rainbow toning, slightly hazy surfaces from light old cleaning. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1177), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, 10 reales, 1848, NGC MS 62. Restrepo-196.3; KM-107. Bright white and super flashy with luster (looks higher grade) but slightly grainy in places, from a three-year type that is rather scarce in Mint State. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, pattern 8 reales, 1849, plain edge, rare, PCGS SP62, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-P62 var; KM-Pn21. Proof-quality mirror luster with light surface hairlines, faint incipient toning at rims, minimal marks, unlisted variant without lettering on edge, unadopted design, eye-catchingly flashy. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2018, lot 42150). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Mompox, copper 1 mitad token, 1844, José M. Ruiz, rare. Henao-COM324-1; Rulau-Bol25. 6.43 grams. 29 mm. Obverse with sunface, reverse with VALE MITAD / JOSE M. RUIZ / MOMPOS / 1844). About Fine with grainy surfaces from corrosion, mostly bright copper color with a few dark spots and minor verdigris. The city of Mompox is also known as Mompós, as it is spelled on this token. According to Rulau, this token was "struck in the United States to the order of Colombian merchants by a single American die-sinker who utilized old Hard Times tokens as one source of planchets." According to Henao, José M. Ruiz was registered in 1869 as owning an aguardiente distillery, and his choice of a radiant sun may have indicated his membership in the Masonic lodge Union Momposina.

COLOMBIA, Medellín, gold 10 pesos, 1886/74, fineness 0,666 / 0,900, extremely rare, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Eldorado. Restrepo-335.1; Sed-42; KM-141.2a; Fr-104a. Light yellow color with very little wear and marks, several small die cracks and a lamination flaw at bust truncation, clear overdate and over-fineness, undisputedly the finest of four known, the second best being the Dr. Frank Sedwick specimen in NGC AU 53, with a third example being the Restrepo Plate Coin (nick on edge) and the fourth sold in Goldberg in 2007 (scratched). This is the largest of a three-coin 1886 set including the 5 and 2 pesos, all struck in 0.666 gold as decreed by President Nuñez during a financial crisis that began around 1880. Unlike the two smaller pieces, the 10 pesos bears incuse edge-lettering DIOS . LEI . LIBERTAD (also curiously struck with 30% mis-aligned axes). As Dr. Frank Sedwick emphasized in his book, The Gold Coinage of Gran Colombia (1991), these coins represent the only gold coins struck in Colombia between 1878 and 1913 and he also points out that while these coins were probably struck in very small numbers, the real reason for their extreme rarity is the fact that their "unacceptably low gold content... destined them to the melting pots," their survival at all being "a miracle." Featured on back cover of printed catalog. Pedigreed to the Eldorado Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of January 2018, lot 12264), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number Click here to access the full digital flipbook catalog 39

COLOMBIA, Medellín, 1 peso, 1870, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-Toulemonde. Restrepo-318.3; KM-154.2. Frosty and beautiful with brilliant luster, crude surfaces and rims per the type but also with hairlines especially below condor's wings), curious arcuate die-flaw in front of face, a rare grade nonetheless, bettered by just two entries in MS at NGC. Pedigreed to the Gregorio Toulemonde Collection (Sedwick Auction 34, lot 1199), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Popayán, 5 décimos, 1870, rare, NGC F 15. Restrepo-295.2; KM-153.6. Light gray-gold toning over honestly worn surfaces with typical crude details per the mint (particularly the rims), at first with the appearance of a 0/9 overdate but the 0 just re-punched, one of only four at NGC and three at PCGS (none higher than VF 25), a rare date of a rare type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Medellín, proof essai 2 décimos, 1873, AB below bust (Albert Barré), extremely rare, NGC PF 64 with gold WINGS sticker, ex-Lissner. Restrepo-P42; KM-Pn38. Deeply rainbow toned (lots of colors), one of just three known to us in complete form (as opposed to uniface trials), well pedigreed. (Note: The Lissner description claims this piece was Ponterio 93 lot 1765, but that is for a 1 peso pattern of the same type.). Pedigreed to the R.L. Lissner Collection (CNG/St James's/Teller auction of August 2014 (lot 1487), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, ½ décimo, 1863, NGC MS 64, ex-Dana Roberts. Restrepo-254; KM-144. Lovely pink toning over cartwheel luster, previously certified by NGC as MS 65 when sold in Heritage in 2011. Pedigreed to the Dana Roberts Collection (Heritage auction of April 2011, lot 23677). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, specimen pattern 50 centavos, 1891, Colombus, lettered edge, unique(?), NGC AU 53, finest and only example in NGC census. Restrepo-P46 var. Bold strike with deep, rich toning contrasting with antique silver high points on the relatively high-relief bust of Columbus, notable for the incuse lettering DIOS LEI LIBERTAD on edge without CASA DE MONEDA per Restrepo-46 (NGC label says "P48 VAR" in reference to an edge-lettered copper pattern instead), in any case currently the only example recorded in the NGC census and the only one we know of in silver (XRF-tested at 95% fine) as opposed to copper. This design (with normal-relief bust) was later adopted for the 1892 coinage commemorating the 400th anniversary of Columbus’ discovery of America. This is an important coin for the Colombian half dollar specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COLOMBIA, Bogotá, proof pattern 20 centavos in .900 silver, 1945-B, rare, PCGS MS65. Restrepo-P164; KM-unl (208.1 for regular issue). Frosty details against mirror-proof fields, a couple tiny spots of reddish toning and several die cracks as seen on others, XRF tested as high silver as opposed to the regular circulation issue in 0.500. (Note: Neither NGC nor PCGS currently recognize this issue as being different from the non-proof issue in 0.500 silver, so it impossible to gauge census rankings). Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, 50 centavos, arms/lion double countermark (Type VII, 1889) on a Medellín, Colombia, 5 décimos, 1882, no CB in countermark, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, c/s AU strong. KM-unl (cf 135.2). Very light pink-and-green toning over muted luster, the full and deep countermark quite rare as lacking the usual CB initials below lion (only three or four known), this likely the finest example of that countermark (and on a scarce host) and consequently of great importance to Costa Rica specialists. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, San José, gold 1 escudo, 1850 JB, NGC MS 61. KM-98; Fr-9. Bright luster with strong details, the centers typically weak but with feathers of native's skirt still discernible. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, San José, gold 1 peso, 1866 GW, large UN, NGC UNC details / cleaned. KM-107.2; Fr-15. Rich gold color, bold details including clashed-dies evidence on both sides, faintly hairlined surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

COSTA RICA, 50 centavos, 1885 GW, without CB, NGC MS 61. KM-124. Attractive light rainbow toning (stronger at rims) with much underlying luster, variety without CB below ribbon (not noted by NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 10 pesos, 1915, José Martí, NGC MS 61. KM-20; Fr-3. Light yellow color with choice cartwheel luster for the assigned grade, with a modicum of bagmarks (AGW 0.4838 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 5 pesos, 1915, José Martí, NGC MS 63. KM-19; Fr-4. Strong cartwheel luster with central halo, rich gold color, minimal bagmarks (AGW 0.2419 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 5 pesos, 1916, José Martí, NGC MS 61. KM-19; Fr-4. Choice rich color with very strong cartwheel luster, minimal bagmarks (AGW 0.2419 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, struck at the Philadelphia mint, gold 1 peso, 1915, José Martí, PCGS MS65. KM-16; Fr-7. Rich gold color, cartwheel luster with central halo, gem grade (AGW 0.0484 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

CUBA, Havana mint, platinum proof 500 pesos, 1993, Fidel Castro 40th Anniversary of Moncada, very rare, NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo, "top pop." KM-605; Fr-79b. 32.41 grams. So mirrored that the fields look like liquid, from a reported mintage of just 18 pieces and tied with three others for finest known in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

CURAÇAO, Dutch administration, matching set of four 25 cents (¼ gulden) cut from Netherlands 1 guldens of Willem I, 1821, each with script-C countermark in circular indent (1838), very rare, ex-Zeeuwse Leeuw. Schoenmaker-1388; Mailliet 2nd Supplement-G.9; Prid-29; KM-27. 10.43 grams total. Four “driekantje” wedges with tooth-cut edges that happen to match up perfectly to form the whole host design (very rare thus), each one well-toned VF or so, with deep XF countermarks, each piece a worthy collectible on its own but such a matched set as this brings to mind the phrase, "the whole is worth more than the sum of its parts." Pedigreed to the Zeeuwse Leeuw Collection (Schulman auction of December 2025, with original lot-tag 126).

DANISH WEST INDIES, Copenhagen mint, 12 skilling, Christian VI, 1740 CW, PCGS AU53. KM-4. Light green-gold toning over muted luster with darker splotches in peripheries, popular type with ship sailing above date and mintmaster Christian Wineke's initials flanking a heart. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DENMARK, Copenhagen Mint, 4 skilling, Christian IV, 1645, "Jehovah," NGC AU 53. KM-133. Bold and lustrous with attractive toning all over, popular low-silver issue with "Jehovah" on reverse in Hebrew writing, very nice for the assigned grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, struck at the Mexico City mint, off-metal proof 10 centavos in silver, 1984, Duarte, rare, NGC PF 66 Ultra Cameo. KM-60a. Mirror cameo with faint speckling on bust, rare silver version of a one-year proof issue from the Mexico City mint (regular is copper-nickel) with a reported mintage of just 100 pieces, featuring the bust of folk hero Juan Pablo Duarte. Please use this link to verify the certification number

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, struck at the Mexico City mint, off-metal proof 1 centavo in silver, 1984, Caonabo, rare, NGC PF 66 Ultra Cameo. KM-64a. Mirror cameo with a couple faint stains (small), rare silver version of a one-year proof issue from the Mexico City mint (regular is copper-plated zinc) with a reported mintage of just 100 pieces, featuring the bust of the Taino cacique Caonabo. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, Quito, gold 8 escudos, 1855/2 GJ, PCGS XF45. Seppa/Anderson-101; KM-34.1; Fr-8. Rich gold color with light red toning in legends, die crack to left of date, wholesome example of a scarce and popular issue. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of January 2008, with original lot-tag 1409. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, struck at the Heaton Mint in Birmingham, 1 sucre, 1884, PCGS AU58. KM-53.1. Bright luster, no toning, light marks in obverse fields but overall desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, struck at the Lima Mint, 2 décimos, 1915 FG, NGC MS 64. KM-51.3. Lovely light toning in rosy rainbow hues over cartwheel luster, currently tied with two others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 65. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ECUADOR, struck in Birmingham, England, gold 1 condor, 1928, PCGS MS63. KM-74; Fr-11. Brightly lustrous in light rose-gold color, minimal bagmarks (AGW 0.2419 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1828 F, LIBERTAD SALV, NGC XF 40 (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Villavicencio-unl (A2/R1); Jovel/Yonaka-Type A; KM-5.1. Darkly toned with traces of original luster, good strike with full rims, desirable pedigree, unlisted combination in Villavicencio. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1828 FP, LIBERTAD SALB, NGC XF 45. Villavicencio-A3b/R1; Jovel/Yonaka-Type D; KM-5.2. Broad flan with full details, mostly lightly toned with a few dark areas here and there. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1829 RL, SALVAD, NGC VF 35 (Richard Stuart Collection Label), Villavicencio Plate. Villavicencio-A2 (this coin); Jovel/Yonaka-Type A; KM-6.2. Richly toned, with full rims but some central weakness, desirable pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection, plated on page 48 of Monedas Provisionales del Estado Del Salvador (2019), by Miguel Villavicencio. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1832 RL, SALVADOR, solid circle, NGC XF 40. Villavicencio-C2b; Jovel/Yonaka-Type D3; KM-11.3. Lightly rainbow toned over muted luster, the legends bold but centers rather weakly struck (in fact more like choice AU in our opinion but net-graded for strike), volcano side off-center. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 2 reales, 1832, SALVADORE, NGC XF 45 (Richard Stuart Collection Label), Jovel/Yonaka Plate. Villavicencio-A2; Jovel/Yonaka-Type C1 (this coin); KM-11.4. Bold strike with choice toning, both sides a bit off-center but fully detailed, desirable pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection, Plate Coin on page 43 of The Provisional Coins of El Salvador in the Central American Federation (2020), by Roberto Jovel and Brad Yonaka. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 1 real, 1835, POR LA LIBERTAD DEL SAL, NGC XF 45 (Richard Stuart Collection Label), Villavicencio Plate, Jovel/Yonaka Plate. Villavicencio-B3 (this coin); Jovel/Yonaka-Type C (this coin); KM-18.9. Full fan with bold details except a few letter-tops in legend, light green-gold toning all over with contrast around details, natural planchet flaw below DEL, desirable pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection, plated on page 101 of Monedas Provisionales del Estado Del Salvador (2019), by Miguel Villavicencio, and Plate Coin on page 70 of The Provisional Coins of El Salvador in the Central American Federation (2020), by Roberto Jovel and Brad Yonaka. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 1 real, 1835, POR LA LIBERTAD DEL SAL, NGC VF 35. Villavicencio-unl (Type C); Jovel/Yonaka-Type B1; KM-18.8. Choice full flan with complete rims and 100% struck-up details, light toned in crevices, slightly grainy fields, die combination not listed in Villavicencio. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, San Salvador, provisional 1 real, 1835, POR LA LIBERTAD DEL SAL, NGC VF 30 (Richard Stuart Collection Label), Villavicencio Plate. Villavicencio-C17 (this coin); Jovel/Yonaka-B1; KM-18.8. Slightly off-center strike on a broad flan with full details, very lightly toned over muted luster, desirable pedigrees. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection, plated on page 107 of Monedas Provisionales del Estado Del Salvador (2019), by Miguel Villavicencio. Please use this link to verify the certification number

EL SALVADOR, 1 real, 1839 volcano countermark (Type III, 1840) on a Lima, Peru, 1 real, 1828 M, very rare, NGC F details / obv scratched, c/s VF standard. KM-36. Lightly toned, with relatively deeply impressed countermark, related test-scratches to left of Liberty (standard for this type), very rare denomination for this scarce countermark. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Lyon mint, gold louis d’or à la tête nui, Louis XIV, 1681-D, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Gad-247; Dupl-1428; KM-219.3; Fr-423. Bold strike with full rims, nice luster, rich gold color, the finest at PCGS with none at NGC, rated R in Gadoury, a very choice coin for this period, characterized by the "Sun King's" growing rivalry with the English in the New World. Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Aix mint, gold louis d'or Mirliton, Louis XV, 1724-&, PCGS AU55. Gad-339; Dupl-1638; KM-470.26; Fr-459. Bold details with nice luster, full but slightly crude rims (as made), same type as from the Chameau shipwreck but not salvaged and a scarce mint (rated R in Gadoury). Please use this link to verify the certification number

FRANCE, Rouen mint, 5 francs, Napoleon I, 1812-B, NGC MS 63. Gad-584; KM-694.2. Choice luster with traces of light toning, minor bagmarks, exemplary grade (currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN NEW GUINEA, Berlin mint, 5 mark, Wilhelm II, 1894-A, Bird of Paradise, NGC MS 64. Jaeger-707; Dav-429; KM-7. Struck in Berlin for Germany’s short-lived Pacific colony, this popular crown-sized issue represents the first year of the German New Guinea series, produced only in 1894 and 1895 during the early phase of Germany’s late 19th century colonial expansion. The obverse features the uniformed bust of Wilhelm II, while the reverse displays the distinctive Bird of Paradise, a rare departure from traditional imperial heraldry and one of the earliest uses of indigenous colonial imagery on a European-made coin. Struck to full German 5 mark standards in .900 fine silver, these coins saw little actual use in the colony and were largely retained as presentation pieces or returned to Europe, contributing to their relatively high survival in upper grades compared to many contemporary crowns. The 1894-A is the scarcer of the two dates and serves as the inaugural issue of the type. With lovely light rainbow toning and much underlying luster, a beautiful example of this classic and highly collectible colonial crown, prized for its exotic design, short series duration, and historical association with Imperial Germany’s Pacific presence. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Augsburg, taler, Franz I, 1765 IT-F(A)H, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Forster-655; Dav-1930; KM-184. Immensely appealing with colorful rainbow toning over bright luster (the obverse with intense magenta to blue morphing to yellow in legend, the reverse with orange transitional to indigo at rim), practically no marks, a phenomenal coin for the period that stands alone atop a current census of fifteen coins at PCGS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Hesse-Cassel, 1/96 taler, Wilhelm V, 1630, NGC MS 61, finest and only example in NGC census. KM-unl. Diminutive coin with neat design featuring a willow tree in a storm (complete with clouds, wind, and thunderbolts, but also with shining sun) inside legend DEO VOLENTE HUMILIS LEVABOR, meaning "With God's will, the humble will be raised," in an attempt to lift spirits during the Thirty Years' War, nicely toned and boldly struck with tall rims, just a little doubled in the legend. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers auction of January 2022 (lot 7034). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Nürnberg, taler, Franz I, 1765 SS-GNR, NGC MS 63. Kellner-341; Dav-2490; KM-347. 28.02 grams. Beautifully rainbow toned over ample luster, with splashes of color ranging from amber to magenta to indigo, truly exceptional in grade, in fact the single second finest at NGC behind a lone MS 64 among a current population of 35 certified. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Brandenburg-Prussia, Berlin mint, taler, Friedrich Wilhelm II, 1790-A, NGC MS 62. Olding-1; Dav-2597; KM-348.1. Bold strike with light toning over luster, one faint adjustment mark on bust, choice grade for this type, tied with one other for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 63. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GERMAN STATES, Schleswig-Holstein-Ploen, Glückstadt mint, 2/3 taler, Johann Adolph, 1690, double-struck, PCGS MS63, finest and only example in PCGS census. Sieg-6; Dav-571; KM-16. 16.08 grams. Frosty luster tinged with faint yellow color, very bold and sharp details in a curiously rotated double-strike but exceptional in grade and visibly much nicer than the Bruun specimen in same grade sold last year. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, Tower mint, gold noble, Edward III, mintmark cross potent (1361-69), NGC MS 64. Sp-1503; North-1232; Fr-95. 7.69 grams. Late issue of Edward III’s iconic noble coinage, struck during England’s ascendancy in the Hundred Years’ War following the Treaty of Brétigny. The obverse depicts the king standing in a ship, emblematic of naval dominance, while the reverse shows the intricate floriated cross, a hallmark of the series. The cross potent mintmark identifies it as a later, more refined phase of production. With rich gold color with sharp detail throughout, aside from minor softness in a small part of the legend, as is typical for hammered coinage, this coin is choice for the type, with strong eye appeal and superior preservation for late medieval gold. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, groat (four pence), Henry VIII, second coinage, mintmark arrow (1526-44), NGC XF 45. Sp-2337E; N-1797. Full details despite slightly off-center strike, darkly toned all over with hints of underlying luster, the face of Henry VIII curiously doubled but well defined. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, Tower mint, London, England, 1 shilling, 1651, mintmark sun, NGC MS 63. Sp-3217; North-2724; KM-390.1. 6.04 grams. Lovely example with colorful rainbow toning over luster, full legends and inner details except for slight weakness near centers, choice grade for this important interregnum issue, in fact second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 64. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, gold unite (20 shillings), Charles II, hammered coinage, first issue, mintmark crown (1660-62), NGC AU 50. Sp-3301; North-2753; KM-415; Fr-275. 9.07 grams. Bold full legends and inner details except for weak spot on ear / top of shield, rich gold color and muted luster (lightly hairlined), slightly undulating flan, overall a desirable example of the popular final hammered issue representing the end of the unite denomination, replaced by the smaller-diameter guinea in 1663. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers auction of January 2023, lot 23173. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, crown, William III, 1695, first bust, first harp, OCTAVO on edge, PCGS MS62. Sp-3470; ESC-87; Dav-3781; KM-486. Superb details with rich rainbow toning over luster, lots of purple-blue color to right of date, scarce and desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, gold guinea, George II, 1759, PCGS MS62, ex-Ruder. Sp-3680; KM-588; Fr-344. Highly lustrous and very choice in strike, the bust particularly bold and well detailed, a far cry from the normal grade seen for this type. Pedigreed to the Lucius S. Ruder Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2025, lot 40494). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, England, gold guinea, George III, 1794, NGC AU 50. Sp-3729; KM-609; Fr-356. Rich gold color with muted luster, only light high-point wear, a nice example of the so-called "spade guinea" in reference to the shape of the arms on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, Bank of England, dollar (4 shillings 9 pence), George III, bust in oval indent countermark (1797) on a Lima, Peru, bust 8 reales, Charles IV, 1795 IJ, PCGS VF35. Sp-3765A; ESC-133; KM-638. Bold AU countermark in the epicenter of a well-toned host with muted luster, an appealing example of this popular type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, Bank of England, half dollar, George III, bust in oval indent countermark (1797) on a Madrid, Spain, bust 4 reales, Charles IV, 1794 MF, PCGS AU50, c/m AU detail. Sp-3767; ESC-611; KM-622.1. Rich original toning over rather muted luster, full and deeply impressed countermark, very attractive example of this popular type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, gold sovereign, William IV, 1836, NGC AU 58. Sp-3829B; KM-717; Fr-383. Choice cartwheel luster that demands a higher grade, rich gold color with faint hints of red toning, faintly hairlined but still probably the nicest sub-MS sovereign you will ever see. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, London, 2 shillings (florin), Victoria, 1859, Gothic Style, NGC MS 65, "top pop." Sp-3891; KM-746.1. Lightly toned over cartwheel luster, very rare gem grade, currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census among a population of sixty entries, popular series with Gothic lettering and date in lower-case Roman numerals and denomination stated as "one tenth of a pound." Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, Bombay mint, trade dollar, Victoria, 1900/890-B, NGC MS 61. KM-T5. Faint golden toning over bright luster with light hairlines, rather scarce in certified MS. (Note: chip in slab.). Pedigreed to the Heritage auction of December 2024 (lot 30194). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GREAT BRITAIN, Bombay mint, trade dollar, Victoria, 1900/890-B, PCGS XF40. KM-T5. Choice contrasting toning, very attractive for the assigned grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1789 M, very rare, PCGS XF40, finest known in PCGS census. JP-4E33; Cal-1446; KM-48; Fr-15. Strong luster for the grade (which seems to be based less on wear than on the weakly struck interiors), with choice red toning in legends, slightly off-center obverse with bust of previous king and ordinal IV/III (standard for this date) not mentioned on label, one of reportedly only eight to ten known of this date, previously certified XF 45 by NGC. Pedigreed to the Heritage auction of January 2017 (lot 34282). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1817 M, rare, NGC AU 58 (Richard Stuart Collection Label). JP-4E40; Cal-1694; KM-73; Fr-23. Superb full luster (nearly prooflike) in light yellow color, faintly hairlined but very choice in strike and preservation, with desirable pedigree to boot, one of the finest known of what is theoretically a three-year type but no examples of the other two dates (1808 and 1811) have ever surfaced. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1801 M, very rare, NGC AU 50 (Richard Stuart Collection Label). JP-unl (cf 1E37); Cal-1080; KM-55; Fr-21. Choice luster for the assigned grade, with frosty details (almost prooflike), but with light hairlines on obverse, clearly not an overdate (unlisted in JP, which only shows 1801/797), the last of a three-year type (1794, 1797, and 1801), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection and the Stack's Bowers auction of August 2017 (lot 21016). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1765 P, NGC VF details / chopmarked. Yonaka-G8.65; JP-8R34; Cal-997; KM-27.1. Attractively toned, with tiny chopmarks on both sides and light graffito below Q, rare key date (R2 in Yonaka, R in JP), an interesting and pretty coin for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1772 P, NGC VF 30. JP-8R41; Cal-1005; KM-36.1. Broad flan with full rims, rich toning (stronger in peripheries) over muted luster, small natural rim-flaw on reverse, first date of type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Guatemala City, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional (bust of Charles IV), 1809 M, PCGS AU55, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Pat Johnson. JP-4R76; Cal-1042; KM-63. grams. Splashy light gray-gold toning over muted luster, weak in center of reverse but otherwise well struck, rare grade for this scarce transitional type. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, struck in Mexico City, 2 reales-sized proclamation medal, Ferdinand VII, 1812, Spanish Constitution, NGC AU 58. JP-MedC9a; Fonrobert-7195; Medina-68; Prober-210; Grove-F67a. 26 mm. Obverse with Constitution (book) inside legend * POR LA CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LAS ESPANAS.; reverse with city arms inside legend * LA CIUD . DE GUATEM . 24 . DE SEPT . DE 1812. A scarce medal issued to celebrate the Spanish Constitution, published in Cádiz in 1812, the example with splashy golden-rainbow toning over luster, slightly off-center strike. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA (Central American Republic), Guatemala City, 8 reales, 1824 M, PCGS AU58. KM-4. Vivid rainbow toning over intense luster, lots of vibrant colors all over, good strike except for die crack at A of REPUBLICA, really has the look of Mint State but with light wear on tree side. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA (Central American Republic), Guatemala City, 8 reales, 1826 M, NGC MS 62. KM-4. Choice luster under rich golden-rainbow toning, well struck on a very slightly out-of-round flan, with extra metal at top-right and bottom-left of 6 of date that could be related to 6/5 overdate, currently tied with two others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 63 among a population of 74 entries without overdate (and matching the finest certified as 1826/5). Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA (Central American Republic), Guatemala City, 8 reales, 1847/6 A, NGC AU 53, ex-Busto. KM-4. Very lightly gray-toned, with some softly struck spots (and piece of extra metal) on tree side but also with full rims and decent luster throughout. Pedigreed to the José Busto Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

GUATEMALA, Quetzaltenango, 8 reales, Type I countermark (1838) on a Potosí, Bolivia, cob 8 reales, 1738 M, rare, PCGS F details / plugged, c/m VF detail. KM-77.3 (host: S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1576). 26.20 grams. Crude countermark (triple-struck and only partially visible) on right arm of nearly full cross of worn host with full pillars, two dates, contrasting toning in crevices, plugged hole at bottom of pillars. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HAITI, struck at the Paris Mint, proof 1 gourde, 1881, very rare, PCGS PR66, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Moore. KM-46. Choice reflective surfaces with frosty details (formerly certified PR66 Cameo by NGC) splashed with light but pretty rainbow toning, wispy polish lines throughout but no more than two minuscule bagmarks, fully detailed strike. Struck at the Monnaie de Paris as part of Haiti’s effort to reestablish a stable decimal monetary system and restore confidence in its national economy, this impressive silver crown represents the inaugural issue of the modern Gourde coinage. Engraved by Louis-Oscar Roty, among the most accomplished French artists of the period, in collaboration with Laforesterie, the obverse features a finely modeled bust of the Republic, rendered in a naturalistic style that departs from classical Liberty imagery and instead conveys a distinctly national character. No documented model exists for the portrait, which should be understood as an allegorical representation of Haiti rather than an identifiable individual. The reverse presents the full national arms, centered on the palm tree surmounted by the Phrygian cap of liberty and surrounded by cannons, flags, drums, and munitions, a powerful visual statement of independence achieved in 1804. The motto L’UNION FAIT LA FORCE reinforces the ideological foundation of unity and sovereignty. The composition is notably bold and martial, reflecting the unique historical context of Haiti’s emergence as the first independent Black republic. Proof strikings were produced only at the inception of the series and were not continued as a regular issue. These were presentation pieces of very limited manufacture, with approximately twenty examples believed extant today, placing the issue among the rarer Proof crown-sized coins of the late nineteenth century. The present specimen displays the sharp detail and precision expected of a Proof striking, with reflective qualities remaining in the fields and attractive natural toning throughout. A historically important and seldom encountered issue, combining strong artistic execution with significant economic and political context. This coin stands alone as the only PF66 at the top of a handful of certified proofs for this highly sought crown series—better than anything in Eliasberg, Millennia, Norweb, you name it—and as such it represents a truly unparalleled trophy piece for the consummate collector of American crowns and the Caribbean. Featured on front cover of printed catalog. Pedigreed to the D. Moore Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number Click here to access the full digital flipbook catalog 39

HONDURAS (under Mexican Empire), Tegucigalpa, 2 reales, Iturbide, 1823 MP, very rare, PCGS VG details / holed. Stickney-C86; KM-12.1. Fascinating issue struck in Honduras while under Mexican rule (Empire of Iturbide) using the old Spanish colonial cross-lions-castles design for the reverse plus the new Mexican eagle-on-cactus motif for the obverse, the former well detailed with bold date but the latter crude and off-center, holed at bottom of cross, very lightly toned, a very rare one-year type for which KM says six to seven are known, of which we can trace only three (including this one). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, low-silver provisional 4 reales, 1851 G, wider date, NGC AU 53 (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Stickney-C268; KM-20a. Broad flan with nearly full (but typically crude) rims despite slightly off-center obverse, nice contrast from brightly silvered fields and darker high points, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, copper-lead alloy provisional 8 reales, 1859 FL, PROVICIONAL error, NGC F 12 BN (Richard Stuart Collection Label), finest and only example in NGC census. Stickney-C269; KM-21a. Typically very crude strike with only about 60% of the details discernible including—fortunately—a full date and denomination 8, plus most of the tree and sun and mountains, rich copper color with some dark definition around details, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, struck at the Paris Mint, copper-nickel proof pattern essai 1 real, 1869, E below date, very rare, NGC PF 62, ex-Whittier. Stickney-unl; KM-Pn9. Bold strike, with light golden toning over luster, from a series of essais for a new copper-nickel coinage that ended in failure, replaced by dismal bronze issues, the original patterns like this being quite rare with only a few known. Pedigreed to the Whittier Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, struck at the Paris Mint, copper-nickel 1 real, 1870-A, PCGS MS64. Stickney-C278; KM-33. Cartwheel luster but typically low in contrast, choice grade, short two-year type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, struck at the Paris Mint, copper-nickel proof pattern 2 reales, President Medina, 1870-TASSET, PCGS SP63. Stickney-C279; KM-Pn11. Faintly toned over reflective fields and slightly frosty details with a few small dark spots here and there, decent grade for this popular pattern series of denominations that were never adopted, also noteworthy for its obverse legend recognizing Captain-General and President José Maria Medina (who was executed in 1878). Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, struck at the Paris Mint, nickel proof pattern 1 real, President Medina, 1870-TASSET, ANACS PF62. Stickney-C279; KM-Pn10. Frosty details and mirror fields with faint traces of golden toning, no marks or flaws, from a popular pattern series of denominations that were never adopted, also noteworthy for its obverse legend recognizing Captain-General and President José Maria Medina (who was executed in 1878).

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, gold 5 pesos, 1908/888, very rare, NGC MS 61. Stickney-unl (C320 for type, overdate not listed); KM-53; Fr-6. Strong details with tall rims and no marks or wear that we can tell, one of fewer than seven examples known in any grade, of which just three others have been seen in recent decades (Eliasberg, Richard Stuart, and one in Europe), this one the second finest of just three in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, gold 1 peso, 1871, mule with Liberty head obverse, rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, "top pop." Stickney-C318; KM-39; Fr-unl. Rare and curious one-year muling (unlisted in Friedberg) showing the ensuing Liberty head obverse with the previous reverse arms design (note KM and NGC refer to these sides oppositely), typically crude and light in color yet with full rims and interior details, also in top grade as tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, gold 1 peso, 1889, very rare, PCGS AU58, "top pop." Stickney-C317; KM-56; Fr-7. Bold strike with tall rims, nice luster on light yellow surfaces, the fields faintly hairlined, a very rare date that does not appear in previous editions of KM and rates as "rare" in Friedberg, one of reportedly five known and just two at PCGS, both in AU58, bettered only by the Richard Stuart specimen in lofty MS 66 grade at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, gold 1 peso, 1901, rare, NGC AU details / mount removed (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Stickney-C317; KM-56; Fr-7. Strong details despite polishing that has imparted a bright luster, the reverse still quite sharp, listed in Stickney as "reported but unconfirmed" but we note eight entries in the NGC census, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 1 peso, 1891/89, PCGS AU50. Stickney-C315; KM-52. Nice luster and good details for this usually weakly struck type, the rims particularly strong. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 1 peso, 1892/0, NGC AU 53. Stickney-C315; KM-52. Very rich rainbow toning (mostly dark orange) with muted luster, fully detailed strike including bold overdate. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 1 peso, 1893/1, rare, NGC VF details / cleaned. Stickney-C315; KM-52. Typically weakly struck but with full rims, a few small marks and dark speckles in addition to surface hairlines, but the all-important overdate quite clear (key to the series, missing in many strong collections). Note: the slab has a chip on its top border. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 50 centavos, 1897/87, P above exergue line, rare, NGC F details / surface hairlines (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Stickney-unl (C312 for type); KM-51. Nicely toned, with a bit of wear but mostly just weakly struck (the hairlines immaterial at this level), but most important feature is the extra P below the pedestal, just to the left of the engraver's name FRENER, of which none appear in the NGC census for this date (this one labeled without the P or the overdate), also not mentioned in Stickney, but surely the reason Stuart included it in his celebrated collection despite its grade. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 25 centavos, 1910, fineness 0.835/0.900, extremely rare, PCGS VF details / cleaned, finest and only example in PCGS census. Stickney-C309; KM-unl (50a for type). Exceptional rarity. First known auction offering of this date. Important first chance for collectors. Contrastingly toned, with bold rims, some wear but mostly weakly struck, yet with clear date and over-fineness, this date missing in KM but listed in Stickney as "possibly unique" from a mintage of 745 coins (other reports say 340), this being the first example we have ever seen or heard of, the only one at PCGS with none at NGC, and a very important coin for the Honduras specialist. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 10 centavos, 1871, PCGS VF30. Stickney-C302; KM-35. Light gray toning all over, no problems, a scarce and important one-year type engraved by the assistant engraver of the U.S. Mint, William H. Key, and not struck until 1879-80, after a conflict with El Salvador had resulted in the temporary capture of the dies and mint machinery from Philadelphia, also curiously struck in 0.835 fine silver as opposed to the 0.900 stated on the coins. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, 5 centavos, 1885, NGC AU 55 (Richard Stuart Collection Label). Stickney-C300; KM-48. Very light rainbow toning over muted luster, with bold details and tall rims, clashed dies on both sides, scarce in high grade (one of just two in the NGC census), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, Tegucigalpa, bronze ½ centavo, 1889, PCGS AU58, finest known in PCGS census. Stickney-C283; KM-45. Bold strike with fully detailed rims, traces of original color and luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

HONDURAS, struck at the Philadelphia Mint, bronze 1 centavo de lempira, 1939, PCGS MS66 Brown, "top pop." Stickney-C324; KM-77.1. Choice luster with lovely purple toning and traces of original bright copper, currently tied with two others for finest in the PCGS census with just one finer in MS 67 at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

ITALIAN STATES, Milan (under Spain), 1 filippo, Charles II, 1666. Dav-4004; KM-78. 27.37 grams. Scarce and curious issue with bust of young Charles II superimposed over larger bust of his mother Mariana (his regent, widow of Philip IV), VF with choice contrasting toning, full details including legends, no major flaws.

ITALIAN STATES, Kingdom of Sicily, Messina or Palermo, gold 1 tari d'oro, Roger II (1105-1154), NGC MS 62. MEC-201; Fr-632 or 877. 1.20 grams. Light yellow color, uneven strike but most details bold, historical piece from the time of crusading Norman kings in southern Italy. Please use this link to verify the certification number

JAMAICA, British Administration, 1 shilling 8 pence, George III, "GR" double countermark (1758) on a Lima, Peru, pillar 2 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1757/6 JM, PCGS VF35, ex-Margolis. Prid-6; KM-4.5. Deeply rainbow toned with bright gold or aqua accents in luster around some details, popular type. Pedigreed to the Richard Margolis Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 74163). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1748 MF, A/E in NOMINA, NGC AU details / rev spot removed. Cal-781; KM-150; Fr-17. Very bold strike with choice full rims, light red toning over luster, trace of obverse die-buckling, scratches to right of N of MAGNA, also with clear A/E at end of NOMINA (first we have seen of that error, not mentioned on NGC label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles III, 1788 FM, mintmark and assayer upright, NGC AU 55. Cal-2000; KM-156.1a; Fr-33. Broad flan with full rims, decent luster for the assigned grade, slightly weakly struck in centers. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 4 escudos, Philip V, 1735 MF, rare, NGC AU 58. Cal-2038; KM-135; Fr-9. Choice luster with light red toning, strong strike with full and tall rims, rare and desirable early type with reverse like the pillar dollar design in silver, currently tied with one other for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 63+. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1776 FM, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-333; KM-142.2; Fr-34. Choice strike with full rims, lovely red toning in legends and around details, small black spot at assayer, the only example at PCGS and finer than any at NGC, popular date for U.S. collectors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1797 FM, PCGS AU50, finest known in PCGS census, ex-August, ex-Shipley. Cal-1492; KM-144; Fr-44. Nice luster for the assigned grade, with areas of bright red toning here and there, minor rim-flaw at 3 o'clock on reverse. Pedigreed to the Richard August Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2025, lot 41329) and the Jim Shipley Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 4 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1814 HJ, rare, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1724; KM-146; Fr-54. Spectacular luster for the assigned grade, somewhat prooflike with frosty details exhibiting only light high-point wear, faint surface hairlines, choice example of this desirable first year of generally rare type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Philip V, 1746 MF, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1915; KM-unl (124 for type); Fr-10. Light yellow color, bold strike with luster at the nearly full rims, scarce type (this date only listed as 1746/5 in KM), the finest at PCGS with none above AU 53 at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1757 MM, PCGS XF45, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-659; KM-127; Fr-23. Sharp full details, muted luster, dark sediment in part of reverse legend, first date of a scarce three-year type with large bust. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1776 FM, PCGS AU50, "top pop." Cal-1599; KM-130.2. Nice luster inside full rims, well-detailed strike, currently tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census, popular date for U.S. collectors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1783/2 FF, PCGS XF45, "top pop." Cal-unl (Type 153); KM-unl (130.2 for type); Fr-35. Full rims with strong luster for the assigned grade, only light marks and wear, scarce overdate (unlisted in Calicó and KM), currently tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census, with the finest at NGC just VF 20. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1786 FM, PCGS XF45. Cal-1611; KM-130.2a; Fr-35. Light yellow color, broad flan with full rims, bright luster throughout (looks AU), second finest in PCGS census behind a single AU 53 (one finer at NGC, none in Mint State). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1793/2 FM, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1325; KM-unl (132 for type); Fr-45. Rosy gold color with muted luster, full rims, traces of dark sediment in crevices, weakly struck centers as usual, scarce overdate (unlisted in KM), the finest at PCGS with just one finer in AU 53 at NGC (none in Mint State). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1801 FT, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1335; KM-132; Fr-45. Broad flan with choice full rims, rosy gold color with light toning, not much luster, scarce date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Philip V, 1746/5 MF, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1767; KM-113; Fr-11. Bold strike with contrasting toning in legends, muted luster on fields, trace of die-buckling on obverse, scarce type and overdate, this example the finest known at PCGS with just one finer at NGC in AU 53 (none in Mint State). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1763 MM, rare, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Caballero. Cal-1378; KM-117; Fr-32. Strong details with full rims despite slightly off-center strike, areas of choice red toning, second (larger) Charles III bust design popularly known as the "rat nose" type, only two finer at NGC (none in Mint State), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Caballero de la Yndias Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of April 2009 (lot 385). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1768 MF, rare, PCGS XF45, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1383; KM-117; Fr-32. Very lightly toned over muted luster, lovely aspect for this rare second ("rat nose") Charles III bust design, the finest of this date at either PCGS or NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III ("rat nose" bust), 1770 MF, rare, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1385; KM-117; Fr-32. Bold full details including rims, muted luster with minimal toning, choice example of this rare second ("rat nose") Charles III bust design, and the finest of this date at either PCGS or NGC (none in Mint State). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1773 FM/MF, rare, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Eliasberg, ex-Clapp. Cal-unl (Type 133); KM-unl (118.1 for type); Fr-36. Choice luster with traces of red toning, bold full rims and sharp details, one of just two known in this top grade (this one at PCGS and one at NGC, none in Mint State) for this rare over-assayer issue that is unlisted in Calicó and KM. Pedigreed to the Eliasberg Collection (American Numismatic Rarities auction of April 2005 (lot 3155), stated on label, and to the John H. Clapp Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1776 FM, inward-facing mintmark and assayer, PCGS AU55, "top pop," ex-August. Cal-1394; KM-118.2; Fr-36. Light yellow color with ample luster, bold full rims, minor marks and natural flan-warp, popular date for U.S. collectors, currently tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census, with only two finer at NGC. Pedigreed to the Richard August Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of August 2025, lot 41316). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles III, 1784/3 FM/FF, PCGS AU details / scratch. Cal-1403; KM-118.2; Fr-36. Sharp details and full rims, muted luster, light red toning in legends, one staple scratch in front of neck, scarce overdate and over-assayer that is FM/FF and not FM/F as stated on the label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1792 MF, PCGS AU50. Cal-1123; KM-120; Fr-46. Flashy, nearly prooflike luster with frosty details (the centers weakly struck and full rims, more like AU 58 in our opinion, quite pretty overall. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1796 FM, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1128; KM-120; Fr-46. Full rims and bold details except for weak centers, muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1797 FM, PCGS AU details / cleaned. Cal-1129; KM-120; Fr-46. Sharp full details and rims with good luster and light yellow color, surface hairlines on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1801 FT, PCGS AU58. Cal-1133; KM-120; Fr-46. Choice luster and bold full details including rims, small red patches and slightly weak center on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1733 MF, small crown, rare, NGC AU 50. Yonaka-M8-33D2; Cal-1439; KM-103. Bold strike with full rims, deep rainbow toning over muted luster, minimal marks and just light, honest wear, overall a very respectable example of this rare and popular second year of issue. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1735 MF, enameled with British hallmarks in the 1800s. Yonaka-M8.35; Cal-1443; KM-103. 26.17 grams. A true work of numismatic art, with every detail of the coin enhanced by gilding and highlighted in red and green enameling against fields of deep blue-green, with small hallmarks (including a lion) stamped in the field above the crowned globes, with a thick clear coat to protect it all, just the rims exposed, impossible to grade but appears to be AU details, a unique and beautiful jewel.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1737 MF. Yonaka-M8.37; KM-103; Cal-1446. 26.70 grams. Richly toned and problem-free XF on a slightly out-of-round flan (as made), light marks only.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1738/7 MF. Yonaka-M8.38a; KM-103; Cal-1448. 26.63 grams. Frosty UNC with matte areas mixed with bright luster, corrosion at rims, covering part of a single chopmark to left of pillars, bold overdate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1740 MF, PCGS MS62, ex-Espinola. Yonaka-M8.40; KM-103; Cal-1456. Deeply rainbow toned with the reverse exhibiting a ring of bright blue around the shield, full rims, choice grade (among the top 10% of any certified examples). Pedigreed to the Espinola Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1741 MF. Yonaka-M8.41; KM-103; Cal-1458. 26.88 grams. Deeply rainbow-toned XF with hints of luster, no problems.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1743 MF. Yonaka-M8.43; KM-103; Cal-1463. 26.70 grams. Bold XF with light rainbow toning over muted luster, weak rims, minor planchet flaw below E of QUE and scratches above assayer on other side.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1744 MF, NGC AU 58. Yonaka-M8.44; KM-103; Cal-1466. Well struck and problem-free, with light toning over muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1745 MF, NGC MS 63, ex-Espinola. Yonaka-M8.45; KM-103; Cal-1468. Very bold and frosty, with nearly full rims and strong details all over, decent luster, choice grade. Pedigreed to the Espinola Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1745 MF. Yonaka-M8.45; Cal-1468; KM-103. 26.82 grams. Problem-free XF+ with light purplish toning all over (stronger around details), parts of rims crude (as made) but with very nice aspect overall.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Philip V, 1747 MF, PCGS MS61. Yonaka-M8.47; KM-103; Cal-1472. Bold details with very light rainbow toning that intensifies in center of reverse and to right on obverse, natural rim-flaw at VTRA, muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1750 MF, NGC MS 61, ex-Tan. Yonaka-M8.50; KM-104.1; Cal-474. Frosty white with luster, bold strike, parts of rims crude, slight die-buckling above crowned shield, still desirable grade and pedigree. Pedigreed to the Patrick Tan Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1750 MF, NGC AU 50. Yonaka-M8.50; KM-104.1; Cal-474. Evenly gray-toned, bold strike with good rims, looks higher grade in terms of wear but without luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1751 MF. Yonaka-M8.51; KM-104.1; Cal-475. 26.53 grams. Bold AXF with choice toning around details, pillars side slightly off-center, no problems.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1752 MF, NGC AU 58. Yonaka-8R.52; KM-104.1; Cal-477. Gorgeous deep-rainbow toning all over, with golden-red halos over luster in legends, nice strike and rims, a very attractive coin worth a premium beyond the assigned grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1753 MF. Yonaka-M8.53; KM-104.1; Cal-479. 26.82 grams. Bold XF+ with attractive toning, good strike and rims, no problems.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1759 MM, PCGS AU53. Yonaka-M8.59; KM-104.2; Cal-495. Lustrous and well struck with just a hint of golden toning, smallish flan but full rims nonetheless, looks more like AU58 in our estimation. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1760 MM. Yonaka-M8.60; KM-104.2; Cal-497. 26.97 grams. Bold XF with toning around details, traces of luster but also hairlines from old cleaning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1769 MF, NGC AU 58, ex-Tan. Yonaka-M8.69; KM-105; Cal-1095. Choice luster for the assigned grade, with light golden toning all over, a modicum of small marks, good strike with full rims, slight die-buckling. Pedigreed to the Patrick Tan Collection (CNG Triton auction of January 2011, lot 1616). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1770 FM. Yonaka-M8.70b; KM-105; Cal-1101. 27.06 grams. Lightly cleaned XF with traces of toning around details, slightly off-center strike but rims still full.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar 8 reales, Charles III, 1770 FM. Yonaka-M8.70b; KM-105; Cal-1101. 26.78 grams. Well-centered XF+ with amazingly vivid rainbow toning on pillars side, consisting of bright magenta below waves and aqua-violet all the way up, traces of same colors on reverse.

MEXICO, Mexico City, pillar ½ real, Ferdinand VI, 1754 M, PCGS MS63 (Old Green Label), finest known in PCGS census. Yonaka-M05.50; KM-67.1; Cal-83. Very bold details with faint rainbow toning over choice luster, 100% full rims, a small trophy that has been the finest at PCGS for quite a while (tied with finest at NGC), could be higher grade by today's standards. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776 FM. Yonaka-M8.76; Cal-1110; KM-106.2. 26.66 grams. Cleaned and re-toned AU- with light abrasions, a few small rim-flaws on reverse, popular date for U.S. collectors.

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1783 FF, PCGS AU58. Yonaka-M8.83; KM-106.2; Cal-1124. Very flashy with brilliant luster, incipient orange toning at bottom edge, good strike with full rims, faintly hairlined. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788 FM, NGC MS 61. Yonaka-M8.88; KM-106.2a; Cal-1132. Flashy and bright with luster, frosty details (nearly prooflike), full rims, faint hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1812 HJ. Yonaka-M8.112; KM-111; Cal-1319. 26.97 grams. AU with light golden toning and ample luster, faint surface hairlines from old cleaning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1815 JJ, NGC AU 58. Yonaka-M8.115; KM-111; Cal-1329. Bright luster and frosty details, slight central weakness but full rims, light surface hairlines. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1816 JJ. Yonaka-M8.116; KM-111; Cal-1331. 27.10 grams. Choice luster with deeply toned rims (full but partially weak), AU+ with light surface hairlines.

MEXICO, Mexico City, bust ½ real, Ferdinand VII transitional ("armored" bust), 1808 TH, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census. Yonaka-M05.108-VII; KM-73; Cal-389. Very bold strike with very light rainbow toning over luster, rare and choice grade (currently the finest by two whole points, nothing even close at PCGS). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guadalajara, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1821 FS, plain bust, NGC AU details / removed from jewelry. Ramírez-Ga8E.11.3 var; Cal-1748; KM-161.1; Fr-53. Well-centered strike with full rims and strong details except for center of shield (variety with five fleurs in diagonal rows in upper-right quadrant, unlisted in Ramírez), a little polished and with light marks (including prong marks) but overall decent quality for this scarce and desirable one-year type from the War of Independence period. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Durango, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 CG. Ramírez-D8.11.2; Cal-1199; KM-111.2. 26.88 grams. AU- with attractive rainbow toning, off-center strike with natural flaw at top of shield and small rim-flaw on that side as well, variety with bust B and crown B but normal legends (per Ramírez).

MEXICO, Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 MR. Ramírez-Ga8.4.1; Cal-1206; KM-111.3. 26.70 grams. Broad but slightly out-of-round flan (as made) with good luster, faint toning around details, slightly weak centers per the type, cleaned AXF, variety with five jewels in crown.

MEXICO, Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821/22 FS. Ramírez-Ga8.11.5; Cal-1212; KM-111.3. 26.91 grams. Very deeply rainbow-toned AXF with muted luster, clear overdate (21/22, not just 21/2 as stated in Calicó and KM), fully detailed strike with complete rims.

MEXICO, Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 FS. Ramírez-Ga8.11.2; Cal-1210; KM-111.3. 26.65 grams. Broad flan with full rims, faint rainbow toning over luster, XF with minor marks and hairlines.

MEXICO, Guadalajara, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 FS. Ramírez-Ga8.11.2; Cal-1210; KM-111.3. 27.11 grams. XF with very bold full rims, deeply toned (especially the obverse), a few small marks and rim-bumps, weakly struck at top of shield.

MEXICO, Morelos, Type A countermark on a cast counterfeit Mexico City, Mexico, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("armored" bust), 1810 HJ. KM-265.2 for type (host: KM-110; Cal-1314). 25.93 grams. Nearly full XF countermark on bust of crude Fine host cast in good silver (XRF tested at about 95% silver and 5% copper), host date unlisted in KM, no toning but decent contrast nonetheless.

MEXICO, Sombrerete, Vargas, 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, (1811), large VARGAS, rare, NGC F 12. Ramírez-S8.1.2; Cal-1426; KM-177. Typically crude, the obverse about 80% flat (as made, date in center not visible) with clear S between pillars to left and 3 at bottom, reverse center also flat but with full R . CAXA . DE SOMBRERETE legend and 8-R in periphery, date not visible but determined by style of crown (slabbed by NGC as 1812), adjustment marks at top, nicely toned. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Sombrerete, Vargas, 1 real, Ferdinand VII, 1812, rare, NGC XF details / cleaned. Ramírez-S1.2.1; Cal-685; KM-173. Off-center strike but with mostly bold details enhanced by contrasting toning, particularly strong king's name, denomination, and date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Zacatecas, provisional bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII ("armored" bust), 1811. Ramírez-Z8.1.3; Cal-1148; KM-191. 26.30 grams. Typically uneven and deficient strike with much flatness but clear king's ordinal and denomination, just the very top tips of 811 of date discernible, hard to grade but we estimate VF, with light rainbow toning over muted luster, scarce two-year type.

MEXICO, Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 RG, NGC MS 63. Ramírez-Z8.11.1 var; Cal-1465; KM-111.5. Flashy luster and sharp full details including 100% rims, no toning, faint wisps in obverse fields, choice grade, variety with bust C and crown A but no errors or overdate. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821 RG, no stops on reverse, extremely rare, NGC XF details / surface hairlines, Ramírez Plate. Ramírez-Z8.11.1e (this coin); Cal-unl (cf 1465); KM-unl (111.5 for type). Bold strike with tall rims (nearly full), very light rainbow toning over luster, dramatic error (first example we have seen) that NGC emphasized by slabbing it with the reverse out. Plate Coin on page 212 of Coins of Mexican War of Independence (2021), by Juan Felipe Ramírez. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Zacatecas, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1821/81 RG, NGC VF 25. Ramírez-Z8.11.1c; Cal-1469; KM-111.5. Nicely toned over smooth surfaces (cleaned long ago), tall but incomplete rims dues to slightly off-center strike, weak centers as usual (arguably XF otherwise). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 peso, Maximilian, 1866, NGC MS 61. KM-388.1. Deeply rainbow toned (mostly rosy orange, with tinges of blue), desirable grade of a popular type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Culiacán, gold 8 escudos, 1869 CE, NGC XF 45. KM-383.2; Fr-66. Rich gold color with luster at rims (bold), typical central strike weakness, tougher date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Guanajuato, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1858 PF, NGC AU 58. DP-Go42; KM-377.8. Bright and flashy with luster, no toning, light bagmarks, could be MS 61 on a better day. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1862 CH, NGC MS 62. DP-Mo50; KM-377.10. Bright and flashy with luster, no toning, minimal bagmarks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1863 TH, PCGS MS65 (Old Green Label). DP-Mo52; KM-377.10. Vividly rainbow toned with lots of purple, red, and blue coloration over choice luster, no marks, very rare Gem grade (none finer at NGC, single second finest behind a lone MS 66 in the PCGS census) that was assigned long ago (gen-2.2 tag dating to 1989-90), a beautiful showpiece for a high-end collection. Featured on front cover of printed catalog. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1878 MH, PCGS MS62. DP-Mo63; KM-377.10. Blast white with brilliant luster, small black spot on obverse rim, desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Zacatecas, cap-and-rays 8 reales, 1840 OM, NGC AU 58. DP-Zs20; KM-377.13. Broad flan with full rims, speckled rainbow toning over muted luster. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, San Luis Potosí, cap-and-rays ½ real, 1854 MC, ANACS MS 63. KM-370.10. Bright cartwheel luster with frosty details (nearly prooflike), softly struck Liberty cap but otherwise sharp, looks higher grade.

MEXICO, Guanajuato, 5 centavos, 1886 R, ICG MS 67. KM-398.5. Cartwheel luster with very faint toning, vertical die-crack on reverse, scarce grade.

MEXICO, Chihuahua, 1 peso, 1915 FM, NGC MS 61, ex-Busto. KM-619. Light rainbow toning over muted luster, with blue peripheries around amber-gold centers, slightly crude rims, desirable grade for this popular revolutionary issue struck in the name of the famous "Army of the North," the largest revolutionary force ever assembled in the Americas, led by the iconic hero Pancho Villa. Pedigreed to the José Busto Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, "caballito" peso, 1910, NGC MS 62. KM-453. Blast white with cartwheel luster, light bagmarks, no toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, "caballito" peso, 1910. KM-453. 27.09 grams. Lightly bagmarked MS (problem-free) with cartwheel luster, small areas of brown toning at/near rims.

MEXICO, Mexico City, copper-nickel pattern 1 peso, 1986, PCGS SP66, "top pop." KM-unl (cf Pn235); PL-63F. Bright and smooth, rare not just for its Gem grade (tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census) but also for the copper-nickel composition (most are stainless steel), first example we have seen and likely of interest to modern Mexican specialists. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, ½ philip daalder, Philip II, 1587, rare. Vanhoudt 364AN; Delm-53. 16.87 grams. Choice XF with muted luster on silvery fields with brown-toned details, rated R. 2 in Delmonte.

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, 1 patagon, Philip IV, 1632, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census. Vanhoudt-645; Delm-293; Dav-4462; KM-53.1. Beautifully toned with rainbow colors over luster in places, particularly sharp shield, highly desirable as the finest certified. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, portrait ducatoon, Philip IV, 1638, NGC AU 58, "top pop." Dav-4454; KM-72.1. Broad flan with 100% full details and good luster for the assigned grade, traces of blue toning at rims, currently tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (Spanish), Brabant, Antwerp mint, portrait ducatoon, Charles II, 1676, NGC MS 61, finest and only example in NGC census. Delm-325; Dav-4475; KM-79.1. Immense flan with very bold details for the type, rich golden toning over luster throughout, a very choice example whose top grade is only half the story. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Gelderland, "lion" daalder, 1638, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Delm-825; CNM-2.17.107; Dav-4849; KM-15.1. Choice luster with very light rainbow toning, full details despite typical central softness, top certified grade (finest at PCGS and tied with single finest at the same grade at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Campen, "lion" daalder, 1648, NGC MS 64, "top pop." Dav-4879; KM-42.2. Bold strike with sharp details (rare for this type), choice luster, rare top grade (currently tied with five others for finest in the NGC census). Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Holland, gold ducat, 1776. Delm-775; KM-12.3; Fr-250. 3.51 grams. AU with good luster but a few light marks, popular date for U.S. collectors.

NETHERLANDS (United), Utrecht, gold 14 gulden (golden rider), 1761. Delm-970; KM-104; Fr-242. 9.96 grams. Very sharp AU in rich gold color but lightly polished surfaces as removed from a mount (solder-marks on edge), desirable type.

NETHERLANDS (United), Utrecht, "rider" ducatoon, 1791, PCGS AU58. Delm-1031; Dav-1832; KM-92.1. Deeply toned (low contrast) with choice details but practically no luster, rare grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Westfriesland, 3 gulden, 1795, NGC MS 63. Dav-1853; KM-9.4. Bold strike with muted luster but vivid rainbow toning around details (especially on reverse), choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS (United), Utrecht, 1 gulden, 1794, PCGS MS64. CNM-2.43.121; Delm-1182; KM-102.3. Flashy white with brilliant cartwheel luster, no toning, bold strike with minor die-cracks, choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES, Batavian Republic, 1 gulden, 1802, PCGS MS62. KM-83; Sch-488b. Popular design with sailing ship on obverse, lovely light rainbow toning over muted luster, minor die-cracks, desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NICARAGUA, León, 1 real, liberty cap countermark (1824-25) on a Tegucigalpa, Honduras, provisional "imitation cob" 1 real, 1824-PMPY, retrograde lions, very rare, NGC XF 45, c/s XF standard (Richard Stuart Collection Label), finest known in NGC census. Jara-pp. 33-34; KM-unl. 3.14 grams. Full and clear countermark on cross side of well-struck host (oblong flan) with 100% full cross and pillars including two dates, all with lovely golden toning over luster, clearly the finest known of a very rare type that has fetched well into five figures in the past, additionally important for its pedigree to the Richard Stuart Collection that was dispersed a decade ago, hence now is a rare second chance to acquire such a trophy from this prestigious collection. Pedigreed to the Richard Stuart Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

NICARAGUA, Granada, 10 centavos, arms countermark (1870) on a contemporary counterfeit Potosí, Bolivia, cob 1 real, Philip V or Louis I, assayer Y, with El Salvador arms countermark (Type V, 1869) on other side, unique. KM-unl (KM-46 for El Salvador host). 3.11 grams. Central America experienced persistent shortages of official coinage in the mid- to late 1800s, causing old Spanish colonial silver cobs to remain in active circulation. Governments periodically legalized these coins by decree and by applying countermarks to confirm their value in local commerce. In Nicaragua, executive monetary regulations formally recognized and addressed the continued use of irregular silver coinage and diverse foreign and colonial coins and established official values for them within the national accounting system. By a decree on July 1, 1861, public treasury offices were ordered to regulate and record the circulation of silver cobs and pass them for their equivalent values in the new decimal system; but this was not actually implemented until another decree on May 16, 1870, that specifically established an official exchange equivalence in centavos. In the case of cobs (which were well worn by then), this was done via countermarking, as modern milled coins were easily convertible. This circular countermark is in the form of the arms of Nicaragua, with flags around and wreath below a triangular emblem containing a sun-over-volcanoes design. In El Salvador, comparable reforms took place in the prior year, by decree of April 7, 1869, regulating the cob coinage (mostly in the 1-real denomination) and stabilizing circulation, resulting in the well-known Type V series of countermarks. The present coin represents the practical outcome of both of these regulations. A Spanish colonial cob 1 real remained in circulation long after its original minting and was successively validated under the monetary systems of two different Central American republics. Such cross-border circulation with separate governmental validation is extremely rare. The present example is an unrecorded and presumably unique pairing of these two countermarks on the same host cob, Nicaragua (AU details) on the cross side and El Salvador (Fine details) on the pillars side, with just a hint of original cob design remaining, including assayer Y and second digit 7 of date above waves. From XRF testing we know the coin is about 38% silver and 61% copper, yet it looks like good silver, just with light golden toning. It stands to reason that a well-circulated contemporary counterfeit of correct weight and design was not even given a second look before both countermarks were applied. With NGC tag: "not encapsulated - plated".

PANAMA, 1 real, countermark P on a Burgos, Spain, 1 real of Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer scallop at top, mintmark B below yoke on reverse, rare. Host: López de la Fuente-F1.4.2.5; Cal-301. 3.08 grams. Very deeply impressed full countermark (incuse) on shield, the host with complete legends and inner details, VF with toning in crevices, a desirable example of this rare and uncataloged countermark issue.

PANAMA, 1 real, countermark P on a Burgos, Spain, 1 real of Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer scallop at top, mintmark B below yoke on reverse, rare. Host: López de la Fuente-F1.4.2; Cal-301. 3.10 grams. Very deep but somewhat indistinct countermark (incuse) on right side of shield, the host toned Fine with slightly uneven strike and atypically doubled bottom part of shield above an edge-split, exact variety unclear, rare and popular countermark (uncataloged).

PANAMA, 1 real, countermark P on a Bruges, Spanish Netherlands, 1 real of Philip I and Joanna of Spain, 1505, very rare. Host: Vanhoudt-197BG; Tauler-32. 2.97 grams. Crusty but certain countermark (incuse) on an AVF host with toning in crevices, clear date 1505 in legend, first example of this rare and uncataloged countermark we have seen on this Spanish Netherlands host that is contemporary with the Ferdinand-Isabel issues of Spain proper.

PANAMA, proof set of five denominations (1c, 5c; 1/10, ¼, ½ balboa), 1962, very rare, NGC-graded, all but one "top pop." KM-PS3. According to KM, only about 25 of these sets were issued (with another 25 of the 1c issued separately), and to our knowledge this is the finest complete set, with all but one of the coins certified as either finest or tied for finest in the NGC census, as follows: ½ balboa (silver), KM-12.2, NGC PF 67 Cameo (8439964-001), finest known ¼ balboa (silver), KM-11.2, NGC PF 66 (8439964-002), finest known 1/10 balboa (silver), KM-10.2, NGC PF 66 Cameo (8439964-003), "top pop" (tied with two others) 5 centésimos (copper-nickel), KM-23.2, NGC PF 66 Cameo (8439964-004), second finest behind a single PF 67 1 centésimo (bronze), KM-22, NGC PF 66 RB (8439964-005), "top pop" (tied with three others) All have highly reflective surfaces with little or no evidence of handling, the ¼ balboa lightly gold-toned and the 5c also with a streak of light gold color across middle, while the 1c exhibits bright red splashes around amber-aqua centers. A unique opportunity for the specialist in modern Panama issues.

PAPAL STATES, Rome, gold zecchino, Benedict XIV, 1751 - year XI, NGC AU 58. Berman-2728; KM-943; Fr-231. Rich gold color, bold details and full rims, just no luster. (Note: Slab label says Benedict XVI in error.). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PAPAL STATES, Rome, gold zecchino, Clement XIV, 1773 - year V, NGC MS 62, "top pop." Berman-2928; KM-1012; Fr-240. Rich gold color with bold details and full rims, light luster all over, currently tied with two others for finest in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1751 J, NGC MS 62. Cal-764; KM-50; Fr-16. Choice luster with sharp and frosty details, full rims, rich gold color, currently tied with four others for second finest known in the NGC census behind a single MS 63. Featured on back cover of printed catalog. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VI, 1753 J, NGC AU 55. Cal-766; KM-50; Fr-16. Rich gold color, very sharp details (and full rims) and decent luster for the assigned grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1790 IJ, NGC AU 55, ex-Pat Johnson. Cal-1589; KM-92; Fr-36. Choice luster, reverse looks MS, die-crack on date, small flaw at top of reverse, traces of toning at rims. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Charles IV transitional (bust of Charles III, ordinal IV), 1791 IJ, NGC AU 53. KM-92; Cal-1590; Fr-36. Nice luster with strong red toning at rims, good details except for weak spot in shield, very minor lamination flaws. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII transitional ("imaginary" bust), 1810 JP, PCGS AU55. Cal-1755; KM-107; Fr-44. Choice strike (also full rims) with great luster for the assigned grade, just a little weak in shield as usual, nice gold color, desirable four-year transitional type with "indigenous" rendering of an armored Ferdinand VII. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Cuzco, gold bust 8 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1824 G, NGC AU 58. Cal-1745; KM-129.2; Fr-55. Attractively lustrous and with full rims but weakly struck centers (also minor flaw near bottom of shield), among the top 25% at NGC for this desirable one-year type from the Cuzco mint. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, second bust ("rat nose"), 1767 JM, rare, NGC AU 50, finest known in NGC census. Cal-1517; KM-69; Fr-unl (27c). Choice bold details (this type usually much weaker) with lovely red toning over muted luster in legends, premium coin for its assigned grade but finest certified in any case, rare and popular type (nicknamed "rat nose" for the size of Charles' nose) that is missing in Friedberg in this denomination due to conflation with the subsequent type. (Note: chip in plastic slab.). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1792 IJ, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sellschopp, ex-Almenara. Cal-1258; KM-100; Fr-42. Rich gold color, lustrous and well struck except for half of reverse rim (that side slightly off-center), hairlines on obverse, still desirable grade and first year of type, with bonus points for pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 349) and to the Almenara Collection (both stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1755 JD, dots above both mintmarks, NGC MS 62. Yonaka-L8.55; Cal-459; KM-55.1. Uneven light toning around patches of bright luster, with minor high-point friction visible in lighter color, boldly struck with sharp details all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI, 1758 JM, PCGS MS61. Yonaka-L8.58; Cal-466; KM-55.1. Very bold strike with full rims, nice luster, minor surface porosity (as made) and a couple tiny dark spots, choice grade (second finest in the PCGS census behind a single MS 62). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, pillar 4 reales, Charles III, 1769 JM, dot over left mintmark only, rare, PCGS VF details / cleaned, ex-Pat Johnson. Yonaka-L4.69; Cal-827; KM-63. Well struck, with splashy rainbow toning over luster, looks much nicer than the assigned grade (more like straight XF 40), rated R in Yonaka. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788 IJ, NGC MS 61. Cal-1059; KM-78a. Flashy luster, slightly out-of-round flan (as made) with incomplete rims, a few speckles and streaks of light toning, desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("imaginary" bust), 1811 JP, long ribbons, NGC MS 61. Cal-1242; KM-106.2. Choice luster with light golden toning over very faint hairlines, well-detailed strike (just a little weak in shield), desirable grade and transitional type. (Note: Top-right edge of plastic slab is missing and there is a chip in the top-left corner.). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 JP, PCGS MS63, "top pop." Cal-1247; KM-117.1. Intense dark rainbow toning at rims surrounding frosty inner details with much luster, spidery die-cracks to left of bust, very appealing and currently tied with three others for finest in the PCGS census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 4 reales-sized proclamation medal, Charles IV, 1789, NGC MS 61. Fonrobert-8942; Medina-180; Herrera-156. 37 mm. Obverse with CAROLUS · IV · D · G · HISP · ET IND REX · around crowned and collared coat-of-arms; reverse with PUBLIC * FIDELIT * JURAM * 10 * OCTOBRIS * 1789 around crowned double-headed eagle with wings spread above pillars and waves, coat-of-arms on breast containing three crowns between K-I above pomegranate, CRO-IX * above waves; tulip edge. Choice grade with bright luster overlain with traces of rainbow toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII transitional ("imaginary" bust), 1810 JP, PCGS VF25, ex-Pat Johnson. Cal-1063; KM-105.2. Deeply toned with lighter patch to right of bust, scarce and popular type with "indigenous" bust of Ferdinand VII, from a reported mintage of just 15,215 pieces. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 4 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1817 JP, NGC AU 50. Cal-1071; KM-116. Attractively rainbow toned over luster, decent strike except for centers and parts of rims, choice grade for the date (second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 55). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1820 JP, NGC MS 64. Cal-820; KM-115. Choice luster and bold strike (except for center of reverse, as usual) with 100% full rims, very frosty and desirable grade (second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 65). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, bust ½ real, Ferdinand VII, 1818 JP, NGC MS 63. Cal-361; KM-113.2. Choice bold strike with nice luster and traces of toning, also bold rims except for part of reverse (slightly off-center), desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, 1834 MM, PCGS MS64. KM-142.3. Bright white luster and frosty details, tiny speckles of toning, well-detailed strike with full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Pasco, 4 reales, 1855 M, JB below feet, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. KM-151.9. Good strike, faint golden toning over muted luster (and hairlines), rare grade for this scarce type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Cuzco, 8 reales, 1838 MS, NGC AU 55. KM-170.4. Choice light rainbow toning at rims (lots of blue and orange), muted luster, a couple minor edge-flaws, popular artistic sunface design with local iconography on reverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Cuzco, 8 reales-sized medal, 1838, Supreme Protector Santa Cruz. Fonrobert-9235. 27.97 grams. 39 mm. Obverse with large bust of Santa Cruz between flags, Santa=Cruz / 1838 in exergue; reverse with castle (arms) below stars inside wreath within legend EL CUZCO AL INVICTO PROTECTOR DE LA CONFEDERACION. Lightly toned over muted luster, AU- with light old scratches to right of castle, struck to proclaim in Cuzco the new role of Supreme Protector bestowed the year before upon military hero Santa Cruz.

PERU, Lima, "3 reales"-sized proclamation medal, 1821, Independence / San Martín, PCGS MS63. Fonrobert-8998. 27 mm. Obverse with sunface and rays inside legend LIMA LIBRE JURO SU INDEPENDENCIA EN 28 DE JULIO DE 1821•; reverse with BAJO LA / PROTECCION / DEL EGERCITO / LIBERTADOR / DEL PERU / MANDADO / POR SAN / MARTIN inside wreath; diagonally grooved edge. Deeply rainbow toned over luster, choice but slightly off-center strike, near top grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, gold 4 pesos, Isabel II, 1868, NGC UNC details / obv cleaned. KM-144; Fr-1. Choice luster and sharp full details, bold rims, hairlines on obverse only, mintage of just 30,000 pieces (AGW 0.1903 oz). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES (under Spain), Manila, 1 peso, Alfonso XIII, 1897, NGC MS 61. Cal-122; KM-154. Strong luster with brilliant splashes of toning on obverse including a fiery red spot to right of bust, light bagmarks. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PHILIPPINES, struck in Munich, gold proof 1000 piso, Ferdinand Marcos, 1975, Third Anniversary of The New Society, PCGS PR69 Deep Cameo, "top pop." KM-213. Virtually perfect, just the slightest hint of high-point contact, currently tied with 23 others for finest in the PCGS census, with just two finer (PF70UC) at NGC (AGW 0.2879). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PORTUGAL, 250 reis, re-stamped legends (1698) on a Porto meio cruzado (200 reis) of João IV with crowned-250 countermark (Type IV, 1663). Gomes-108.01 (host: KM-435.3). 10.95 grams. Choice bold details with deeply toned fields for great contrast, also full countermark on reverse, scarce host, VF overall.

PORTUGAL, 870 reis, Maria II, crowned-arms countermark (1834) on a Madrid, Spain, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1818/28 GJ, NGC AU 53, c/s UNC standard, finest known in NGC census. Gomes-29.08; KM-440.37 (host: Cal-1274). Traces of toning and luster in legends, complete countermark in center of bust, interesting overdate, finest in NGC census for Spanish hosts. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PUERTO RICO (under Spain), struck at the Madrid Mint, 1 peso, Alfonso XIII, 1895 PG-V, PCGS AU55. Cal-128; KM-24. Deeply rainbow toned over muted luster, a modicum of bagmarks, popular type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Governors (dependent emirate of Damascus), AR dirham, post-reform type of Abd al Malik, AH110 (728 AD), mint of al Andalus الأندلس, extremely rare, NGC AU 58, ex-Tonegawa, Frochoso Plate. Vives-25; Frochoso-1.2 (this coin). 2.91 grams. Lightly toned, with lustrous interiors and fully readable inscriptions. The earliest Islamic coinage struck in Arabia closely followed the monetary models of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. A major reform was introduced by the Umayyad caliph Abd al Malik in the late 7th century AD, transforming both the design and ideological function of Islamic coinage. The dirham emerged as a fully epigraphic type, eliminating figural imagery and establishing the characteristic Islamic monetary model. Its inscriptions consist primarily of religious formulas derived from the Qur’an, rendered in Kufic script, with the selected verses varying according to the intended message. Circular marginal inscriptions provide key administrative information, including mint and date of issue. Islamic coinage thus functioned not only as an instrument of economic exchange but also as a medium of ideological communication and state authority. Through their inscriptions, these coins disseminated core religious formulas of Islam while simultaneously proclaiming the legitimacy of the issuing authority, whether caliph, emir, or delegated governor. In 711 Islam entered Hispania, initiating a rapid political and administrative transformation that included the adoption of the Islamic monetary system and the renaming of the territory as al Andalus. After a short period during which gold issues of Byzantine tradition circulated, the epigraphic dirham established under Abd al Malik was adopted as the principal silver denomination. Its typology remained remarkably stable, consistently preserving its purely epigraphic character. Islamic authority quickly consolidated in the peninsula under an emirate dependent on Damascus, with its capital at Córdoba, a phase commonly referred to in numismatics as the Period of the Governors. The typological structure of these dirhams is essentially fixed. In Islamic numismatic terminology the obverse, designated First Area (IA), contains the Islamic profession of faith affirming the unity of God. The reverse, designated Second Area (IIA), records the prophetic mission of Muhammad. Obverse (IA) Central inscription: لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له There is no god but God alone / He has no partner Marginal inscription: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالأندلس سنة عشرة ومئة In the name of God. This dirham was struck in al Andalus in the year one hundred and ten. Reverse (IIA) Central inscription: الله احد الله الصمد لم يلد و لم يولد و لم يكن له كفوا احد God is One, God is eternal. He neither begets nor is begotten, and there is none equal to Him. Marginal inscription: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to make it prevail over all religions, even though the polytheists may dislike it. NGC #8437663-001. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction III (Aureo & Calicó 453, June 2025, lot 7), and plated in El Dirham Andalusí en el Emirato de Córdoba (2009), by Rafael Frochoso Sánchez.

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Governors (dependent emirate of Damascus), AR dirham, post-reform type of Abd al Malik, AH117 (735 AD), mint of al Andalus الأندلس, very rare, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Tonegawa, Frochoso Plate. Vives-31; Frochoso-1.3 (this coin). 2.88 grams. Choice luster with faint hairlines in fields, full inscriptions, traces of toning, particularly rare in this state of preservation. NGC #8437663-002. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction III (Aureo & Calicó 453, June 2025, lot 10), and plated in El Dirham Andalusí en el Emirato de Córdoba (2009), by Rafael Frochoso Sánchez. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Emirate of Córdoba, AR dirham, Al Hakam I, 190 AH (806 AD), mint of al Andalus الأندلس, NGC MS 62. Vives-88; Miles-81. Bright with brilliant luster, very bold strike with nearly all inscriptions clear. With the arrival of the Umayyad prince Abd al Rahman I in al Andalus, Islamic authority was consolidated and the independent Emirate of Córdoba was proclaimed in 756 AD. After a brief period without coin production and a slow initial phase, minting resumed in 150 AH / 767 AD and continued thereafter on a regular basis, focused almost exclusively on silver dirhams. During these years gold dinars were not struck and copper fulus were produced only in very limited quantities. In terms of design, the inscriptions follow the typological tradition established in the earlier period, maintaining the Umayyad use of Qur’anic sura 112, a formula already abandoned by the Abbasids. This conservative adherence to the Umayyad monetary model would remain characteristic throughout the history of the Emirate and later the Caliphate of Córdoba. Only minor variations appear in the form of small geometric or vegetal ornaments, or as in the present specimen, discreet triangular arrangements of dots incorporated into the field. NGC #8437667-002. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Caliphate of Córdoba, AV dinar, Abd al Rahman III al Nasir, 321 AH (933 AD) إحدى وعشرين وثلثمئة, mint of al Andalus الأندلس, struck over a previous issue (Wilkes-668), NGC MS 63, ex-Kyle Ponterio. Album-348; Vives-376; Miles-200a; Wilkes-557. 4.14 grams. Rich gold color, boldly struck, with under-coin details partially visible, tied with one other for second finest for the type in NGC census behind a single MS 64. In IA, Kalima in four lines, naming Muhammad in the final line, Qur’an IX:33 in the marginal legend; in IIA, “The victorious Imam, Abd al Rahman, Commander of the Faithful” in four lines, mint and date in circular legend. In 929 AD Abd al Rahman III, until then emir of Córdoba, proclaimed himself caliph, concentrating in his person both civil and religious authority. With the establishment of the Caliphate of Córdoba Islamic power in the western Mediterranean reached its greatest expansion, controlling most of the Iberian Peninsula and extending its influence into parts of North Africa. From a monetary perspective an important change appears in the epigraphy: the explicit naming of the issuing authority, the caliph. His name is placed in the reverse field (IIA) together with his official titulature or laqab. In this case the inscription reads: “The victorious Imam (al Nasir) through the religion of God (li din Allah), Abd al Rahman, Commander of the Faithful.” Note: The overstrike (Wilkes 557) over (Wilkes 664) indicates that this dinar was struck on a previously minted coin. This was a practical minting practice used to reuse existing gold flans of correct weight and fineness without melting them. It allowed the mint to quickly place new coin types into circulation while preserving the established gold standard. Overstrikes also appear during periods of political or typological change, when new inscriptions or titles needed to replace earlier issues. In this case it reflects normal mint economy and the continued reuse of earlier dinars within the caliphal monetary system. NGC #8437667-003. Pedigreed to the Kyle Ponterio Collection, and to Jesús Vico Auction 149, November 2017, lot 581. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Caliphate of Córdoba, AR dirham, Abd al-Rahman III al-Nasir, 337 AH (949 AD), Madinat al-Zahra mint, obverse with Hebrew inscription, unique, NGC AU 53, Ariza Plate Vives-417. 2.93 grams. 24 mm. Bold full inscriptions, lightly toned all over. Obverse (IA) Central inscription: لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له محمد There is no God but God alone He has no partner Muhammad Marginal inscription: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمدينة الزهرا سنة سبعة وثلاثون وثلاثمائه In the name of God. This dirham was struck in Madinat al Zahra in the year three hundred and thirty seven. Reverse (IIA) Central inscription: الإمام الناصر لدين الله عبد الرحمن امير المؤمنين al Imam al Nasir li din Allah Abd al Rahman Commander of the Faithful Marginal inscription: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون Muhammad rasul Allāh arsula bil-hudá wa dīn al-haqq liyužhirahu `alá ad-dīn kullih wa law kariha al-mushrikūn Muhammad is the Messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even though the polytheists may oppose it. This specimen, studied by Dr. Almudena Ariza, is a coin of exceptional historical and numismatic interest. On the obverse appears a small vertical inscription in the left field whose reading can only be interpreted as Hebrew. The similarity of the characters and of the formula itself to those found on certain transitional, Idrisid, and Kharijite issues, where a Hebrew legend also appears associated with the Islamic profession of faith, suggests that it may represent a shortened pious or validating expression intended to accompany the Islamic declaration of monotheism. Considering the recognizable characters, including an initial alef and a final yod, the inscription may correspond to the expression אמן וכן י, interpreted as “Amen, and so it is,” followed by the initial י of יהוה (YHWH) or Yah, one of the names of the divinity. In this sense the phrase would function as an affirmation such as “So it is,” “Indeed it is,” or “Truly it is,” reinforcing the proclamation of belief in a single God. The presence of such an inscription on a caliphal coin carries extraordinary historical significance. On the one hand, it supports earlier hypotheses advanced by scholars such as Miles, Bates, and Vives regarding other issues bearing Hebrew characters. On the other, it reflects the prominent role that certain members of the Jewish community achieved within the intellectual and administrative environment of Madinat al Zahra during the reign of Abd al Rahman III. Among the most notable figures was Hasday ibn Shaprut, whose influence at the Andalusí court was considerable. A physician, diplomat, and supervisor of customs revenues, he served as a trusted adviser within the Umayyad administration. His prominence illustrates the broader participation of Jewish elites in the political and economic structures of the medieval Mediterranean. Within such a context, the appearance of a Hebrew inscription on an official caliphal issue is not only plausible but understandable. Its precise function remains open to interpretation, whether ideological, administrative, political, or possibly decorative. Regardless, this dirham struck at the official mint of Madinat al Zahra represents an entirely exceptional piece within the numismatics of the medieval Islamic West. Featured on back cover of printed catalog. NGC #8437667-001. Plate Coin in article by Dr. Almudena Ariza Armada in Al Qanṭara magazine (Vol XL/1, 2019), pp. 13-42. Note about NGC census information: Because NGC codes for these types are not broken down by date and/or mint, that information may be included on the labels when space is available, but is not reflected in the codes themselves, and therefore does not appear in census data. Because of this, some coins are the finest certified for their dates and/or mints but are not reflected as “top pop” in the census. Please use this link to verify the certification number Please use this link to read the original article: Nueva tipología monetal de la ceca Madīnat al-Zahrā’ a nombre del califa ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III con leyenda en hebreo New Monetary Typology of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III from Madīnat al-Zahrā’ Mint with Hebrew Inscription

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Umayyads, Caliphate of Córdoba, AR dirham, Hisham II, 388 AH (998 AD), mint of al Andalus الأندلس, NGC AU 58 Star. Vives-538; Frochoso-47. 3.11 grams. Beautiful, deep, rich toning, very bold struck with fully readable inscriptions. Obverse (IA) Central inscription: لا اله الا الله وحده لا شرك له محمد There is no God but God alone He has no partner Muhammad Marginal inscription: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بالاندلس سنة ثمانية وثمانين وثلاثمائه bism Allāh duriba hādā l-dirham bi-l-Andalus sana thamaniya wa thamanun wa thalatha mia In the name of God. This dirham was struck in al Andalus in the year three hundred and eighty eight. Reverse (IIA) Central inscription: الامام هشام امير المؤمنين المؤيد بالله عامر The Imam Hisham Commander of the Faithful al Mu’ayyad bi Allah Amir Marginal inscription: محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون Muhammad rasul Allāh arsula bil-hudá wa dīn al-haqq liyužhirahu `alá ad-dīn kullih wa law kariha al-mushrikūn Muhammad is the Messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, even though the polytheists may oppose it. NGC #8437663-015. Pedigreed to Aureo & Calicó auction 447, March 2025, lot 1051. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Abbadids, Taifa of Seville, AV dinar, Muhammad ibn ‘Abbad al Mu‘tamid, 467 AH (1075 AD), Madinat Ishbiliya مدينة إشبيلية (Seville), NGC AU 58, ex-Tonegawa, Prieto Suplemento Plate. Vives-unl; Prieto Suplemento-155 (this coin). 3.76 grams. Beautiful example in light yellow color with spots of reddish encrustation, fully detailed strike, very rare in this condition, missing in Vives. After the death of Almanzor, general and chief minister of the caliph Hisham II, the authority of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba entered a profound crisis. The inability of the caliph and of Almanzor’s successors to maintain political stability triggered the fitna, a prolonged period of internal conflict that culminated with the formal abolition of the caliphate in 1031 (422 AH). As a result, the territory of al Andalus fragmented into a series of independent states ruled by local dynasties, the so called muluk al tawa’if or taifa kingdoms. From a monetary perspective this fragmentation led to the multiplication of mints and the decentralization of gold dinar production, previously tightly controlled by the caliphal administration. The earliest taifa issues maintained a strong continuity with the Umayyad tradition in both typology and epigraphy, reflecting the prestige and legitimacy associated with caliphal coinage. As the new dynasties consolidated their authority, however, gradual modifications appeared in the inscriptions and sometimes in the metallic standard, adapting the dinar to the evolving political landscape. Different dynasties developed distinct numismatic strategies to legitimize their rule. The Hammudids, who sought to restore the caliphate under their own dynasty, incorporated caliphal titles in their coinage. Other rulers resorted to the political fiction that Hisham II was still alive and continued striking dinars in his name, as seen with the Amirids of Valencia, the Banu Hud of Zaragoza, and the Abbadids of Seville, attempting to counter the caliphal claims of the Hammudids. In other cases certain taifas issued coinage in the name of the imam Abd Allah, establishing a symbolic reference to the Abbasid caliphate and reinforcing their religious legitimacy. This complex political landscape is reflected in the remarkable typological and epigraphic diversity of the dinars struck in al Andalus during the 11th century, forming one of the richest and most varied chapters of Andalusí numismatics. NGC #8437663-006. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction II (Aureo & Calicó 439, November 2024, lot 330), and plated as coin 155 in the 2003 supplement to Antonio Prieto's Los Reyes de Taifas. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Madinat Qurtuba (Córboda) مدينة قرطبة, AV dinar, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, 491 AH (1098 AD), extremely rare, NGC MS 64, ex-Tonegawa. Vives-unl; Hazard-unl. 4.10 grams. Very sharp full details and choice luster, tied with next lot for second finest in NGC census for the type behind a single MS 65, this date not recorded in Vives or Hazard for this mint. By the late 11th century, faced with the military advance of the Crown of Castile, the taifa rulers sought assistance from the Almoravids led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin. Although the North African intervention initially succeeded in halting Christian expansion, the political balance soon shifted. Following their military victories, the Almoravids gradually imposed their own authority over the taifa kingdoms, incorporating al Andalus into their expanding dominion. The establishment of Almoravid rule brought a significant reorganization of the monetary system. Under their authority the Almoravid dinar became firmly established, a gold coin noted for its remarkable consistency and high metallic purity that soon developed into one of the principal reference currencies of medieval Mediterranean commerce. Its prestige was such that its typology was imitated in several parts of the Christian world, as seen in the mancuses of Barcelona, the bezants of the Crusader states, the so called dinar of Offa in England, and the Castilian morabetinos. From an ideological perspective these issues also reflect a clearly defined doctrinal orientation. The coin inscriptions incorporate Qur’anic verse 3:85, which proclaims Islam as the only religion accepted by God, replacing earlier formulations centered primarily on the prophetic mission. This reference, associated with the doctrinal tradition linked to the Abbasid caliphate and the symbolic authority of the imam Abd Allah, reinforces the religious and legitimizing function of the Almoravid dinar within the political discourse of the new regime. From a technical standpoint these coins are distinguished by the high quality of their manufacture. The precision of the engraving and the refined execution of the calligraphy give these dinars a distinctive aesthetic appeal, qualities that can be fully appreciated in the six remarkable specimens presented here. Obverse (IA) Central inscription: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله أمير المسلمبن علي ابن يوسف La ilah illa Allah / Muhammad rasul Allah / amir almuslimin ‘Ali / Ibn Yusuf There is no god but Allah / Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah / the Commander of the Faithful ‘Ali / ibn Yusuf Note: The first two lines on all Almoravid dinars contain the religious formula known as the Kalima or Shahada. Marginal legend: و مان يابتاغي غايرا اللسليم دينام فا لام يوكبالو منه و هوا في العجيراتي ميناء الجاسرينا wa-man yabtagui gayra al-islám dinam fa-lam yuqbalu minhu wa-huwa fi al ajirati mina al-jasirina. Whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers (Qur’an 3:85). Reverse (IIA): Central legend: الايمان عبد الله أمير المؤمنين Al Iman / Abd-Allah / Amir Almuminin The Imam / ‘Abd Allah / Commander of the Faithful The central inscription acknowledges the spiritual sovereignty of the Abbasid caliphate. NGC #8437663-003. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction III (Aureo & Calicó 453, June 2025, lot 397), and plated in Gaceta Numismática 93, p. 27, number 5. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Qurtuba (Córdoba) قرطبة, AV dinar, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, 495 AH (1102 AD), date with units in feminine form, very rare, NGC MS 64, ex-Tonegawa. Vives-unl; Hazard-unl. 4.08 grams. Rich color with choice luster, bold and sharp full details, this date not recorded in Vives or Hazard for this mint, tied with previous lot for second finest for the type in the NGC census behind a single MS 65. NGC #8437663-007. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction II (Aureo & Calicó 439, November 2024, lot 354). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Qurtuba (Córdoba) قرطبة, AV dinar, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, 496 AH (1103 AD), NGC MS 63, ex-Tonegawa. Vives-1489; Hazard-114. 4.04 grams. Full inscriptions, traces of luster, a great coin for the type without the uniqueness of the previous two lots within the same type at NGC. NGC #8437663-008. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction II (Aureo & Calicó 439, November 2024, lot 355). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Balansiya (Valencia) بلنسية, AV dinar, ‘Ali ibn Yusuf, 503 AH (1110 AD), very rare, NGC MS 63, ex-Tonegawa. Vives-unl; Hazard-unl; Cru.C.G.-1638A; Gaceta Numismática 93, no. 16. 4.00 grams. Beautiful example of the type with bold full inscriptions and traces of luster, this date not recorded in Vives and Hazard for this mint. Featured on back cover of printed catalog. NGC #8437663-009. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction II (Aureo & Calicó 439, November 2024, lot 359). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Ishbiliya (Seville) إشبيلية, AV dinar, 'Ali ibn Yusuf, 517 AH (1123 AD), date with units in feminine form, NGC MS 64. Vives-1659; Hazard-215. 4.00 grams. Bold strike with full inscriptions, good luster per the grade. NGC #8437667-004. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Al Marīya (Almería) المرية, AV dinar, 'Ali ibn Yusuf, 519 AH (1125 AD), date with units in feminine form, very rare, NGC MS 61, ex-Tonegawa. Vives-1650; Hazard-287; Eustache-457. 4.09 grams. Bold strike, rich gold color, slightly undulating flan. NGC #8437663-004. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction III (Aureo & Calicó 453, June 2025, lot 406). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, Al Marīya (Almería) المرية, AV dinar, 'Ali ibn Yusuf, 533 AH (1139 AD), NGC MS 61. VVives-1753; Hazard-361. 4.20 grams. Broad flan, full inscriptions but softer in places, traces of luster. NGC #8437663-011. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almoravids, AR quirate, Ishaq ibn 'Ali, 540-541 AH, rare, NGC AU 55, "top pop," ex-Tonegawa. Vives-1896; Hazard-1041; FBM-E2; Eustache-576. 0.92 gram. Bold strike with choice toning, tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Obverse IA: لا اله الا الله محمد رسول الله lā ilāha illā / Allāh / Muḥammad rasūl Allāh There is no god but God. Muhammad is the Messenger of God. Reverse IIA: المسلمين امي ناصر الدين اسحاق بن علي al-muslimīn / amīr / Nāṣir al-Dīn / Isḥāq ibn ʿAlī Commander of the Muslims / Defender of the Faith / Ishaq ibn ‘Ali The Almoravid empire controlled from its origins the trans-Saharan gold routes, largely channeled through the commercial center of Sijilmasa, which enabled the abundant striking of gold dinars. The situation with silver was very different. Silver issues appear in the form of qirates of roughly one gram and in even smaller fractions, sometimes reaching divisions as small as 1/16 with weights below 0.06 grams. This extremely small module was not arbitrary but rather the result of the scarcity of silver during the Almoravid period. Despite these material constraints, engravers succeeded in adapting the epigraphic design to an exceptionally reduced surface, producing compositions of remarkable precision and elegance. The qirate presented here is an excellent example of these emissions and stands out particularly for the quality of its strike and the refinement of its calligraphy, revealing the hand of a highly skilled engraver capable of resolving the epigraphic composition with balance and clarity within such a minute field. NGC #8437663-005. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction III (Aureo & Calicó 453, June 2025, lot 449). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almohads, AV dinar, Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub ibn Yusuf ibn ‘Abd al Mu’min al Mansur أبو يوسف يعقوب بن يوسف بن عبد المؤمن المنصور, 580-595 AH (1184-1199 AD), rare, NGC MS 65. Vives-2066; Hazard-501. 4.60 grams. Square in circle type with central epigraphic inscriptions naming the ruler and his Almohad lineage, typical Almohad design without mint or date. Struck during the reign of Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub who adopted the title al Mansur Billah (“Victorious through God”) after defeating the army of the Castilian king Alfonso VIII at the Battle of Alarcos on July 18, 1195. Choice grade with bold full inscriptions and nice luster. With the rise of Almohad power, a new ideological framework was reflected in a corresponding transformation of the coinage. The formal change is immediately visible. The traditional circular design of the dinar was replaced by a distinctive square frame, eliminating the marginal circular legends in favor of inscriptions arranged within the central square. Dates were no longer included and mint names appear only rarely. The absence of these chronological and geographic indicators was partly offset by the emphasis placed on the issuing authority, whose genealogy was often fully recorded within the inscriptions. The ideological message also shifted, incorporating the reference to the Mahdi, the “rightly guided one,” a central element of Almohad doctrine. The most significant reform, however, concerned the weight standard. The Almohad dinar doubled in weight to approximately 4.6 grams. For this reason it became known in the Christian kingdoms as the “dobla,” and it served as an important metrological standard throughout much of the later Middle Ages. Another characteristic feature of Almohad coinage was the inclusion in the inscriptions of the predecessors of each ruler, reinforcing dynastic legitimacy. The resulting design, both structured and elegant, proved highly influential and would later be echoed in the coinage of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. Featured on back cover of printed catalog. NGC #8437663-014. Pedigreed to Aureo & Calicó Auction 448, March 2025, lot 48. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Almohads, AV dinar, Abu Hafs ‘Umar al Murtada, 646-665 AH (1249-1267 AD), no mint indicated, NGC MS 64, finest known in NGC census. VVives-2079; Hazard-532. 4.64 grams. Rich gold color, strong strike with traces of luster, currently the single finest of nine in the NGC census. NGC #8437663-013. Pedigreed to the Tauler & Fau auction of February 2025 (lot 86). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Al-Andalus), Nasrids, Granada, AV dinar, Yusuf I, 734-755 AH, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census, ex-Tonegawa. Vives 2167 var; Medina 243 var; R. Lorente 8 var; al Nasr YU1:1.3 (online catalog); Numismática Nazarí-8 var; IV Jarique, p. 49, no. 26. 4.69 grams. Beautiful example with choice strike and strong luster for the assigned grade (single finest at NGC). Note that Vives incorrectly describes the last two lines of the reverse. Obverse (IA): قل اللهم مالك الملك تؤتي الملك من تشا وتنزع الملك ممن تشا وتعز من تشاء وتذل من تشاء بيدك الخير Say: O God, Sovereign of the Kingdom. You give power to whom You will and take it away from whom You will. You exalt whom You will and humble whom You will. In Your hand is all good. IM: Marginal legend distributed across the four segments: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم / صلى الله على سيدنا محمد / وألهكم إله واحد / لا إله الا هو الرحمن الرحيم In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate / May God bless our lord Muhammad / And your God is One God / There is no deity except Him, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. Reverse (IIA): ا الأ عبد الله سف يو مير بن أمير المسلمين أبي الوليد إسماعيل ابن فرج بن نصر أياد الله وأسعده The servant of God, Yusuf / Amir Yusuf / son of the emir of the Muslims Abu / al Walid Isma‘il / son of Faraj, son of Nasr Ayad. / May God grant him happiness. IIM: Repeated in the four segments. ولا غالب إلا الله There is no victor except God. Following the Almohad defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, al Andalus entered a new phase of political fragmentation with the emergence of several local powers. In this context the figure of al Mutawakkil ibn Hud gained prominence, leading from Murcia a movement of resistance against Almohad authority. Shortly afterward, amid conflicts with the Banu Hud, the Kingdom of Granada emerged, founded by Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr, known as al Ahmar, who proclaimed himself emir of al Andalus. After a period marked by alliances and vassalage agreements with the kingdoms of Castile and with the Hafsid emirate of Tunis, the Nasrid state consolidated its territory as the final Islamic polity in the Iberian Peninsula. Nasrid gold and silver coinage largely preserved the metrological and formal framework inherited from Almohad issues, though it developed a distinctive epigraphic style of its own. Among its most characteristic features is the dynastic motto “wa la ghalib illa Allah” (“There is no victor except God”), placed within the outer segments of the square frame. As in Almohad coinage, Nasrid dinars rarely include a date, although the mention of the reigning sovereign and his predecessors usually allows a relatively precise chronological attribution. During the Nasrid period Andalusi coinage experienced its final major phase. Despite the gradual reduction of territory, difficulties in the supply of precious metals, and the constant pressure of the Christian kingdoms, the rulers of Granada maintained their right of coinage until the very end. The progressive reduction in metallic fineness, the production of small gold denominations and copper fulus, and the repeated presence of the dynastic motto reveal a clear propagandistic and symbolic function. With the fall of the Kingdom of Granada in 1492 the history of Andalusi numismatics came definitively to an end, closing a long historical cycle marked by a remarkably rich artistic and epigraphic monetary production. NGC #8437663-010. Pedigreed to the Tonegawa Collection (stated on label), Auction II (Aureo & Calicó 439, November 2024, lot 479). Please use this link to verify the certification number

VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM (Spain), Ispalis (Seville), gold tremissis, Sisebut, 612-621 AD, NGC MS 64. Miles-187g; VCC-219.40; Cay-220; CNV-258v. 1.46 grams. Broad flan extending well past outer borders, boldly struck details with strong luster on fields, hints of light red toning, choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM (Spain), Emerita (Mérida), gold tremissis, Suinthila, 621-631 AD, retrograde S in SVINTHILA, NGC MS 65. Cay-262; CNV-257. 1.45 grams. Broad flan extending past outer borders, boldly struck details with strong luster on fields, currently tied with two others for second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 66. We cannot find any recent sales of this variant with the first letter of the king's name appearing in retrograde. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN (Castile and León), Toledo, AV morabetino, Alfonso VIII, Era 1245 of Safar (1207 AD), very rare, NGC MS 61, finest and only example in NGC census. Cay-1036; Fr-101. 3.87 grams. Nice luster for assigned grade, with sharp full inscriptions, slightly grainy surfaces with traces of encrustation in crevices. Obverse: Cross pattée flanked by pellets above inscription امام البيعة المسيحية نانة ALF imām al-bayʿa / al-masīḥiyya nāna / ALF Imam of the Church / of the Messiah, Pope / ALF Circular legend: بسم الأب والابن والروح القدس الإله الواحد آمين واعتمد يكن سالما In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, God is One. Whoever believes and is baptized shall be saved. (Gospel of Mark, chapter XVI, verse 16.) Reverse: أمير القتولقيين ألفونش بن شنجة أيده الله ونصره amīr al-qatūliqiyyīn, Alfūnsh ibn Shanja, ayyadahu Allāh wa-naṣarahu Commander of the Catholics, Alfonso son of Sancho, may God assist him and grant him victory. Circular legend: ضرب هذا الدينار مدينة طليطلة سنة خمس وأربعون ومئتان وألف عصر الصفر ḍuriba hāḏā al-dīnār madīnat Ṭulayṭila sanat khams wa-arbaʿūn wa-miʾatān wa-alf ʿaṣr al-ṣafar This dinar was struck in the city of Toledo, year five and forty and two hundred and one thousand, Era of Safar. The morabetinos of Alfonso VIII, struck at Toledo beginning in 1173 AD, represent one of the most distinctive issues of medieval Iberian numismatics. Directly inspired by the Almoravid dinar, they maintained a weight standard close to 3.8 grams and closely reproduced its formal and epigraphic structure in a deliberate attempt to emulate the prestige and commercial acceptance of Islamic gold coinage. The design incorporates a cross pattée, serving as the Christian symbolic counterpart to the Islamic profession of faith present on the original dinars, accompanied by Arabic inscriptions and later by abbreviated Latin forms of the king’s name. This combination of languages and religious symbolism produced the well known “bilingual” issues, struck exclusively at the mint of Toledo. Beyond their economic function, these coins reflect a remarkable degree of cultural syncretism. They combine artistic traditions associated with both the Islamic and Christian worlds, creating a synthesis reminiscent of the visual language of Mudéjar and Mozarabic art. The epigraphic aesthetic inherited from Andalusí models coexists with the Christian iconography of the cross, suggesting that Mozarabic craftsmen familiar with Arabic script likely participated in their production. In this way the morabetinos not only reproduce a prestigious monetary model but also stand as material testimony to the intense cultural and artistic exchanges between al Andalus and the Christian kingdoms of medieval Iberia. NGC #8437663-012. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold double excelente, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer ? at top, mintmark S and four ringlets at bottom between busts, NGC AU 53. Cal-721; Fr-129. 6.28 grams. Great contrast from dark toning around details, smallish flan but with every letter clear, and with bold full interiors, a choice coin for the grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer A above quatrefoil to left, mintmark aqueduct on reverse, very broad flan, extremely rare, NGC VF 25, finest and only example in NGC census. López de la Fuente-H4.1.3; Pellicer i Bru-9; Cal-552. 13.45 grams. Very broad flan (36mm, the size of some 8 reales!) extending past the outer borders, with 100% full crown and Latin legends in addition to all interior details despite some areas of weak strike, still with clear assayer (R5 in Pellicer i Bru, the rarest assayer of this mint, which is in itself rare in this denomination), richly old-toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer ? on reverse, mintmark oSo to left of shield, broad flan with legend ending in GRAN, very rare, NGC AU 55, "top pop," Pellicer i Bru and López de la Fuente Plate Coin. López de la Fuente-H5.5.28 (this coin); Pellicer i Bru-26; Cal-561. 13.25 grams. Exceptional example on a broad flan with all legends, crown, and inner details full and well struck, with lovely old toning all over, important pedigrees. Note: The planchet for this is not broad simply by caprice or whim; rather it is intentionally broad, for the engraver at the time stuffed the die with more legend lettering than on any other, in any denomination. The difference is the listing of the regions encompassed by the king and queen's joint rule, which in full would read CASTEL (Castile) LEGIONIS (León) ARAGON (Aragón) GRANADA (Granada). Even the largest 8R do not show all of these names and typically stop before Aragón, with significant abbreviations along the way. Plate Coin 26 on page 35 of Pellicer i Bru's El Medio Duro (1971), and Plate Coin H5.5.28 on page 558 of López de la Fuente's Los Reales de los Reyes Católicos (2018). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, 4 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer Gothic D on reverse, mintmark S to left of shield, NGC AU 58. López de la Fuente-H5.6; Cal-564. 13.64 grams. Very bold interior details plus readable bottom half of legend lettering (this exact variety not listed in López de la Fuente), with choice rainbow toning on obverse and in reverse legend, very pretty even if not Mint State. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Granada, 2 reales, Ferdinand-Isabel, assayer R on reverse, retrograde N's in legend, NGC MS 61. López de la Fuente-G4.3.11.6; Cal-498. 6.71 grams. Nearly full legends and crown, choice interior details despite a few weak areas (including where assayer is located on reverse, hence the assayer is not mentioned on the label), lightly toned, desirable grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic D at 4 o'clock outside tressure around cross, NGC AU 53. Cal-720. 27.37 grams. Good full cross and shield with bold S to left and o-VIII to right, nicely toned but with much peripheral flatness due to variation in thickness, clear assayer. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Gothic D at 4 o'clock outside tressure on reverse, ex-Busto. Cal-720. 27.11 grams. Broad-flan XF with nearly full legends and crown, nice full cross and shield with bold o-VIII to right (mintmark flat), clear assayer with open top (hence more like a C than a D), lightly toned all over. Pedigreed to the José O. Busto Collection, with his tag.

SPAIN, Toledo, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer M-in-circle below mintmark oT to left, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census, ex-Casandra. Cal-748. 27.42 grams. Broad flan with full legends and crown, very sharp full inner details, spectacularly toned over muted luster, hairline edge-crack, an impressively well-centered and well-detailed beauty from a period of massive silver production coming from the New World (ca. 1580), rarely found without intrusive doubling or unevenness, and of course unique in this top grade above nine other entries. Pedigreed to the Casandra Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, milled 8 reales, Philip III, 1614 AR, NGC AU details / scratches, ex-Huntington. Cal-946; KM-28.3. Rich old toning all over, choice strike with all details bold, with very lightly inscribed letters (done long ago) in legend between the H, I, S, P, A, N (someone was trying to spell out HVILSILPAAVN, whatever that means), desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the A.M. Huntington Collection (stated on label) (coin number 1001.1.4612, sold in the CNG auction of September 2013, lot 1872, and in the Vico auction of June 2012, lot 589). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, 1659 M, NGC MS 62, ex-Casandra. Cal-1580. 26.71 grams. Bright with luster, the complete and well-detailed shield with bold denomination 8 to right and assayer M to left below partial aqueduct mintmark, full but off-center cross-lions-castles with clear 1 and bottom of 6 and 9 of date (but different dies from the next lot). NOTE: NGC label says Madrid (1627-35)M in error. NGC #8444886-002. Pedigreed to the Casandra Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Segovia, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, 1659 M, NGC MS 62, finest known in NGC census, ex-Casandra. Cal-1580. 27.23 grams. Thick and sharply seven-sided flan with superb luster and very bold strike, including choice full crown and shield with large (re-punched) 8 to right inside bold king's name PHILIPVS, aqueduct mintmark to left above weak but certain assayer M, beautifully complete cross-and-tressure with full 16 and bottom half of 59 of date with the 5 punched over a 2 (since this is the first date after a 1620s series), unique in this top grade (next finest being AU 53, although the previous lot might tie with this one if re-done by NGC). NGC #8444886-003. Pedigreed to the Casandra Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust ½ escudo, Philip V, 1742 PJ, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1644; KM-361.2; Fr-240. Choice bold strike including rims, with lovely strong luster throughout, only one finer in MS 64 at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust ½ escudo, Philip V, 1743 PJ, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1646; KM-361.2; Fr-240. Choice bold strike with full rims and nice luster, re-cut 3 in date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, milled 8 reales, Philip V, 1732/1 PA, very rare overdate, NGC MS 63, finest known in NGC census, ex-Trastámara. Cal-1624; KM-unl (358 for type). An important and elusive early milled 8 reales of Philip V, struck at Seville during the opening phase of Bourbon monetary reform. The clear 1732/1 overdate, unlisted in KM and absent from even advanced collections, reflects the practical realities of early milled production, where dies were reworked during a period of rapid transition and standardization. The date 1732 is also significant to New World collectors, as it coincides with the introduction of the pillar coinage at Mexico City, marking the broader modernization of Spanish silver coinage across the empire. With light gray toning over strong luster and sharply defined details, this coin ranks as the finest known in the NGC census, with desirable pedigree to the Trastámara Collection adding further distinction to an already rare and historically important overdate issue. Pedigreed to the Trastámara Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of May 2015, lot 645), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust ½ escudo, Ferdinand VI (first bust), 1747 PJ, PCGS AU53. Cal-569; KM-373; Fr-275. Choice luster, especially on the reverse, with bold rims but weakly struck bust (which is no doubt what PCGS used to grade this otherwise Mint State coin). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust ½ escudo, Ferdinand VI, 1749 JB, NGC AU 53, ex-Eliasberg. Cal-551; KM-378; Fr-274. Rich gold color, with full details including rims, muted luster, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Eliasberg Collection (ANR auction of April 2005, lot 2097), stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust ½ escudo, Ferdinand VI, 1759 JB, PCGS AU55. Cal-567; KM-378; Fr-274. Rich gold color with bold strike and full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1786 DV. Cal-1791; KM-418.1a; Fr-284. 13.48 grams. Great strike with full rims, muted luster, rich gold color, AU with light surface hairlines on obverse.

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles III, 1788/3 M/JD, very rare, NGC XF 45, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Iriarte. Cal-unl (Type 169); KM-unl (418.1a for type); Fr-284. 13.47 grams. Good luster and rather smooth fields for the grade, well struck as usual (in light yellow gold), clear overdate (not noted on label) and over-assayer (known but not yet listed in references), technically finest in NGC census as no others with M/JD are listed yet. Pedigreed to the Iriarte Collection (Aureo auction of March 1998, lot 912). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles III, 1788 M, PCGS MS61. Cal-1578; KM-417.1a; Fr-286. Very bold strike with sharp full details, brightly lustrous, light yellow color, faint surface hairlines on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust ½ escudo, Charles III (first bust), 1765 PJ, PCGS AU58, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1249; KM-389.1; Fr-278. Very bold strike with full rims, muted luster, adjustment marks on shield, choice grade for this earliest Charles III type. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust ½ escudo, Charles III, 1775 CF, PCGS AU53, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1305; KM-415.2; Fr-291. Attractive red toning over muted luster, slightly off-center obverse (nearly full rims). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust ½ escudo, Charles III, 1779 CF, PCGS AU53. Cal-13105; KM-415.2; Fr-291. Deep red toning, full rims, scarce grade for this date (second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS 64, with none in MS at NGC). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1774 CF, NGC VF 25. Cal-1231; KM-414.2. Attractively contrasting toning, with even, honest wear and no problems. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1775 CF, NGC XF 40. Cal-1232; KM-414.2. Very lustrous for the assigned grade (looks AU), with faint surface hairlines, choice full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1776 CF, PCGS XF40. Cal-1234; KM-414.2. Very deeply toned, bottom castle weak but otherwise well struck, popular date for U.S. collectors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, bust 8 reales, Charles III, 1788 M, NGC VF 20. Cal-1070; KM-414.1. Nice old toning, minor marks and typical wear, incomplete rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1801/791 FA, PCGS MS62. Cal-1480; KM-436.1; Fr-294. Choice luster, full rims and sharp details but with adjustment marks in centers on both sides, second finest in PCGS census behind a single MS63+. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 4 escudos, Charles IV, 1803 FA, PCGS AU58. Cal-1482; KM-436.1; Fr-294. Rich red toning over nice luster, sharp details, faint die-buckling on obverse. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1799 MF, PCGS MS63, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1291; KM-435.1; Fr-296. Sharp strike with choice full details and rims, cartwheel luster, in fact the finest certified as NGC tops out at MS 62 for this date. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1800/799 M, NGC AU 58. Cal-1296; KM-435.1; Fr-296. Nice luster, light yellow color, full rims and sharp details, last digit of date looks more like 0/6 (so possibly a new variety). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1801/791 MF, PCGS MS63, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1300; KM-435.1; Fr-296. Choice luster, slightly soft strike but with bold overdate, full rims, finest at PCGS and none at NGC for this overdate with this assayer. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1801/791 FA, PCGS AU55, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-1299; KM-435.1; Fr-296. Attractive red toning over muted luster, adjustment mark on bust. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Charles IV, 1802/1 FA, PCGS MS62, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1304; KM-435.1; Fr-296. Brightly lustrous, light yellow color, choice strike with full rims but arc-shaped die-crack above head, the finest at PCGS with just one finer at NGC in MS 64. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1791 MF, PCGS AU58. Cal-1108; KM-434; Fr-298. Very flashy with bright luster, light yellow color, choice strike with full details and rims, really looks Mint State (compare with next lot in just one grade lower), in any case the second finest in the PCGS census behind a single MS61. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 1 escudo, Charles IV, 1793 MF, NGC AU 55. Cal-1110; KM-434; Fr-298. Decent luster, light yellow color, nearly full rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust ½ escudo, Charles IV, 1789 MF, PCGS VF35. Cal-1068; KM-433; Fr-299. Muted luster with sediment in crevices, full rims, minor lamination flaw at 2 o'clock on reverse. While Madrid Charles IV 1, 2, and 4 escudos are quite common and available in high grades, the ½ escudo is anything but, and always brings a premium even in lower grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, matching pair of gilt silver uniface clichés (obverse and reverse) for gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1812 IJ, NGC MS 63 and 64. For actual coins: Cal-1606; KM-478; Fr-309. Lustrous brassy fields with toning and sediment around details, a unique pair (best we can tell) with somewhat unlimited potential value for Spanish specialists, design of this mint's first (one-year) type of Ferdinand VII, with distinctive bust, ironically dating to the year of Spain's first Constitution, designed to limit his powers. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1812 IJ, rare, PCGS AU58, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-1606; KM-478; Fr-309. Light red toning over bright luster, sharp details and full rims, rare and desirable one-year type with distinctive bust. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, gold bust 2 escudos, Ferdinand VII, 1830 JB, PCGS AU58, "top pop." Cal-1688; KM-483.2; Fr-316. Rich gold color with beautiful purple toning over muted luster, well-detailed strike with full rims, tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census, with just one finer at NGC in MS 61. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Catalonia, Girona, 1 duro, Ferdinand VII, 1808, borders of diagonal lines. Cal-1201; KM-10. 26.16 grams. XF with nice toning around details, strange circular punch-marks on both sides, popular emergency issue from the year of Napoleon's invasion of Spain and replacement of Ferdinand with his brother, Joseph Napoleon.

SPAIN, Cádiz, bust 8 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1814 CJ, NGC XF 45. Cal-1154; KM-466.2. Deeply rainbow toned over muted luster, light high-point wear, arguably AU on a better day. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, 2 reales, Ferdinand VII, 1824 AJ, NGC MS 65. Cal-840; KM-460.2. Nearly prooflike, with frosty cameo details in light gray against bright field of silvery luster, choice gem-level grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Barcelona, 5 pesetas, Joseph Napoleon, 1811, 25 flowers in wreath, NGC MS 64. Cal-47; KM-69. Lightly rainbow toned over luster, the rims bold but centers slightly weak (also with adjustment marks in shield), very choice grade (second finest in NGC census behind a single MS 66). Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Madrid, 20 reales de vellon, Joseph Napoleon, 1809 AI. Cal-36; KM-551.2. 26.57 grams. Lightly toned AVF with minor marks, parts of rims weak, desirable four-year type under Napoleon's brother, Joseph, as king of Spain.

SPAIN, Barcelona, gold 80 reales de vellon, Isabel II, 1838 PS, CONSTITUCION, PCGS MS62, finest known in PCGS census. Cal-701; KM-578.1; Fr-324. Very bold strike with decent luster, rich gold color, earlier type for this date with fully spelled-out CONSTITUCION, the finest at PCGS with none finer at NGC. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, pattern 20 reales, Isabel II, 186_, second type, by Eduardo Fernández Pescador, rare, PCGS SP63, finest and only example in PCGS census. Cal-606; O'Donnell-550. An unadopted design with large head of the young queen, beautiful deep rainbow toning (mostly purple) over muted luster, a few small marks but overall well preserved. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SPAIN, Seville, 10 reales, Isabel II, 1842 RD. Cal-543; KM-585.2. 13.16 grams. Very light gray toning with traces of muted luster, AVF with minor marks, scarce type.

SPAIN, Cartagena, Cantonal Revolution, 5 pesetas, 1873, NGC MS 63. Cal-14; Dav-338; KM-716. Rather lustrous, with traces of light toning, light hairlines, choice grade for this Spartan issue struck by independent Cartagena during the Cantonal Revolution (1873-74) against the First Republic. Please use this link to verify the certification number

SWEDEN, copper klippe 2 öre, Gustav II Adolf, 1626, NGC XF details / corrosion. KM-108. Thick square slab with the appearance of a chocolate bar, bold full details including date, all with surface corrosion that seems commensurate with shipwreck salvage, housed in an oversized slab. Please use this link to verify the certification number

URUGUAY, struck in Paris, 1 peso, 1877-A, PCGS MS66, "top pop," ex-Huntington (stated on label). KM-17. Strong luster overlain with vivid rainbow toning for maximum eye appeal, choice gem grade (tied with one other for finest in the PCGS census, just two finer at NGC), with desirable pedigree, a showpiece for the high-end Latin American crown collector. Pedigreed to the A.M. Huntington Collection (Morton & Eden auction of March 2013, lot 537). Please use this link to verify the certification number

URUGUAY, struck in Paris, 1 peso, 1878-A, "peso naufragio," rare, NGC XF details / cleaned. KM-17a. Lightly gray-toned over muted luster, small marks and rim-bruises. This rare and popular type has an interesting back story: The steamship Paraná, which sailed from France to South America, ran aground and sank near Bahia, Brazil, on October 7, 1877, carrying a cargo of Uruguayan silver coins fresh from the Paris Mint. The coins were salvaged and sent on to Uruguay, but the government rejected them as tarnished and oxidized, so they were returned to Paris to be melted and re-coined into 100,000 pesos of new coins. Those new coins are the 1878 pesos like we see here, nicknamed "shipwreck pesos" (pesos naufragios) and now prized by collectors. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Barinas (Caujaral), "imitation cob" 1 real (chipi-chipi), date "146" with retrograde 6, unique(?), NGC AU 50. Cal-unl (Type 129); KM-2 var. 1.62 grams. Nicely toned, with bold but off-center strike on an oblong flan showing half of cross and one full pillar, full fantasy "date" of 146, which is known, but here with the 6 in retrograde (unlisted and presumed unique, not noted by NGC), choice grade. Please use this link to verify the certification number

VENEZUELA, Caracas, 2 reales, "1818" (1R-sized digits, struck ca. 1830) BS, florets flanking cross with quadrants transposed, NGC VF 25. Cal-740; KM-C36. Deep, dark gray toning, well struck with no weak areas except for parts of rims. Please use this link to verify the certification number

WEST INDIES, half cut of a Guatemala City, Guatemala, pillar 8 reales, Ferdinand VI or Charles III, rare. Prid-1 under Barbados. 11.44 grams. While official cut and countermarked issues from the various West Indies islands like Tortola are well cataloged, there are original cut coins without countermarks that cannot be fully attributed, like the present piece, whose cut edge is correct for the period and bears deep toning and circulation wear like the rest of the coin (VF). As Pridmore points out, the island of Barbados was known to have half-cuts of pillar dollars without countermarks, but we cannot rule out the same for other islands on an unofficial basis. In any case, the weight of this piece is a couple grams below half of an 8 reales, so whoever cut it was taking a little bit off for himself.