MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Latin R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, motto as PLVSV within rounded banner, rare, NGC XF details / edge filing. Nesmith-6 for type/6c type; Cal-115; S-M1; KM16. Among the earliest emissions of 4 reales for this first assayer of the Mexico City mint, the coin slightly doubled but with full legends and interiors (the broad flan extending past borders in places), rich chocolate toning. By the time 4 reales were minted, most Gothic lettering had been replaced by Latin lettering, with a few exceptions, such as the M mintmark on either side of the shield. The retrograde N was commonly used (in IOhANA) and note that the lions inside the shield bear crowns and tongues. The banner read PLVSV(T) although the T was very often obscured by the right pillar. Cori Sedwick Downing special comments: When I sold my collection in November 2025 in Sedwick Auction 38, I was overwhelmed by the popularity of my Early Series coins and gratified that others appreciated their beauty, rarity, and special place in early Spanish colonial history as much as I did. It is my great pleasure to continue to write about Early Series coinage and catalog as many as I can. One caveat I developed from my collection is about grading: Buy the rarity of the coin, not the grade, because some coins with lower grades are the most beautiful (and rarest) of all. It is important to realize that grading guidelines change over time; it is not a static judgment. As a collector, if you make this your guiding principle, you will be richly rewarded. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with two annulets in each side, denomination 4 over rotated 4, very rare, NGC AU 53. Nesmith-26c type; Cal-123; S-M4; KM-17. 13.37 grams. Strong strike on a complete planchet, with full legends and interior details, two different types of flowers or quatrefoils (one type on obverse and another type on reverse and only found on coins from this assayer), one of only six known with a rotated denomination "4" that was originally punched in the die at a 90-degree tilt and then corrected (and only seen in this denomination and variety), later HISPANIARVM type, lightly toned with beautiful iridescence over muted luster, finest example known for this variety (not specified on label). In all, this coin represents a combination of rarity and high grade; for comparison, see lot 522 in Sedwick Auction 38, in XF45 grade, which sold for $20,000 plus buyer's premium. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one annulet in each side, very rare, NGC XF 45. Nesmith-26 for type; Cal-123; S-M4; KM-17. Early emission from this assayer with REX and HISPANIE in the legend and cross potents with annulets in each corner used as stops between words in the legends, rare misspelling of IOANA (only four known with this error), struck on a broad flan with full and clear legends and interior details, lovely gunmetal toning throughout. Note a similarly graded coin sold in Sedwick Auction 38 for $20,000 plus buyer's premium. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one lozenge on each side, very rare, NGC XF 45. Nesmith-26 for type; Cal-123; S-M4; KM-17. Struck on a broad flan with choice full legends and inner details, attractively toned with slightly lighter high points, a very rare variety with lozenges instead of annulets in the rhomboid panel (only four known in 4 reales and this the finest example), HISPANIARVM in legend, a later emission from this assayer. The use of lozenges or mascles (hollow lozenges) carried over from assayer P to assayers F and G, but neither of those later assayers replaced the annulets in the rhomboid panel with lozenges. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with two annulets in each side, rare, NGC XF 45. Nesmith-24c; Cal-123; S-M4; KM-17. Struck on a broad flan and deeply toned with underlying luster, virtually full legends and interior details, this variety with dainty flowers or quatrefoils for separators between words in legends (used only by this assayer), strong mintmark and assayer, HISPANIARVM variety, a lovely example. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one annulet in each side, rare, NGC AU details / environmental damage. Nesmith-26 type; S-M4; Cal-123; KM-17. 13.27 grams. Well struck on a broad flan (shield side slightly off-center), full of eye-catching iridescent toning over clean surfaces despite some faint pitting, fully readable legends and interiors, somewhat soft M mintmark, an issue from the later HISPANIARVM variety. Despite the grade, this is a fine example from this assayer. Featured on front cover of printed catalog. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," Assayer F to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oFo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, extremely rare. Nesmith-16 type; Cal-120; S-M3; KM-unl. 11.99 grams. Broad flan, full AU details and areas of luster despite some light to moderate surface corrosion, lightly toned, and clear assayer, the rarest of the whole series with less than ten known in all varieties. This is the die variety Kent Ponterio used for a die study to determine the order of early assayers as seen in Ponterio Auction 150 (August 2009), page 146. Its importance to an Early Series collector cannot be overstated.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oMo, motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one dot in each side, very rare, NGC AU 58, "top pop." Nesmith-11 for type; Cal-119; S-M2; KM-17. 13.6 grams. Struck on a typically broad flan with full, well-struck legends and inner details (pillars side slightly off-center), lightly toned, exceptional grade for the series, particularly rare with dots instead of annulets inside the rhomboid panel (two known and only for this assayer). The last of the Early Series emissions, this example is tied with two others for finest known in the NGC census, so its rarity and grade cannot be overstated. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oMo (plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one annulet in each side, NGC UNC details / environmental damage, ex-Pat Johnson, ex-Ortiz. Nesmith-11 for type; Cal-119; S-M2; KM-17. 13.54 grams. With lots of luster and struck on a broad flan, full legends and choice interiors, half of shield side and part of rim of pillars side dark from oxidation, hence the grade. Important pedigree as the first lot in the Swiss Bank Corp. auction of 1991 of the Emilio Ortiz Collection and later in the Pat Johnson Collection. Also noteworthy is that the pillars side is a die match with coins of assayers P and F. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label) and to the Emilio Ortiz Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1991, lot 1). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with one annulet in each side, rare. Nesmith-24 for type/24a; Cal-63; S-M4; KM-unl (7 for type). 3.31 grams. VF with full and bold legends, weaker inner details, nice rich toning throughout. Note that smaller denominations are harder to find and many are worn from use, unlike the 4 reales, especially those from shipwrecks.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to right, mintmark M to left (M-A), rare, NGC AU 50, ex-Rudman. Nesmith-57b type; Cal-97; S-M6; KM-12. 6.60 grams. Choice bold details, nearly full legends, and much luster (non-toned), struck on a full flan. Note the high grade and important pedigree. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M). Nesmith-81a; Cal-102; S-M9; KM-12. 5.18 grams. Well-detailed and well-centered XF with toning in crevices, light surface corrosion, full legends and interiors, the C in CAROLVS uncharacteristically double struck.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L). Nesmith-85b; Cal-101; S-M9; KM-12. 6.82 grams. Struck on a broad, somewhat oblong flan with full legends and inner details (a little soft in places), lightly toned AXF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, copper 4 maravedís, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," no assayer (period of assayer G), variety with 4 and M below crowned I, PCGS VF details / environmental damage, ex-Rutherford. Nesmith-5a; Cal-31; KM-unl. 5.82 grams. Very broad flan that extends past the outer borders all around, complete legends and inner details but with dark oxidation and verdigris throughout. Pedigreed to the S.P. Rutherford Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination 8 to right, NGC AU 50. S-M11; KM-43; Cal-661. 26.38 grams. Broad flan with parts of legend bold (like king's name and ordinal) despite widespread peripheral flatness, nearly full shield with clear oMO to left and 8 to right, most of cross with curious slight doubling (scarce for this type), hairline edge-split, lightly toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer not visible. 26.27 grams. Round flan with peripheral flatness but full and well-centered shield, off-center cross, mottled toning, AVF overall but with some areas of light corrosion (tag says Grade II). From the Santa Margarita (1622), with original Fisher tag 3210 (certificate missing).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer D (1620s). S-M18a; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.23 grams. Roundish flan but very irregular in thickness with several flat areas as a result, yet with bold full oMD and denomination 8, full shield and nearly full cross, lightly toned XF.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.19 grams. Choice full cross, nearly full shield, bold assayer P, toned AVF but with flat peripheries due to uneven thickness.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1690 L, neat shape, rare. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-650. 26.40 grams. Crazy shape with one straight side but the rest a jumble of curves including a small knob, full and clear oML and 90 of date but the rest of the coin almost all flat and with natural surface void on obverse, no worse than VG overall for actual wear. Pedigreed to the Herrero auction of October 1991 (lot 399).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible, cross struck from 4R die, "thumbprint" on cross, neat shape. KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 26.97 grams. Long, thin, rectangular shape with large, rounded hump at one end, choice full crown above most of shield, nearly full cross (4R-sized) with swirling "thumbprint" pattern from faulty die-polishing (see lot 358 for explanation), typically flat in peripheries, lightly toned AVF with traces of verdigris.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible, neat shape. KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 25.21 grams. Sort of a narrow barrel-shape with one end rounded (and holed in that end), weak shield, most of cross with as-made hammer-mark, richly old-toned Good.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible, neat shape, ex-Pasay Hoard. KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 25.66 grams. Long, narrow, rectangular shape with slightly curved sides, frosty white as technically high grade (AU with traces of luster) yet somewhat weakly struck, nearly full shield, just one quadrant of cross, the rest flat. From the 1690s "Pasay Hoard" found in the Philippines in 2005.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1703 L, rare, NGC VF 20, finest and only example in NGC census. S-M21a; KM-47; Cal-1388. 27.15 grams. Typically rectangular flan with good but off-center shield enabling most of the final digit of date 3 above mintmark oM in the otherwise-flat periphery, most of cross (well centered), light natural toning all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1729 (D or R), large natural bubble-hole near center. KM-47; Cal-Type 170. 24.91 grams. Bold full date above the rectangular bubble-hole that was almost certainly used for wearing as a pendant, hence rather worn all over (Good), also weakly struck, still with most of shield and cross (unusual for this date) and nicely toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1730 R, natural bubble-hole in center. S-M24; KM-47a; Cal-1416. 25.42 grams. Oblong flan with bold full date and oMR, full cross and nearly full shield, central bubble-hole with clear wear to rim indicative of wearing as a pendant with a leather strap through the hole, VF with very light toning.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below denomination IIII to right, mintmark oM to left. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-503. 13.62 grams. Lustrous AU-, bright from cleaning, choice full cross and shield, much legend on a broad flan with parts of edge slightly crude (as made).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, 1730 R, large natural bubble-hole near center. S-M24; KM-40a; Cal-1090. 12.95 grams. Bold full date and oM plus top of assayer R, some shield and most of cross on a roughly pentagonal flan with semicircular interior bubble-hole that was probably used for a strap for pendant wear, hence somewhat low grade (AVG) and richly toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, klippe 8 reales, 1733 MF, NGC XF 45. Yonaka-M8T.33 (this coin); S-M28; KM-48; Cal-1431. 26.72 grams. Choice example struck only slightly off-center on a nearly round flan to show the full crown and most of the legend including full date and king's ordinal V, choice full interior details, with lovely rich (old) rainbow toning all over. Plate Coin on page 229 of Yonaka's book A Variety Guide to the Silver and Copper Coinage of the Mexico City Mint, 1732-1771 (2021), and on page 287 of Aureo & Calicó's 2019 edition of Numismática española. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 8 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, king's name as PHILPVS, legends HISPA / NIARVM, motto PL-VSVL-TR, very rare, NGC AU details / environmental damage, ex-Ugaz, ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-13; Cal-651. 25.57 grams. Superb full inner details with nearly full crown and legends on a full and round flan, no doubling, the interiors bold but weaker in peripheries (king's name clear), darkly toned with only a hint of surface porosity, among the finest known of this important unauthorized issue that represents the first "dollar" coin struck in South America. The three primary cob-producing mints in the Americas—Mexico, Lima and Potosí—all started with an assayer named Rincón, and at each mint the Rincóns produced 8 reales in very small quantities, making them all very rare and desirable in our time. The Potosí Rincón 8R, made in 1575, is the commonest of the three, with a few dozen known, struck shortly before Alonso Rincón’s death; at the other end of the scale is the Mexican Rincón 8R (struck under Francisco Rincón, Alonso’s brother), of which only three are known from what had to be an experimental run in 1538, due to the reported difficulty in making such large silver coins. In between in rarity and chronology is the Lima Rincón 8R (struck under Alonso Rincón), like the present specimen, with a known population of seventeen and highly coveted as the first “dollar” made in South America, struck in 1569 without proper authorization and quickly discontinued. To categorize the die varieties of these Lima 8 reales, there are two distinguishing characteristics on the obverse and two on the reverse: Obverse (shield side): king’s name spelled either PHILIPVS or PHILPVS, with two types of flowers in the crown above the shield, either three of the same kind or the middle flower larger than the other two flowers Reverse (pillars side): legend continuation as either -NIARVM or -RVM, and motto as one of three versions: PL-VSVL-TR, PL-VSV-LT, or PLV-SVLT-RA Based on these characteristics, we have identified three obverse dies and four reverse dies, as follows: Obverse: 1. Legend lettering of PHILIPVS . II . D . HISPA, three equal flowers in crown (seven known) 2. Legend lettering of PHILPVS . II . D . HISPA, three equal flowers in crown (one known) 3. Legend lettering of PHILPVS . II . D . HISPA, middle flower larger and different from other two flowers (eight known) Reverse: A. Legend NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX, motto PL-VSVL-TR (seven known) B. Legend NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX, motto PL-VSV-LT (six known) C. Legend NIARVM . ETINDIARVM . REX, motto PLV-SVLT-RA (two known) D. Legend RVM . ETINDIARVM . REX, motto PL-VSVL-TR (one known) Known combinations: 1. 1A (one known) 2. 1B (four known) 3. 1C (two known) 4. 2D (one known) 5. 3A (six known) 6. 3B (two known) 7. Unreadable The present example is 3A, meaning that the king’s name is spelled without a second I and the middle flower in the crown is larger than the ones that flank it, while on the other side the legend begins with NIARVM and the motto reads PL-VSVL-TR. Featured on back cover of printed catalog. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and to the L.R. Ponte Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number Click here to access the full digital flipbook catalog 39

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPA / NIARVM, motto PL-VSV-TR. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.20 grams. Impressively bold due to deeply contrasting toning, unflawed strike (no doubling or weakness), and fairly good centering on a broad flan (nearly full legends), VF+ with plugged hole near top of shield / bottom of pillars, hairline edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPANIA / ARVM, motto PL-VSV-L below •, ex-Ugaz. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.16 grams. Broad, round flan with full legends (including crown) and inner details, attractively toned VF with attempted piercing at bottom of shield / left of pillars. Note: Previous editions of Calicó had separate listings for both motto above dot (denomination) and motto below dot. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cobs.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPANIA / RVM, motto PL-VS-VL below •, ex-Ugaz. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.16 grams. Broad-flan XF+ with choice inner details and nearly full legends, light gray toning throughout, but with a faint veneer of porosity over surfaces that also demonstrate strong striking-stress lines. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPANIA / NIARVM, motto PL-VS-VL above •, ex-Ugaz. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 2.77 grams. Round flan (probably lightly shaved in its time) with very bold VF details due to contrasting toning that covers old tooling marks and faint porosity. Note: Previous editions of Calicó had separate listings for both motto above dot (denomination) and motto below dot, this being the former. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPANIA / NIARVM, motto PL-VSV-TR above •, ex-Ugaz. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.20 grams. Fine with deeply contrasting toning, choice full interiors and much crown and legend due to nice centering, possibly lightly shaved around edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, legends HISPA / NIARVM, motto P-LVS-V above •, ex-Ugaz. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 2.92 grams. Bold interior details (left side of shield slightly doubled) with nearly full legends, brown-toned XF with surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer X to left, legends uncertain, motto P-LV-S, extremely rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L2; KM-6; Cal-unl (Type 80). 1.68 grams. Nearly full shield with bold (tiny) X or possibly X/R to left, flat area to right, full but off-center pillars, toned Fine details but all a bit corroded and with small parts of edge bent over, also with clear error N for M at the end of HISPANIARVM. It is quite possible this is the only example of assayer X known on this type and denomination. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 475), and the Ponterio auction of April 2003 (lot 2725).

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer X to right, very rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L3; KM-unl (7 for type); Cal-210. 3.32 grams. Finely detailed VF with contrasting toning over faintly porous surfaces, nearly full crown and legends, non-round flan, the shield very slightly doubled but the cross very nice, featuring the same lions as are seen on the examples proven to have been struck in La Plata under assayer R. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (flat top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.27 grams. Richly toned XF with choice full details (trace of doubling on shield), nearly full crown and legends on a broad flan, just a great old-looking coin, obverse die-match with Sellschopp 87 but different reverse die. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Schulman "Jubilee" auction of May 12, 2016 (lot 278).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.73 grams. Very broad flan with choice full legends and crown and inner details (trace of doubling at denomination), XF with very light toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.03 grams. Low-contrast VF struck slightly off-center and showing full king's name PHILIPPVS as a result (also full crown), later variety with semicolon separators in obverse legend. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.19 grams. Well-centered XF with bold full crown and nearly full legends, toning in crevices, slightly doubled cross, shallow natural lacuna inside bottom-left part of shield. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oD to left, P-8 (round top) to right, ex-Ugaz, ex-von Schuckmann, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-L4; KM-14; Cal-657. 27.03 grams. Well-toned XF with choice full interior details and nearly full legends and crown, traces of doubling but very bold *-oD to left, a scarce variety that Sellschopp considered to be the final type for this assayer. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, the von Schuckmann Collection (Renaissance auction of December 2001, lot 3170), and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of October 1988, lot 139), also Plate Coin 129 in his book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-P to left, oD-o8 (flat top) to right, ex-Ugaz, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-659. 27.20 grams. Very broad flan with 100% full crown and full legends, well-detailed full cross and shield (the latter slightly doubled), nicely toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and L.R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (flat top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 26.76 grams. Very bold and choice VF+ with contrasting toning, nearly full crown and legends, superb interior details, quite attractive for the grade. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (flat top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 26.40 grams. Very broad flan with choice full crown and legends, beautifully toned AXF with some old scratches on shield, otherwise exemplary. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (round top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 26.83 grams. Broad flan with choice full crown and legends (variety with semicolon separators in obverse legend), sharp inner details (left half of cross slightly doubled), AXF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-8 (round top) to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-655. 27.35 grams. Deeply toned XF with sharp inner details and nearly full legends but parts of edge slightly crude from uneven thickness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, oD-* to right, PCGS AU50, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rutherford. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-341. 6.73 grams. Sharp, bold details, nearly full legends, richly toned (obverse darker than reverse), hard to imagine a nicer example, finest known in PCGS census for this variety. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and to the S.P. Rutherford Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-I to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-212. 3.21 grams. Sharp VF+ details with deep contrast from darkly toned fields, the slightly off-center shield particularly nice but with doubling on upper half of cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-I to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-212. 3.36 grams. XF+ details with brownish oxidation all over, nearly full crown and legends, well centered. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-I to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-212. 3.16 grams. Very sharp XF+ with contrasting toning but somewhat porous from oxidation, the shield and cross particularly well detailed. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-I to left, P-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-212. 3.30 grams. Broad-flan VF+ with choice full crown, sharp interiors, contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oD to left, I-P to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-213. 2.92 grams. VF with dark toning on fields (good contrast), nearly full crown, sharp details throughout but with traces of surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-P to left, oD-I to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-unl (7 for type); Cal-214. 3.24 grams. AXF with traces of luster but also dark patch near part of edge, slightly oblong flan, still sharply detailed, scarcer variety (missing in KM). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-I to left, *-oD to right, ex-Ugaz. S-L4; KM-7; Cal-215. 2.79 grams. Bold XF with low-contrast toning over faint surface porosity, nearly full crown, sharp interiors. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1659 V, mintmark * above LIMA, (V) to left and 8 to right, rare, ex-Ugaz. Sedwick-I.8.1; S-L5; KM-18.1; Cal-1243. 27.17 grams. Squarish flan with full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, bold but doubled full 1659 date (the multiple iterations giving the impression of 9/8, which is not possible), bold denomination 8 to right, lightly toned AVF and particularly rare as non-salvage, since most examples of this variety come from the "Jupiter Wreck" of 1659. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1659 V, mintmark L?M, •8•V to left and right, rare, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rosenheim. Sedwick-II.8.5; S-L5; KM-18.1; Cal-1247. 27.33 grams. Thick and chunky flan (small diameter) with bold full pillars-and-waves showing clear •8-V• to left and right and L?M (with dots above the L and M) above 1659 date in center, choice full cross-lions-castles, much better strike than usual but with legends off the flan, attractively toned VF+ and certainly one of the best examples we have seen of this variety. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Arturo Rosenheim collection, also to the Baldwin's auction of September 2010 (lot 3959).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1660 V, extremely rare, ex-Ugaz, ex-Sellschopp. Sedwick-III.8.1; S-L5; KM-18.2; Cal-1250. 27.44 grams. While there is much discussion about the evolution and transportation of the 1659 issues (presentation pieces and regular issues), there is no debate that the coins struck in 1660 are the rarest of them all, for minting is known to have ceased in March of that year. This specimen is particularly desirable, as it shows a full PLVS / •*• / VLTRA between well-centered pillars, most of L-8-V to left and right, complete date •660• at bottom-center above full waves, the crown at top also nearly full but partially flat, bold but slightly off-center full cross on the other side, lightly toned VF, with excellent pedigree to boot. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, also to the Baldwin's auction of September 2010 (lot 3960).

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1659 V, mintmark ? above LIMA, V to left, rare, ex-Ugaz. Sedwick-I.1.1; S-L5; KM-15; Cal-676. 3.47 grams. Full cross and pillars despite about 40% flatness (as made), the assayer full and bold as are the mintmarks and date, XF for actual wear, with rich old toning all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1659 V, mintmark L?M, V to left, rare, ex-Ugaz. Sedwick-II.1.1; S-L5; KM-15; Cal-676. 3.42 grams. Small flan with nearly full cross and pillars-and-waves but flat in peripheries, clear assayer and full L?M above horizontal line with date below, Fine with patchy dark toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1660 (V), mintmark L to left, date 60 over I*I above PLVS / VLTRA in middle, very rare, ex-Ugaz. Sedwick-III.1.2; S-L5; KM-15; Cal-677. 2.70 grams. As with the 8 reales (lot 643), the date 1660 is far rarer than 1659 in 1R too, and this is a choice example of the second variety in our tabulation (see Sedwick Auction 35), with very bold full left pillar and central elements (date and denomination), albeit slightly off-center, the cross even more so, VF details with contrasting toning over slightly porous surfaces. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1660 V, mintmark L to left, I?I over date 60 above PLVS / VLTRA in middle, assayer V to right, very rare, ex-Ugaz. Sedwick-III.1.3; S-L5; KM-15; Cal-677. 1.47 grams. Well-centered full cross, full but slightly off-center pillars with complete crown above, bold I?I above fairly clear date, thin from corrosion, otherwise VF details with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1684 V, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L6; KM-24; Cal-589. 27.00 grams. Semi-lustrous XF with light, low-contrast, golden toning, three dates, two bold assayers and mintmarks, full pillars-and-waves (slightly off-center) and cross-lions-castles (very slightly doubled), bold LIM(A) in legend, desirable first date of series. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, pedigreed to the UBS auction of September 1998, lot 3202.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1685 R, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-24; Cal-590. 25.92 grams. Very richly toned VF with full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates, three mintmarks and assayers, broad flan. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1686 R, single dot at top, rare, NGC XF details / plugged, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-R24; Cal-579. 26.34 grams. Typically broad flan with much legend on both sides, good full pillars-and-waves, the cross rather doubled but with clear date below, natural pit on king's ordinal (corresponding to raised area on other side), peripheral tooling and plugged hole below date, yet overall attractively toned and bold, apparently struck from different dies (both sides) from Lázaro 2 and 3. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and to the Almanzar auction of July 1976 (lot 1429). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1686 R, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-24; Cal-591. 27.28 grams. Bold full cross, well-centered full pillars (slightly doubled), two dates, three mintmarks and assayers, nicely toned AU-. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1687 R, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-24; Cal-592. 27.13 grams. Non-toned VF with full pillars and particularly bold waves, nearly full cross, two dates and mintmarks, no problems. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1688 R, single dot at top, rare, PCGS XF40, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rutherford. S-L7; KM-24; Cal-593. 26.92 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves with very bold date and 100% complete crown at top, full but off-center cross with second date below, three mintmarks, two assayers, richly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the S.P. Rutherford Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1689 V, quatrefoil at top, ex-Ugaz, ex-Association (1707), ex-Lane. S-L8; KM-24; Cal-594. 26.70 grams. Excellent full cross-lions-castles with very bold mintmark and date, well-centered full pillars-and-waves with a few weak spots but bold second date and mintmark, two assayers, steel-toned XF with traces of orange and blue, minimal spots of porosity (surely one of the finest examples from the Association shipwreck), scarcest date of the 1680s for this mint. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and to the original The Association Coin auction by W.H. Lane & Son (September 1974), lot 1067.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1690 R, quatrefoil at top, PCGS AU50, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rutherford. S-L9; KM-24; Cal-595. 27.48 grams. Choice grade with luster on fields (non-toned), with full and well-centered pillars-and-waves showing an atypically bold 16 of date due to doubling at bottom, also full cross-lions-castles, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers visible, apparently quite rare in high grade (none at NGC). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the S.P. Rutherford Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1691 R, quatrefoil at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L9; KM-24; Cal-596. 27.19 grams. Well-centered full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross-lions-castles, two bold dates, contrastingly toned VF+ with some peripheral tooling. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1692 V, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L10; KM-24; Cal-597. 27.20 grams. Choice 100% full pillars with bold date and mintmark and assayer, the cross-lions-castles also full and choice with second date below, richly toned AU- with scratches and oxidation near part of edge next to a crust-filled natural edge-spur. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Jess Peters auction of August 1984, lot 1558.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1693 V, quatrefoil at top, rare variety, ex-Ugaz. S-L10; KM-24; Cal-598. 26.13 grams. Excellent full cross-lions-castles with very bold date above king's ordinal II in legend, full pillars-and-waves with strong second date, all three mintmarks and assayers visible, richly toned AXF with traces of sediment in crevices, full and clear quatrefoil at top as opposed to single dot as is seen on nearly all other examples. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and Cayón Auction 278 July 218.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1694 M, quatrefoil at top, rare variety, ex-Ugaz. S-L11; KM-24; Cal-599. 27.06 grams. Oddly round flan with flatness from uneven strike but excellent pillar-tops and very bold date, good full cross-lions-castles, VF with surface hairlines under deep rainbow-toning, very clear quatrefoil ornament at top as opposed to a single dot as is seen on almost all other known examples. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1695 R, quatrefoil at top, rare variety, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rosenheim, Murray Plate. S-L12; KM-24; Cal-600. 27.24 grams. Well-centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with two dates, three mintmarks and assayers, toned VF, showing a clear quatrefoil ornament at top as opposed to a single dot as is seen on almost all other examples known to us. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Arturo Rosenheim collection, also plated on page 47 of Glenn Murray's book Guía de las Cantidades Acuñadas, Cecas de Potosí y Lima (2016).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1696 oH, very rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L13; KM-unl (24 for type); Cal-602. 26.92 grams. Superb full cross-lions-castles with bold mintmark L to left and clear assayer oH to right (an odd variety that is only seen on 8 and 2 reales), king's ordinal II, full but off-center pillars-and-waves with full and bold LIMA in legend, richly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1697 H, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L13; KM-24; Cal-603. 27.25 grams. Broad, roundish flan with nice full cross-lions-castles, full but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves, lightly toned XF with two dates, three assayers. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1698 H, single dot at top, with chopmarks from circulation in Asia, ex-Ugaz. S-L13; KM-24; Cal-605. 27.09 grams. XF with full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles despite peripheral flatness, nearly a dozen small chopmarks (somewhat rare on this type) clearly visible on both sides. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1699 R, quatrefoil at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L14; KM-24; Cal-606. 26.10 grams. Roundish flan with bold but off-center pillars-and-waves, well-detailed full cross-lions-castles despite porosity on that side (possibly from the 1715 Fleet), otherwise VF with contrasting toning throughout. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1700 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L15; KM-24; Cal-607. 27.00 grams. Beautifully toned AXF with 100% full waves, doubled date between pillars with bold assayer at top right, off-center cross with second date and assayer, trace of king's ordinal II in legend. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1701 H, single dot at top, posthumous Charles II, ex-Ugaz. S-L15; KM-24; Cal-608. 27.00 grams. Well-centered strike with choice full cross-lions-castles showing clear date, assayer, denomination, and mintmark plus the bottoms of some letters of king's name in legend, also full pillars-and-waves with two mintmarks and assayers on that side in addition to a second date that was expertly re-engraved to show the middle digit (formerly flat), nicely toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1702 H, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-34; Cal-1273. 27.27 grams. Excellent full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles (both well centered), with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers visible, deeply toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and Áureo & Calicó Auction 342 December 2019.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1703 H, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-34; Cal-1275. 26.87 grams. Good full cross, off-center pillars (right-hand pillar complete), two clear dates and assayers, lightly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1704 H, single dot at top, extremely rare, NGC VF details / holed, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-R34; Cal-1255. 26.46 grams. Richly old-toned all over, with bold full cross and pillars, the latter just off-center enough to allow for a full second date at 10 o'clock in legend, rather large hole (expanded from use) at top of pillars / near top of cross, different dies from Lázaro 14 (the only other example we know of, rated R4). Note: Slab has small chip in bottom-right corner. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and several auctions and public offerings, the oldest we can find being a Louis Collins Price List from April 1977, item 81. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1704 H, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-34; Cal-1276. 26.63 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles (slightly off-center) with bold date and assayer, off-center pillars-and-waves (right-hand pillar complete) with second full date and assayer plus mintmark L, lightly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1705 H, single dot at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-34; Cal-1278. 27.03 grams. Full cross and pillars-and-waves, two dates and at least some part of all three mintmarks and assayers, lightly toned VF, slightly irregular edge (as made), very scarce date (first example we have offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and Lot 353 Áureo & Calicó December 2019 .

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1706 R, row of three dots at top, rare, ex-Ugaz, Vico-Segarra Plate. S-L16; KM-34; Cal-1279. 26.27 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, richly tone but somewhat softly struck VF+ with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, a rare and desirable one-year issue (apparently the first we have offered at auction in this denomination). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, also Plate Coin on page 57 of Vico & Segarra's book Acuñaciones de la Casa de Borbón (185).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1709 M, row of three dots at top, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L18; KM-34; Cal-1282. 27.04 grams. Round flan with bold full pillars and nice full cross (the latter slightly off-center), three assayers, bold date between pillars plus bottom part of 1709 in legend, AXF with uneven toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and Lot 126 Áureo 183 - December 2005.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1710 H, row of three dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L19; KM-34; Cal-1283. 26.41 grams. Three clear dates, which is rare, also with 100% full tops of both pillars, slightly off-center cross, deeply toned XF+ with traces of surface porosity (possibly from the 1715 Fleet). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Ponterio auction of May 1987 (lot 877).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1711 M, row of three dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1284. 26.57 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with two bold dates, flat peripheries, richly toned AVF with light scratches, odd small hammer-marks (as made?) on lower arm of cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and several auctions, the earliest we can find being Cayón Auction 17 of March 1971, lot 1442. .

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1712 M, row of three dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1285. 26.93 grams. Well-centered full pillars and cross within flat peripheries, two dates, small edge-splits, lightly toned VF, apparently a very scarce date (first example we have offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1714/3 M, row of three dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1286. 26.75 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles, full but slightly off-center pillars harboring a full date with clear 4/3 (which used to be considered very rare, but reexamination of previously cataloged coins indicates that quite likely ALL 1714 examples are overdates), richly toned VF+ with light old marks. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1715 M, row of three dots at top, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1288. 26.81 grams. Full but slightly doubled pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates (including in legend) and assayers, all three mintmarks, lightly toned AXF with golden hues, rare date (first we have offered at auction and the only example we have traced in recent years). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1717 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1289. 27.09 grams. Softly struck Fine with light toning, technically full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles despite flat areas, small edge-split. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, the Jesús Vico auction of December 1990 (lot 553), and the Almanzar auction of April 1974 (lot 1231).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1718 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz, Goepfert Plate. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1290. 26.23 grams. Very bold full pillars and cross-lions-castles, well centered within flat peripheries, XF with attractive toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, Plate Coin on page 57 of Alfred Goepfert's book Monedas del Perú (2016).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1719 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1291. 26.81 grams. Off-center strike with very bold full left-hand pillar, two dates, well-toned AVF with flat areas, hairline edge-split. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Sotheby's auction of October 1992 (lot 117).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1720 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1293. 26.53 grams. Full and well-centered pillars with clear date and assayer, bold full cross-lions-castles, VF with lovely toning, crude natural edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1721 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1295. 26.96 grams. Exceptionally choice full pillars with bold date and assayer, bold but slightly off-center full cross-lions-castles, attractively toned XF with some old pockmarks above the pillars, very scarce date (first example we have offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1722 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1296. 27.22 grams. Full but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with bold main date plus part of both the others, AVF with contrasting toning, repaired hole on left pillars-side mintmark. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1723 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1297. 26.69 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross (well centered), two dates, contrastingly toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1723 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1297. 25.79 grams. Bold full pillars and cross within flat peripheries, AXF with patchy dark toning, slight surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1724 M, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-34; Cal-1298. 26.86 grams. Full cross, unevenly struck pillars with right-hand pillar complete, two clear dates on that side (rare thus), flat peripheries, lightly toned (low-contrast) Fine with trace of porosity at top-right on pillars side, traditionally scarce final date of pre-Louis I type. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Galerie des Monnaies auction of June 1976 (lot 360).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1725 M, Louis I, cross-of-five-dots at top, rare, ex-Ugaz, Bustos Plate. Bustos-L8R-25 (this coin); S-L20a; KM-39; Cal-38. 26.74 grams. Full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles despite typical peripheral flatness yet with bottom of IC of king's name LVDOVICVS visible, two clear dates, three mintmarks, VF with low-contrast toning, traces of surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, the UBS auction of November 2000 (lot 2150), and the ANE (Calicó) auction of June 1974 (lot 537), also Plate Coin on page 46 of Alejandro Bustos' book Amonedación de Luis Fernando I (2024).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1726 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20b; KM-unl (34a for type); Cal-1299. 27.21 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles, full but off-center pillars-and-waves, two clear dates and bold assayer M, king's ordinal V, lightly toned VF, desirable first date of post-Louis I type. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Superior auction of June 1997 (lot 6713).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1727 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20b; KM-34a; Cal-1300. 26.75 grams. Roundish flan with bold full pillars and cross, full date and two assayers and mintmarks, VF with light contrasting toning, expertly repaired hole in flat area near top that is virtually undetectable (the hole quite clear in Almanzar's 1972 offering). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Almanzar Price List of June 1972 (item C-302).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1728 N, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rutherford. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1301. 24.96 grams. Broad flan, well-centered cross and pillars but peripheries flat and lightly corroded all over (probably from the Princess Louisa of 1743), a couple edge-splits, no toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the S.P. Rutherford Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 73684), also to Sedwick Auction 8 (lot 1212).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1729 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, very rare, NGC VF 25, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-R34a; Cal-1265. 26.54 grams. Broad flan with bold full interior details and much legend including most of third date and king's name, great contrasting toning on fields, the waves slightly doubled, by our records one of just four known, apparently different dies from Lázaro 23 (rated RX), as a type particularly rare for being unholed and straight-graded, therefore appealing to the most discriminating trophy collectors. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1730 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, rare, PCGS XF40, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rutherford. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1304. 26.72 grams. Choice, full and bold pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with two dates and mintmarks and assayers, nicely toned on fields, a great coin for the type and surely the finest known for this rare date (none at NGC, and apparently the first example we have ever offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the S.P. Rutherford Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1731 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1305. 26.54 grams. Very bold full pillars (well centered), nearly full (oversized) cross, flat peripheries, lightly toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1732 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1306. 26.59 grams. Round flan with full pillars and cross-lions-castles, well-toned Fine with flat peripheries, traces of golden residue in crevices, scarce date (apparently the first example we have offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1733 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1307. 26.41 grams. Good full pillars and cross-lions-castles with bold date and part of another, parts of all three mintmarks and assayers, toned VF with flat peripheries, scarce date (first example we have offered at auction). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Sotheby's auction of October 1992 (lot 121).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1734 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz, Calbetó Plate. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1308. 26.77 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles in VF+ grade (light scuff below bottom-right castle), deeply toned, with bold date, two assayers, and three mintmarks, flat peripheries, scarce date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Schulman auction of June 1958, also Plate Coin 310 in Calbetó's book Compendio de las piezas de ocho reales (1970).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1735 N, ex-Ugaz, ex-Ortiz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1309. 27.09 grams. Well-centered pillars and cross within flat, sloping peripheries, the date full and bold, VF with spotty toning, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Emilio Ortiz Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1991, lot 131).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1736 N, re-punched 36 in date, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1311. 27.10 grams. Well-centered pillars and cross within flat peripheries, AVF with contrasting toning, scarce date (apparently the first example we have offered at auction), decidedly not 1736/5 (which is known) but with clearly re-cut date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Almanzar auction of May 1977 (lot 1332).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1737 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1312. 26.89 grams. Off-center strike with one full pillar, well-detailed cross, two bold assayers, two dates on pillars side, richly toned VF with small edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1738/7 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, unique, NGC XF details / holed, finest and only example in NGC census, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-unl (R34a for type); Cal-unl (Type 161). 27.73 grams. Very bold full details on a broad flan with much legend, richly toned all over, with typical hole at bottom of cross, unique in that the date between the pillars shows 8/7 for the last digit (not noted by NGC), confirming the existence of a heretofore unknown 1737 Royal die, clearly different from either Lázaro 27 or 28 (both rated R4), a beautiful and highly important discovery coin for the Lima specialist and collectors of galanos. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection (state on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1738 N, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1313. 25.94 grams. Well-centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with crudely plugged hole in flat periphery, Fine with light, low-contrast toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1739 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1315. 27.18 grams. Good cross with full and bold PHILIPPVS in legend, unusually well-detailed but off-center full pillars-and-waves, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, lightly toned VF with a few old scratches in flat periphery. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1740/39 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1316. 25.90 grams. Thick flan with bold centers (nearly full pillars and cross) including two dates showing clear 0/9, VF with some surface oxidation and patchy toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales (round flan), 1740, assayer N on pillars side and assayer V on cross side, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1319. 25.03 grams. To our knowledge, this coin is the only known example of this muling, first discovered in 1975 (see pedigree), with no other examples surfacing since, although it is quite likely that others exist without the assayer visible on either side of the coin. It is also desirable as perfectly round (Hervera: "cospel redondo"), with well-centered full pillars-and-waves showing assayer N twice and cross-lions-castles with full assayer V to right, attractive steel-gray toning all over, an important coin for the specialist. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and to the Martí Hervera / Soler i Llach auction of October 2021 (lot 1495), the Aureo auction of December 1990 (lot 559), and the Cordry & Craig sale of February 15, 1975 (lot 198, described as "PROBABLY UNIQUE & VERY IMPORTANT").

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1740 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1317. 24.53 grams. Well-detailed full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, Fine with deep brown-black toning, scratches and tooling over corroded surfaces near edge below cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1741 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1320. 24.95 grams. Bold full cross, full pillars with two bold dates on that side (partial third date below cross), three mintmarks and assayers, contrastingly toned VF with light corrosion near edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1742 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1321. 27.01 grams. Well-detailed full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates and assayers and mintmarks, richly toned VF with typically flat peripheries. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Ponterio auction of February 1993 (lot 1658).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1743 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1322. 23.68 grams. Bold full date and assayer above full waves (off-center), good full cross with offset doubling, heavy edge-clipping (over 3 grams' worth), deeply brown-toned AVF otherwise, scarcest date of this assayer under Philip V. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1744 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, ex-Ugaz, ex-Rosenheim. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1323. 27.41 grams. Bold full date and clear assayer within full pillars-and-waves, bold full cross, off-center strike with peripheral flatness, AVF with dark toning (good contrast), overall one of the finest known of this scarce date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Arturo Rosenheim collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 378).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1745 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1325. 26.88 grams. Atypically oblong flan with good full pillars and cross within flat peripheries, two dates and all three assayers and mintmarks, nicely toned VF with traces of surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1746 V, dots flanking denomination, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1327. 26.33 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles, full pillars-and-waves despite peripheral flatness, the date and assayer clear, toned Fine with light surface corrosion, scarce final date of Philip V type. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1747/6 V, cross-of-five-dots at top, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L22a; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-unl (Type 60). 26.21 grams. Nearly full cross, well-centered pillars with bold full date 747/6 (the overdate very clear), the first and only example we have ever seen or heard of, chunky flan with flat peripheries hence impossible to confirm the king (1747 would be Ferdinand VI but 1746 would be Philip V), Fine with patchy dark toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1747 V, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-44; Cal-445. 26.35 grams. Bold full date within well-centered pillars, most of cross, typically chunky flan with flat peripheries, deeply toned Fine, first example of this rare date that we have ever offered at auction. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection and the Herrero auction of November 2016 (lot 534).

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1748 V, ex-Ugaz, Practical Book of Cobs Plate. S-L22a; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-442. 26.44 grams. Well-centered strike with good full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, flat peripheries with small spot odd extra metal on edge, AVF with light, contrasting toning, scarce date, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection, Plate Coin on page 81 of the 4th edition of The Practical Book of Cobs (2007), by Daniel and Frank Sedwick.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1749 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-44; Cal-445. 27.08 grams. Clear date and bold assayer above full waves, one full pillar, nearly full cross, lightly toned AVF with old scratches and scuffs. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1750 (R), dots flanking denomination, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-44; Cal-446. 26.69 grams. Bold full date over full waves (very rare thus), nearly full cross on a very thick, chunky flan, nicely toned Fine. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1751/0 R, very rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-44; Cal-448. 27.38 grams. Thick and chunky flan with full but softly struck pillars housing a clear 751/0 date (only the second example we have seen), two assayers, most of cross with deep hammer-mark (as made) at top, lightly toned VG, interesting also in showing dots to right of L, right of 8, and left of R across top. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1751 R, re-punched final 1 in date, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-44; Cal-449. 26.97 grams. Chunky and somewhat barrel-shaped flan with full and clear date 751/1 above waves (scarce date, first we have seen with re-cut 1), nearly full cross, flat peripheries, VG with very light (low-contrast) toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1752 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-450. 25.96 grams. Chunky, squarish flan with well-centered cross, off-center pillars with very clear assayer and date (scarce and desirable final date of Lima cobs, rare to see in full), darkly toned VF with traces of surface corrosion. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1737 N, extremely rare, NGC VF details / holed, finest and only example in NGC census. S-L21; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 98). 6.73 grams. Broad flan with some legend and fully detailed interiors (pillars side slightly off-center), contrastingly toned, with stripped hole at very edge to right of cross, "x" graffiti twice on cross, by our records one of only two known. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1745 V, unique(?), NGC XF details / holed, finest and only example in NGC census. S-L22; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 98). 6.54 grams. Choice interior details (full and bold) with just enough peripheral details to show all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, beautifully toned, with hole at top of cross and attempted hole to left of top-left castle, overall a lovely coin and the first of this date we have ever seen or heard of. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1684 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L6; KM-20; Cal-213. 3.54 grams. Very choice strike with 100% full interior details, the cross off-center but overall rather Royal-like, AXF with deeply contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1684 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L6; KM-20; Cal-213. 3.56 grams. Sharply octagonal flan with choice full cross but rather off-center pillars (one full) showing a very bold full PERV in legend as a result, two dates and assayer, contrastingly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1685 R/V, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-unl (20 for type); Cal-214. 2.69 grams. Choice full cross with bold R/V to right and 685 date below, full crown above complete pillar-tops on other side, thin-flan XF with edge-split, first and only example we have ever seen or heard of. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1685 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-215. 3.66 grams. Broad pentagonal flan with choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three dates, two mintmarks and assayers, CARO(LVS) visible in legend, richly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1686 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-216. 4.45 grams. Extremely broad and overweight flan yet with mostly flat legends, choice full interior details, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, lightly toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1687 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-217. 2.97 grams. Broad round flan with choice full interior details plus bold full 1687 in legend (all three dates and assayers and mintmarks visible), lightly toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1688 R, mintmark and assayer transposed on pillars side, very rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-217. 3.10 grams. Bold interiors but peripheries flat, with clear mintmark L to left of date and R at top left, lightly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1688 R, ex-Ugaz. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-218. 3.54 grams. Lightly corroded VF with full pillars and cross, three dates and assayers, contrastingly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1689 R+V, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L8; KM-unl (20 for type); Cal-unl (Type 44). 2.68 grams. Very bold full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, thin flan with small part of edge broken off long ago, two dates, assayer V twice on pillars side but clear assayer R to right of cross (first we have seen or heard of), full (C)AROLVS II in legend, deeply toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1692 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L10; KM-20; Cal-223. 2.60 grams. Very choice full pillars-and-waves with bold main date and 16 in legend, clear assayer, two mintmarks, nearly full cross-lions-castles, attractively toned XF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1693 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L10; KM-20; Cal-224. 2.41 grams. Nice full cross-lions-castles, full but off-center pillars with bold date and complete LIMA in legend, two mintmarks and assayers, contrastingly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1694 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L11; KM-20; Cal-225. 3.22 grams. Broad, sharply seven-sided flan with choice full pillars featuring a complete crown at top, another complete crown above slightly off-center cross, king's name CAROLV(S) in legend, three assayers, contrastingly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1696 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L13; KM-20; Cal-228. 3.53 grams. Good full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, CAROLVS in legend, contrastingly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1697/6 H, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L13; KM-unl (20 for type); Cal-unl (Type 44). 2.94 grams. Neatly lemon-shaped flan with full pillars harboring a very clear 97/6 date (only the second example we have seen, not to be confused with a similar 1697/5 H/R issue) with full LIMA in legend, three-quarters of cross with CARO(LVS) visible, three mintmarks, contrastingly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1701 H, Philip V, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-31; Cal-378. 2.03 grams. Great full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with two dates and three mintmarks, parts of king's name and ordinal visible (Charles II also known for this date), choice VF with contrasting toning but light surface porosity all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1702 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-31; Cal-379. 2.42 grams. Cute teardrop shape (almost like a heart), with full pillars-and-waves struck off-center enough to enable a full and bold REX ANO 1702 in legend (central date also clear), full cross (also slightly off-center), AVF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1703 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-31; Cal-380. 3.01 grams. Compact flan with choice full pillars and cross, two dates and mintmarks and assayers, lightly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1705 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L15a; KM-31; Cal-382. 2.43 grams. Neat shape (round with two sharp points), choice full pillars and cross, the latter off-center, enabling a clear (PHIL)IPPVS V in legend, two dates and mintmarks, all three assayers, contrastingly toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1707 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L17; KM-31; Cal-385. 2.92 grams. Odd-shaped flan (broad) with full pillars, nearly full cross, two dates and mintmarks, all three assayers, VF with some toning but also small spots of dark "horn silver." Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1709 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L18; KM-31; Cal-387. 3.49 grams. Interesting shape (round with two sharp points), full pillars and cross, complete crown, two bold dates with bottom of 1709 in legend as well, three mintmarks, lightly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1710 H, ex-Ugaz. S-L19; KM-31; Cal-388. 2.56 grams. Choice full pillars and cross-lions-castles, complete crown, parts of all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, contrastingly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1711 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-391. 2.48 grams. Full pillars and cross (slightly off-center) with two dates and mintmarks and assayers, VF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1712 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-392. 2.76 grams. Broad flan with sharp point, choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates, all three assayers and mintmarks, lightly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1714/3 M, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-unl (31 for type); Cal-394. 3.11 grams. Roundish flan with full pillars and cross, two dates (both with clear 4/3) and mintmarks and assayers, non-toned AU (choice grade). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1718 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-399. 3.14 grams. Great full cross-lions-castles, one complete pillar with clear date, two mintmarks and assayers, AU (choice grade) with no toning except for dark streak on part of edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1719 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-401. 2.32 grams. Nearly round flan with bold full pillars and cross, two full dates and parts of all three mintmarks and assayers, contrastingly toned VF with slight surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1720 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-31; Cal-402. 2.87 grams. Roundish flan with choice date between bold full pillars, nearly full cross, two assayers, contrastingly toned AXF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1720/19 M, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L20; KM-unl (31 for type); Cal-unl (Type 70). 3.71 grams. Full and well-centered cross and pillars, the latter with full but messy date (looks like 720/19, first we have seen or heard of) but with clean 720 below cross, lightly toned VF with a few tiny black spots. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1725 M, (Louis I), rare, ex-Ugaz. Busto-L1R-25; S-L20a; KM-A39; Cal-12. 2.25 grams. Choice full pillars and cross, one bold date and part of another, two assayers and mintmarks, lightly toned XF with porous surfaces (somewhat thin), desirable type. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1727 M, ex-Ugaz. S-L20b; KM-31; Cal-408. 2.82 grams. Bold date and assayer within pillars, good full cross, nice but porous VF with slightly crude edge (as made), contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1729 N, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-31; Cal-410. 2.94 grams. Bold date above full waves, good full cross, contrastingly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1731 N, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-31a; Cal-412. 3.60 grams. Good full cross, off-center pillars with 100% full waves below complete date, two assayers, VF with contrasting toning, a few light marks (old). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1735/4 N, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-unl (31 for type); Cal-unl (Type 70). 3.20 grams. Off-center cross, bold full waves and right-hand pillar with equally bold date exhibiting a very clear 5/4, a known overdate for ½, 4, and 8 reales but this is the first 1 real we have seen or heard of, unevenly toned VF with some peripheral flatness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1738 N, ex-Ugaz. S-L21; KM-31a; Cal-419. 3.48 grams. Cute shape with very bold date between pillars, well-centered cross, contrastingly toned VF+ with flat peripheries. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1740/39 V, very rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-unl (31a for type); Cal-unl (Type 70). 3.70 grams. Good full cross and pillars, both with visible dates, the overdate detectable between the pillars with the 4 clearly thin as modified from a 3 and the 0 with straight right side as modified from a 9 (second example we have seen), full assayer, VF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1742 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-31a; Cal-424. 3.60 grams. Nice round flan with bold date above full waves, full second date below off-center cross, three assayers, lightly toned XF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1744 V, ex-Ugaz. S-L22; KM-31a; Cal-426. 3.39 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves harboring complete date, slightly doubled full cross with second date below, VF with contrasting toning, a few light old scratches. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1748+47 V, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L22a; KM-unl (42 for type); Cal-unl (Type 25). 3.56 grams. Bold 48 date to left of 100% full right-hand pillar, clear 47 below incomplete (oversized) cross, first example we have seen or heard of, XF with light toning, peripheral flatness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1749 R, rare, ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-42; Cal-146. 2.35 grams. Choice bold date and assayer flanking complete right-hand pillar, good full cross, lightly toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1750 (R), error with denomination 2 above cross, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-unl (42 for type); Cal-unl (Type 25). 3.02 grams. Off-center strike with lots of flatness to left of design on both sides, the pillars with clear denomination I and date 750 and the 1R-sized cross with clear denomination 2 (first and only example we have seen or heard of), lightly toned VG. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1752 R, cross side struck from 2R die, unique(?), ex-Ugaz. S-L23; KM-unl (42 for type); Cal-unl (Type 25). 2.79 grams. Small flan with clearly oversized cross (first we have seen, but typical for the period), full pillars with full 752 date (desirable final year of Lima cobs), Fine with sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

PERU, Lima, 4 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-LT, legends HISPA / NIARVM, NGC AU 55. S-L1; KM-10.1; Cal-495. 13.20 grams. Rather large flan with flat peripheries but bold full PHILIPVS, choice full shield, full but slightly doubled pillars-and-waves, rare and remarkable as completely corrosion-free, single third-finest at NGC behind two graded MS. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-L, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.52 grams. AVF with bold full details including most of legend due to contrasting sediment in crevices, two tiny test-cuts on edge.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSVL-T below dot, legends HIS / NIARVM, NGC XF 45, "top pop," ex-Ponte. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.17 grams. Richly toned, with full details except for just the tops of some letters of the legend, very minor doubling and minimal edge-split, interesting variety with mismatched legends lacking the letters PA. This type is notably difficult to find in numeric grade, as so many are corroded or damaged from abuse and burial, since this denomination generally stayed local to Peru; even the best Sellschopp could find is now lower grade in XF 40, whereas the present piece is currently tied with just one other for finest in the NGC census. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection (stated on label) and the Ponterio auction of March 1991 (lot 879). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-8 (round top) to left, P-oD to right, NGC AU 58+, ex-Ponte. S-L4; KM-14; Cal-654. 27.76 grams. Beautiful rich toning, brad flan with complete crown and nearly full legends, choice interior details (all very sharp and bold), and exceptional in grade as among the top three graded among all varieties for this assayer. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-oIIII to left, P-oD to right, NGC AU 50. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-498. 13.33 grams. Sharp full interior details and nearly full legends and crown, all enhanced by deeply contrasting toning, rare grade (third finest in the NGC census among all varieties for this assayer). Pedigreed to the Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1997, with original lot-tag 2302. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1686 R, single dot at top, rare, NGC VF details / holed, ex-Portolà, ex-Trastámara. S-L7; KM-R24; Cal-579. 26.46 grams. Broad flan but with rather spread-out design (hence legends mostly off the edge), well centered and very bold all over, no doubling and just one small spot of weakness near edge (in crown), also with drilled hole at top of cross, but with beautiful cabinet toning all over, clearly a premium piece that has seen time in important collections, no pillars-side die-match but cross side matches Lázaro 2 (rarity R2). Pedigreed to the Portolà Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2019, lot 334) and the Trastámara Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2017, lot 175), both stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1737/6 N, unique(?). S-L21; KM-unl (34a for type); Cal-unl (Type 162). 24.93 grams. Oblong flan, frosty UNC with traces of peripheral porosity, full but off-center cross, good full pillars with clear date exhibiting a clear 7/6 overdate, the first example we have ever seen or heard of.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1741 V. S-L22; KM-34a; Cal-1320. 25.30 grams. Frosty UNC with light surface corrosion in peripheries, off-center pillars with left-hand pillar complete, full cross-lions-castles, all three mintmarks and assayers at least partially visible.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1748 V. S-L22a; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-442. 27.37 grams. Typically chunky flan with good centers but much peripheral flatness and small edge-split, AU with very light tan toning.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1732 N, PCGS VF20, ex-Pat Johnson. S-L21; KM-33A; Cal-1045. 12.62 grams. Decent cross and complete right-hand pillar with clear date and assayer but otherwise somewhat weakly struck, richly toned, scarce like all Lima 4R of this period. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1741 V, PCGS F12, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Pat Johnson. S-L22; KM-33A; Cal-unl (Type 133). 13.30 grams. Full pillars and cross but rather weakly struck and worn, unevenly toned, two dates and three mintmarks, scarce like all Lima 4R of this period. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1749 R, dots flanking denomination, rare, PCGS VF30, finest known in PCGS census, ex-Pat Johnson, ex-Sellschopp. S-L23; KM-43; Cal-unl (Type 49). 12.58 grams. Richly toned, typically chunky flan with bold centers but extensive peripheral flatness, top of date clear and just enough of the assayer to determine it is R and not V (which may or may not exist in this denomination), in any case odd not to be listed in Calicó considering that it was part of the Sellschopp Collection sold in 1988. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection and to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, lot 253), both stated on label. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, 1749 (R), cross side struck from 8R die, dots flanking denomination, very rare. S-L23; KM-unl (43 for type); Cal-unl (Type 49). 12.86 grams. Very dark Fine with "horn silver" on surfaces, small edge-crack, but with clear date and denomination .4. below two dots on pillars side, clear denomination :8: above cross, first we have seen with visible date (same dies as lot 1900 in this auction).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1698 H. S-L13; KM-21; Cal-356. 6.76 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, off-center cross, deeply toned XF details with surface porosity, small edge-split.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1718 M, PCGS VF details / holed, ex-August. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-699. 6.00 grams. Exceptionally bold strike, particularly the full pillars and cross, whose high points are resultantly lighter in color, standing in strong contrast to the deeply toned fields, also with nearly full legends, most prominent below the slightly off-center cross (bold king's ordinal V), holed to right. Note: PCGS label does not specify "Royal." Pedigreed to the Richard August Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type). S-P18; KM-10; Cal-919. 25.76 grams. Bold VF with deep toning, good full shield and cross-lions-castles, full P•M with doubling on the assayer making it look like PAL/M, yet with clear REX in legend on reverse to confirm it is pre-1617.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1617) M, mintmark-assayer to RIGHT, extremely rare. S-P19; KM-unl (10 for type); Cal-unl (Type 165). 26.65 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles (slightly doubled) and shield with bold o-VIII denomination to left and clear P•M to right (first example we have seen or heard of), VF+ with deeply contrasting toning. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-262224 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1617) M. S-P19; KM-10; Cal-921. 20.47 grams. the bottom left part of the shield side is strongly doubled, giving the impression that the Full but doubled shield with bold P•M to left (the doubling creating the illusion that the M is over an inverted M), full but slightly doubled cross, some moderate corrosion and minor edge-loss, Fine otherwise, the shield side only with contrasting toning. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-184722 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 PAL, rare, ex-Sellschopp (Plate), Grunthal-Sellschopp Plate. S-P20; KM-10; Cal-922. 25.60 grams. Very bold full PAL monogram to left of full but weaker shield, the cross also full but a bit weak (the date barely discernible) due to light to moderate corrosion (particularly near edge), otherwise Fine, some toning, desirably pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with original lot-tag 625) and Plate Coin 397a in his Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971), also Plate Coin 420 on page 169 of Grunthal-Sellschopp's The Coinage of Peru (1978).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 PAL, rare. S-P20; KM-10; Cal-922. 22.71 grams. Good full cross and shield with full P-PAL despite light to moderate corrosion, 16 and 8 of date mostly visible, darkly contrasting toning all over. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-231248 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 T. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-925. 24.54 grams. Full date outside of good full cross with slight doubling giving the appearance of an A (for ANO) before the date, bold full assayer to left of complete shield with particularly bold crown above, silvery surfaces with light corrosion. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-188186 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 T, quadrants of cross transposed, variety with small P+T. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-926. 26.77 grams. Bold shield with full P+T in small characters (1R punches?) to left inside complete HYSPANYA(RVM) in legend, full cross-and-tressure with faint bottom half of 1618 date, XF details with only light surface corrosion (Grade 1, as stated on tag), very lightly toned. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-262561 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1619 T. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-927. 27.03 grams. Full shield and cross-and-tressure but with one flat area on both sides due to uneven thickness, full date but with the 19 enhanced from tooling, bold P+T and nearly full king's name, AXF with toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T, mintmark retrograde P. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-929. 27.08 grams. Very bold full date outside of choice cross-lions-castles, equally bold full q+T (retrograde-P mintmark) to left of complete shield with doubling on right side only, beautifully toned XF, surely one of the finest known.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T, quadrants of cross transposed, mintmark retrograde P. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-930. 25.65 grams. Broad flan with bold full q+T (retrograde-P mintmark) and denomination o-VIII flanking nearly complete shield, full but doubled date and cross, also interesting with full HYSPANIARVM displaying retrograde P in legend, XF+ with toned fields, practically no corrosion. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-105733 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T, quadrants of cross transposed, mintmark retrograde P over normal P. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-930. 26.59 grams. Bold date outside of very slightly doubled full cross-and-tressure, choice full shield with mintmark-assayer q/P+T to left, AXF with toning in crevices, minimal surface corrosion. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-209493 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T, quadrants of cross transposed, mintmark retrograde P over normal P. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-930. 26.72 grams. Perfectly round flan with very bold mintmark-assayer q/P+T to left of off-center full shield, full cross-and-tressure with just the bottom of the 0 of the date visible, lightly toned and corrosion-free XF. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-106874 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T, upper half of shield transposed. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-929. 23.04 grams. Bold P+T and denomination o-VIII flanking complete shield, very clear date outside of crude full cross, deeply toned AVF with some surface corrosion. From the Atocha (1622), with original Fisher tag 85A-106138 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1621 T, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, ex-Americas, Calbetó Plate. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-933. 27.01 grams. Bold date with last two digits somewhat squeezed at end of legend outside of complete cross-and-tressure, bold full P+T and o-VIII flanking full but doubled shield, richly toned VF, rare and desirable classic reference pedigree (seldom offered). Pedigreed to the "Americas" Collection (Kagin's auction of August 1983, with original lot-tag 1126) and Plate Coin 989 on page 300 of Calbetó's Compendio de las Piezas de Ocho Reales (1970).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1622 P/T, lions and castles transposed in shield, rare. S-P22; KM-unl (19 for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.81 grams. Clear bottom half of 622 of date outside of choice full cross, also clear mintmark-assayer P+P/T to left of nice full shield, just a bit worn (Fine+) and slightly porous, with contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1622 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, rare, ex-Karon. S-P22; KM-19; Cal-1438. 26.59 grams. Broad, oblong flan with bold full date outside of full cross, good full shield with clear P+P to left, part of king's name in legend, toned VF, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Paul Karon Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1990, with original lot-tag 46).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1623 (date as 16ZIII) T/P, quadrants of cross transposed ("flat" lions), lions and castles transposed in shield, very rare. S-P22a; KM-19; Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.11 grams. Bold full ZIIII of date outside of nice full cross, also full shield with clear P*P to left, Fine with contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1623 (date as 16ZIII) (P or T), quadrants of cross transposed ("flat" lions), lions and castles transposed in shield, very rare. KM-19. 25.96 grams. Bold but doubled cross with full II and partial final I of date, full but off-center shield, lightly toned Fine+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1624 (date as 16ZIIII) P/T, quadrants of cross transposed ("flat" lions), lions and castles transposed in shield, very rare. S-P23; KM-unl (19 for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.29 grams. Great full shield and cross with orangish sediment all over (AVF), bold full P/T assayer and II(II) of date (this over-assayer only known for 1624), full HYSPANARVM in legend.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (early 1620s), quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, ex-Americas. S-P21a; KM-19; Cal-Type 327. 27.08 grams. Bold full P+T and good full shield and cross but with only the bottom of 62 of date visible, lightly toned AXF, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the "Americas" Collection (Kagin's auction of August 1983, lot 1125).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1625 P, quadrants of cross and upper half of shield transposed, "flat" lions, very rare. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1443. 26.91 grams. Good full cross and crown and shield with bold denomination O-VIII, clear 2 of date followed by a "\" figure that we believe is the long tail of an improperly engraved 5, AXF with toning in crevices, traces of porosity, thick round flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1625 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, very rare. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1443. 26.99 grams. Thick round flan with bold P•P and o-VIII flanking full shield, full but partially doubled cross with bottom half of 62 of date followed by a part of the retrograde tail of a crude 5 (see previous lot), VF with contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1626 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, very rare. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1445. 26.93 grams. Clear date outside of full but off-center and slightly doubled cross, bold full shield with double right side, bold PHILI(PVS), clear assayer P, unevenly thick VF with toning on fields. Pedigreed to the El Dorado (Almanzar) auction of July 1984, with original lot-tag 485 (erroneously cataloged as 1646 TR).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1626 P/T, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, extremely rare. S-P23; KM-unl (19a for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 26.15 grams. Very clear date with small digit z (probably a 4R punch), clear P assayer with squared-off top indicative of P/T (first example we can confirm for this date), full shield and cross but crudely unevenly thick flan with light orange sediment, Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1626 (P or T), quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, "barbell" after date, very rare. KM-19a. 26.80 grams. Very choice 100% full and bold date and "barbell" ornament, bold but off-center cross, well-detailed full shield with complete denomination O-VIII, VF+ with light golden toning. Pedigreed to the Coins & Antiquities, Ltd (Almanzar) auction of May 1987, with original lot-tag 218. .

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1627 T, quadrants of cross transposed, "hunched over" lions, rare. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-1447. 26.85 grams. Oblong flan with very choice full obverse details including •P•T• and O-VIII, off-center cross with practically full date, well-toned VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1628) P/T, "hunched over" lions. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1448. 27.06 grams. Date not visible but known to be 1628 based on style and bold P/T to left of well-detailed shield, the cross full and bold, VF+ with contrasting toning, edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1628) P/T, "hunched over" lions. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1448. 27.16 grams. Very bold •P•P/T• to left of nice but off-center shield, very bold full cross-lions-castles, date not visible but known by style and assayer, VF with contrasting toning. With George M. Beach dealer tag from 1992.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 162(7-9) T, "hunched over" lions. S-P24; KM-19a. 27.26 grams. Crude flan with very uneven thickness and crack in edge, full 62 of date with last digit altered to look like a 1 (but unmistakable style of 1627-9), full shield and cross, Fine+ with patchy dark toning. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of May 1988, with original lot-tag 703 (erroneously cataloged as 1621).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, heavy-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.25 grams. Choice full shield with bold •8• to right, full Z9 of date outside of complete cross (off-center), contrastingly toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March 1985, lot 591.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, fine-dot borders, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 26.84 grams. Broad flan with unevenly thick edge, bold full •P•T• to left of well-detailed shield, full 9 of date outside of partially weak full cross, holed at top of shield / left of cross, VF with deeply contrasting toning, desirable classic pedigree. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with original lot-tag 655) and Plate Coin 468 in his Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí (1971).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination •8•, fine-dot borders. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 27.30 grams. Choice full cross (slightly doubled at bottom) with tail of 9 of date visible, well-detailed but double-struck full shield, slightly crude edge (as made), XF with light toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1631 T, cross-fleury ornaments. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1456. 26.10 grams. Round but unevenly thick flan with nevertheless well-detailed full shield and cross despite doubling, clear date and P-x-T where the x is a cross fleury and appears above the denomination 8 as well, lightly toned XF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1632 T, Calbetó Plate. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1457. 26.75 grams. Clear bottom half of date outside of double full cross-and-tressure, off-center shield with full •8• to right, VF+ with traces of toning, rare and desirable classic reference pedigree (seldom offered). Plate Coin 1001 on page 305 of Calbetó's Compendio de las Piezas de Ocho Reales (1970).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1633 T, ex-Americas. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1458. 26.84 grams. Round flan with clear date and assayer, full shield and cross with central weakness due to uneven thickness, VG with lightly toned fields, spots of verdigris, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the "Americas" Collection (Kagin's auction of August 1983, with original lot-tag 1138).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1634 T. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1459. 27.29 grams. Bold mintmark and denomination, full final digit 4 of date, the cross and shield full (slightly doubled) but somewhat flat due to uneven thickness, Fine with edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1635 T. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1460. 27.16 grams. Thick and chunky flan with bold •P•T, bold date, good but off-center shield and cross, lightly toned AXF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1636 (T or TR). KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.26 grams. Chunky flan with bold full date and denomination •8•, mot of shield and cross, well-toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1637 (T or TR), Calbetó Plate. KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.38 grams. Unevenly thick flan with full but slightly doubled shield and cross, bold 37 of date, toned VF+, desirable classic reference pedigree (seldom offered). Plate Coin 1007 on page 305 of Calbetó's Compendio de las Piezas de Ocho Reales (1970).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1638 (T or TR). KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.67 grams. Crudely doubled and off-center strike on unevenly thick flan but with bold 3 and most of 8 of date, AVF with very light natural toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1638 TR. S-P27; KM-19a; Cal-1465. 26.61 grams. Bold 638 of date, good full shield, crown, and cross-and-tressure, full denomination •8•, toned VF with neatly drilled hole to left of shield (near bottom of cross).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1641) (TR), quadrants of cross transposed ("furry" lions), Portuguese inescutcheon for Flanders-Tirol, very rare. S-P27; KM-19a; Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.72 grams. Full 164 of date outside of bold cross, well-detailed full shield with clear Portuguese inescutcheon on bottom half (known for the date 1641 only), most of king's name in legend, unevenly thick AVF. According to Bolivian researcher Daniel Oropeza Alba, this strange issue (more prominent on the Royals for this year) is linked to a Portuguese neighborhood within Potosí known as the "Lusitanos" that suffered persecution and dispossession of property as a result of the Portuguese revolution of 1640, which ended Spanish control and restored the Portuguese throne under the Duke of Braganza (João IV). Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of January 1993, with original lot-tag 358 (erroneously cataloged as 1624).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1642 TR, Z/N in date, rare. S-P27; KM-19a; Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.46 grams. Bold date with final digit Z punched over N (sideways Z), full but somewhat weakly struck cross-and-tressure and shield with bold •8• to right, About Fine with patchy toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1644 TR, rare. S-P29a; KM-19a; Cal-1473. 26.87 grams. Full 44 of date, clear assayer (small), good full shield, the cross partially flat and slightly doubled, AVF with light natural toning on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer FR (early 1640s), ex-Karon. S-P28; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.73 grams. Slightly off-center strike with bold full P•FR, 164 of date, doubled cross, About Fine with dark orange encrustation, small edge-crack and tiny hole near bottom, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the Paul Karon Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1990, with original lot-tag 82).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1645/4 (T or TR), Royal-like, unique(?). S-P29 or 30; KM-unl (19a for type); Cal-unl (Type 327). 27.67 grams. Choice, bold, nearly Royal-like details on a round flan with rich toning all over, clear but doubled date that looks like 545 with both 5's exhibiting traces of 5/4 (first example we have seen or heard of), AXF overall.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1645 (T or TR). KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 24.30 grams. Full 5 of date (rarely seen thus), partially flat (due to uneven thickness) but otherwise nice full shield and cross, AXF with contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 164(6-7) T, rare. S-P30; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.09 grams. Full shield and cross, partial date with distinctively small 6 for second digit (an aspect of 1646-7 only), bold full assayer, full king's ordinal IIII, Fine with toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (1640s), Royal-like, ex-Karon. S-P30; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.57 grams. Choice and Royal-like full interior details plus full crown and lots of legend including 164 of date (last digit muddled), unevenly thick edge, XF with lovely toning, described in the Karon auction (desirable pedigree) as "probably the finest non-royal 8R of assayer T in this era." Pedigreed to the Paul Karon Collection (Ponterio auction of March 1990, with original lot-tag 89) and to the Freeman Craig auction of May 1986 (lot 82).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, (1646) V, old lions, rare, ex-Americas. S-P32; KM-19a; Cal-1479. 26.97 grams. Bold full assayer of 1646 only (the date itself not visible), good full shield and cross, lightly toned VF with edge-crack, desirable pedigree. Pedigreed to the "Americas" Collection (Kagin's auction of August 1983, with original lot-tag 1151).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1651 (modern 5) O, no countermark (rare), ex-Maravillas (1656). S-P35; KM-19b; Cal-1489. 23.17 grams. Very broad flan with choice full shield and cross, lots of legend including full PHILIPPVS IIII and 1651 date, lightly to moderately corroded in peripheries, otherwise AXF, traces of toning. From the Maravillas (1656).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), HISPANIARVM with H, "Great Module." S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.39 grams. Exceptionally broad flan (which Sellschopp nicknamed "Great Module") that extends past the outer borders in places, the legends 100% complete and the interiors very well detailed (assayer a bit weak), an apparent die-match with Paoletti 67 but on a much larger flan, in fact at 42mm the widest 1st-period 8R we know of, XF+ with traces of luster, tiny speckles of porosity on reverse. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of January 2004 (lot 1473).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (2nd period). S-P6; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.18 grams. Bold full cross, well-detailed shield but very weak assayer, the flan somewhat smaller in diameter than usual, lightly toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B or B/L, rare. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 18.98 grams. Bold double-C assayer (once considered a different variety) below mintmark to left of full and well-detailed shield with shifted-downward double-strike, bold full cross, nearly full crown despite the loss of most of the periphery to shaving in its time (now about 7 grams underweight), nicely toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period), transitional (comma-like) dots in legends, NGC AU 55, "top pop." S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.49 grams. Choice full interiors (very well detailed) and nearly full crown and legends including a complete "PHIILIPPVS" (the extra I due to slight doubling), well centered and without any flatness, also attractively toned, tied with one other for finest in the NGC census and probably the best example we have seen. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674. 27.46 grams. Deeply toned XF+ with tiny hole at top of cross, choice full inner details (the shield slightly doubled) and parts of legend including full king's name.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (4th period). S-P12; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.03 grams. Non-toned AU with choice full shield and cross, also full crown and some legend, very nice example.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer RL. S-P13; KM-5.1; Cal-675. 27.04 grams. Broad-flan XF+ with peripheral flatness and porosity (partially lightly toned) but well-detailed full interiors including a bold full P-RL.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, borders of x's). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 27.25 grams. Broad flan with complete crown and king's name, bold full P-B and o-VIII, non-toned AU- with some central weakness in the otherwise well-detailed full shield and cross.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, borders of x's). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 26.92 grams. Toned AU- with light sediment on reverse, choice full shield and cross (very slightly doubled), full but weaker crown and P-B.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer R (curved leg), ex-Rosenheim. S-P15; KM-10; Cal-912. 27.36 grams. Broad flan with very bold full P-R and denomination o-VIII flanking a choice full shield below nearly full crown, good full cross (slightly doubled), AXF with dark toning in crevices, a few light old scratches. Pedigreed to the Arturo Rosenheim Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, with original lot-tag 412).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q/R (curved leg), rare. S-P17; KM-10; Cal-915. 19.05 grams. Bold assayer Q with faint upright of R inside it to left of full but doubled shield on corroded obverse, the cross-and-tressure also full and doubled but corrosion-free, XF overall, lightly toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17; KM-10; Cal-916. 26.67 grams. Non-toned AU with bold P-Q and o-VIII, choice full shield and cross, small patches of corrosion on edge.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer Q. S-P17; KM-10; Cal-916. 26.59 grams. Very lightly toned AU- with bold P-Q, choice full shield (slightly doubled) and cross (faintly scuffed), nearly full king's name in legend.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer M/Q, rare, ex-Rosenheim. S-P18; KM-10; Cal-918. 27.28 grams. Full P-M/Q (the over-assayer quite clear), choice full shield and cross, flat peripheries and slightly crude edge, VF with nice toning. Pedigreed to the Arturo Rosenheim Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, with original lot-tag 416).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1619 (T), quadrants of cross transposed, ex-Heber. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-928. 27.14 grams. Very bold but off-center full shield with strong denomination o-VIII, full date with 9 a bit offset outside of full but off-center cross, lightly toned AU with hairline edge-splits, no corrosion despite its provenance. From the Atocha (1622) and the Heber Collection, with tag H 1465 (Grade 2), certificate missing.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1620 T. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-929. 26.52 grams. Bold full cross with 100% complete date (rare thus), the rather small shield (4R sized?) also full and bold, AU with light toning and areas of brown encrustation but no corrosion despite its provenance. From the Atocha (1622), original tag and certificate missing but 85A-212541 in Fisher database.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer T (ca. 1620), quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, mintmark retrograde P over normal P. S-P21; KM-10. 25.73 grams. Oblong flan with great full shield and cross, very bold q/P+T, HISPANIARVN error (N for M), non-toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer T (early 1630s). S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 26.53 grams. Choice full shield with full •8• to right, full but doubled cross with traces of corrosion on that side, otherwise XF with small spots of toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1625 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, very rare, PCGS VF20, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Sellschopp (Plate). S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1443. 27.02 grams. Very bold full shield and (slightly doubled) cross with full final digit of date that looks like a 9 but is actually a 5, followed by erroneous ETD, full king's ordinal IIII, clear assayer P below + ornament (normally a • in this period, per the next lot), contrastingly toned. Note: Hairline crack in slab. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (stated on label), Plate Coin 438 in his 1971 book Las acuñaciones de las cecas de Lima, La Plata y Potosí, also lot 641 in the Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, with Sedwick photo-certificate. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1626 P, quadrants of cross transposed, "flat" lions, rare. S-P23; KM-19a; Cal-1445. 26.83 grams. Good full shield with very bold P•P to left, full cross with bottom part of 626 of date visible, no doubling but some flatness, smallish non-round flan, AVF with very light toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1627 T, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P24; KM-19a; Cal-1447. 27.10 grams. Impressively full 627 date (the 7 punched over what looks like a retrograde 7) followed by a "half barbell" (-•) ornament outside of full but off-center cross, well-detailed full shield, mostly non-toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1628 P/T, "flat" lions, rare. S-P25; KM-19a; Cal-1448. 26.42 grams. Bold 16 and 8 of date outside of good full cross, choice full shield with clear P•P/T to left, XF+ with gunmetal toning all over.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1629 T, denomination o-VIII, heavy-dot borders, PCGS XF40, ex-Rutherford (stated on label). S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1454. 25.89 grams. Great full shield with clear P•T to left and O-VIII to right, bold but doubled full cross with 100% complete 9 of date, orange sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the S.P. Rutherford Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of October 2024, lot 72041). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1631 T. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1456. 27.32 grams. Very deeply rainbow-toned AVF with 100% full date followed by cross-fleury ornament, the cross full but weaker, with well-detailed shield flanked by assayer and denomination (the former next to a scratched flat area that includes a possibly re-engraved mintmark).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1638 TR, very rare, PCGS XF40, finest known. S-P27; KM-R19a; Cal-1398. 26.85 grams. Very broad flan with full legends (albeit with top of date off the edge) including interesting error with E/V in REX, superb full inner details despite very minor doubling, attractively toned and remarkably non-holed, the only example at PCGS and clearly superior to NGC's finest in XF Details grade, die-match with Lázaro 98, a very exciting coin for the trophy hunter and Royal specialist alike. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1638 (T or TR). KM-19a; Cal-Type 327. 27.21 grams. Bold full 3 and bottom half of 8 of date outside of full but mostly flat cross, the shield also full but with a few small, crude pits that appear to be from faulty metal and not corrosion, overall toned AVF on a round flan with unevenly thick edge.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-4.2; Cal-525. 13.14 grams. Richly toned AVF with full but slightly doubled shield and cross exhibiting distinctive large-doorway castles (per Sellschopp 184).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1619 T, ex-Heber. S-P21; KM-9; Cal-777. 11.68 grams. Good full shield and cross despite flat spots and traces of surface corrosion, clear 19 of date (not noted on tag, which specifies this coin as Grade 1), VF details overall. From the Heber Collection of coins from the Atocha (1622), with original tag H-743 (certificate missing).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1628 T/P, rare, PCGS VF35, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Pat Johnson. S-P24; KM-unl (17a for type); Cal-unl (Type 279). 13.41 grams. Full but doubled shield and cross, clear date (more than half of each digit visible) and T/P assayer (slab label just says P), light orange sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Pat Johnson Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1628(?) (T or P), quadrants of cross transposed. KM-17a; Cal-Type 279. 12.25 grams. Full but off-center cross (possessing distinctive lions) with crude bottoms of Z8 of date (not 100% certain), good full shield with central flatness, bold mintmark P above • (assayer obscured), non-toned XF with areas of corrosion.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1632 T, rare, PCGS VF details / planchet flaw, finest and only example in PCGS census, ex-Americas, ex-Pat Johnson (stated on label). S-P26; KM-17a; Cal-1096. 12.68 grams. Very choice full four-digit date outside of half-flat cross, bold but rather off-center shield exhibiting a large natural lacuna at top, traces of toning and orange sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Americas Collection (Kagin's auction of August 1983, with original lot-tag 1137) and to the Pat Johnson Collection (Stack's Bowers auction of November 2022, lot 71084). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Ramos), rotated lions (unique?). S-P13; KM-3.2; Cal-unl (Type 127). 6.59 grams. Bold full cross with lions curiously rotated 90 degrees clockwise (the only example we have ever seen or heard of), choice full shield (slightly doubled) with full P-R and denomination, VF with toned fields, holed at top of shield.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1658 E, denomination 8 above cross. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1522. 27.59 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves on a very odd-shaped flan with three dates including bold 1658 in legend and 658 twice below cross due to slight doubling, scarcer variety with denomination instead of pomegranate at top, all three mintmarks and assayers, attractively toned VF with a few light, old scratches in periphery.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1661 E. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1525. 27.12 grams. Very broad flan with doubled but very well-detailed full cross-lions-castles and pillars with 100% complete waves, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, toned VF+ with crude hole below waves / left of cross.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1669/8 E, rare, NGC XF details / plugged, ex-Trastámara, ex-Parsons. S-P37b; KM-unl (R26 for type); Cal-664. 26.79 grams. Very broad flan with 100% full details including not just the legends but also the outer borders, a bit double struck but nicely toned, the repaired hole through the O of ANO almost undetectable, with distinctively shaped 6 and 9 in both pillars-side dates, that side not a match with either example in Lázaro (181 and 182), the cross side of both of which IS a match with this coin and in fact with every example known. Note: The 9/8 overdate (not noted by NGC) only appears below the cross. Pedigreed to the Trastámara Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2017, lot 371) and the Parsons Collection (Christensen auction of March 1966, lot 3239), as well as the ANE (Calicó) auction of May 1967 (lot 435). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1669 E. S-P37b; KM-26; Cal-700. 25.98 grams. Choice example with well-detailed full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three complete dates and assayers, interesting partial double-strike that shifted the full crown down and to the right and placed the denomination 8 on the right-hand pillar, XF with light steely toning over slightly porous surfaces.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1669 E. S-P37b; KM-26; Cal-700. 26.08 grams. Somewhat barrel-shaped flan with full but mostly weak pillars-and-waves and cross, three dates (rare thus), deeply toned VF with minor marks.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1672 E, with Guatemala sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on cross, NGC VF details / plugged, c/s AU weak, ex-Gibbs. KM-96.1; host: S-P37b; KM-R26; Cal-668. 25.73 grams. Broad flan with full but slightly doubled legends, the pillars side matching Lázaro 188 and the cross side matching 190, with nice rich toning all over, the countermark deep but crude (as made), with two plugged holes at top of cross / bottom of pillars, desirable pedigree (not mentioned on label). Pedigreed to the Howard Gibbs Collection (Schulman auction of April 1966, lot 670). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1688 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-730. 26.39 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, double-struck cross, two dates and mintmarks, three assayers, AVF with flat areas, traces of gold-colored residue.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1691 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-734. 26.77 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves with both dates on that side clear, full but weaker cross (with scuffs on high points) exhibiting a third date below, CAROLVS II in legend, all three mintmarks and assayers, lightly toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1695 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-738. 26.99 grams. Great full pillars-and-waves and cross (both a bit softly struck) with two bold dates and three assayers, lightly toned VF with large natural edge-crack in a flat area.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1697 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-740. 26.95 grams. Chunky Fine+ with crude details from rotated double-strike and large edge-crack, still with two dates, contrastingly toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1698 F, PCGS XF40. S-P42; KM-26; Cal-744. 27.37 grams. Very chunky, crude flan with multiple edge-cracks, weakly struck (also doubled) and low in contrast, yet with two clear dates and nearly pristine surfaces. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1699 F. S-P42; KM-26; Cal-745. 26.95 grams. Chunky flan with weak details but in very high grade (AU-UNC), rather doubled but with full pillars and clear date and assayer.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1701 Y, NGC VF 20. S-P43; KM-26; Cal-unl (Type 111). 26.1 grams. Choice, well-centered full pillars with bold date, off-center cross with clear assayer, all within rather flat peripheries but free of any doubling, contrastingly toned, partial hairline edge-crack. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1704 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1539. 26.19 grams. Nearly full pillars and cross on a chunky pillow-shaped flan with clear date and all three assayers, VF with light toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1705 Y, with chopmarks from circulation in Asia. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1540. 26.28 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves, full but doubled cross, non-toned VF, with a couple small chopmarks on the pillars side (very scarce on this type).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1711 Y, PCGS VF30, finest and only example in PCGS census. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1547. 26.25 grams. Very chunky flan with small edge-cracks, full but doubled pillars harboring a clear date and assayer (scarce date), nearly full but very crude cross, very lightly toned. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1712 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1548. 26.09 grams. Very choice example of this scarce date (probably the finest known in terms of strike), with full and well-centered pillars and cross, the flan still chunky but far less crude than usually seen, small edge-split, VF with gorgeous toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1715 Y, rare, NGC VF details / edge filing. S-P43a; KM-R31; Cal-1487. 27.75 grams. Rather broad flan for this period with complete legends and choice interior details exhibiting a minimum of the doubling that typically plagues this type, beautiful contrasting toning on fields, very rare as unholed (hence the NGC "details" grade is a bit unfair, especially considering the "edge filing" is limited to a few old striations that exist on nearly all Royals anyway, and in both of their offerings of this coin the Ponterios said nothing about filing), die-match with Lázaro 259 (rated R2). Pedigreed to the Ponterio auctions of December 1986 (lot 474) and March 1995 (lot 1130). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1716 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1552. 24.09 grams. Very bold, full, and well-centered pillars-and-waves, the cross also full but with lower-left quadrant flat, two dates and assayers, three mintmarks, rather high grade (non-toned AU).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1718 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1554. 26.09 grams. Bold date and denomination in center despite at least 75% flatness, Fine with edge-crack, nicely toned at least.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1719 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1555. 25.68 grams. Two bold dates, king's ordinal V, the pillars doubled and the cross off-center and both sides at least 60% flat, yet richly toned and no worse than VF for actual wear, also a rather scarce date.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1721 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1557. 26.36 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves with clear assayer and date (scarce), double-struck cross, richly toned VF on a typically chunky flan with hairline edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1731 M. S-P44; KM-31a; Cal-1564. 27.20 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three dates and assayers, frosty UNC (or close to it) with hairline crack in flat peripheries (chunky flan).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1731 M. S-P44; KM-31a; Cal-1564. 26.49 grams. Three dates, full pillars and cross but somewhat crudely toned (mostly dark) and with scratches and encrustation on cross, VF+ for actual wear.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1732 M. S-P44; KM-31a; Cal-1565. 26.96 grams. Chunky but round flan with choice full cross-lions-castles and (slightly doubled) pillars-and-waves with two dates, three assayers, non-toned UNC or close to it.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1733 YA, rare. S-P45; KM-31a; Cal-1567. 26.96 grams. Unusually broad flan (but still typically chunky) with 100% cross-lions-castles and (slightly doubled) pillars-and-waves in non-toned UNC (or close to it), two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers (very clear, which is particularly desirable for this two-year rarity).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1736 E, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census. S-P46; KM-31a; Cal-1571. Broad but chunky flan with bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, double-struck all over but with two bold dates and all three mintmarks, technically finest known for straight grades, as there are also two in UNC Details. Note: Edge of slab is slightly chipped. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1737 E. S-P46; KM-31a; Cal-1573. 26.99 grams. Round but typically chunky flan with choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles (both a trifle doubled), two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, non-toned UNC or close to it.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1739 M. S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1577. 26.80 grams. Very bold full pillars and cross-lions-castles, two dates and assayers, all three mintmarks, faintly toned UNC, typically chunky flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1740 M. S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1578. 27.05 grams. Choice full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves with lovely toning all over, two dates, three assayers, typically chunky XF with hairline edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1741 P. S-P48; KM-31a; Cal-1580. 26.89 grams. Very bold full P-741-P within full pillars above full waves, messily doubled cross with second date below and P's to right and left, deeply toned VF+ with as-made surface roughness on opposing sides.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1742 P. S-P48; KM-31a; Cal-1581. 27.12 grams. Round but chunky flan with parts of edge cracked and crude (as made), full pillars and cross, two dates on pillars side, silvery UNC.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1742 C. S-P49; KM-31a; Cal-1583. 26.89 grams. Very chunky flan with bold full pillars, full but off-center cross, two dates and assayers, lightly toned XF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1744 C. S-P49; KM-31a; Cal-1585. 26.89 grams. Bold full cross-lions-castles, full pillars, three dates and mintmarks, two assayers, lightly toned AXF on a typically chunky flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1745 q, very rare, NGC XF details / plugged. S-P50; KM-R31a; Cal-1518. 26.66 grams. Very thick, small-diameter flan with practically no legends but at least part of the 8 above the cross, very richly toned and deeply struck, doubled only on the upper part of the cross, with the inevitable plugged hole at bottom of cross, the dies an apparent hybrid of Lázaro 301 (R4) and 302 (RX), in any case quite rare as one of only four of this date known. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1745 q. S-P50; KM-31a; Cal-1588. 27.50 grams. Chunky flan with bold full pillars and cross, two dates, somewhat low in contrast from deep toning and sediment in crevices, AXF with small edge-cracks.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1747 q. S-P50; KM-31a; Cal-1590 (Ph. V); or S-P50a; KM-40; Cal-509 (Ferd. VI). 27.12 grams. Good full cross, full but off-center pillars, two dates, lightly toned XF on a typically chunky flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1749 q. S-P50a; KM-40; Cal-511. 27.59 grams. Round but chunky flan with choice full cross-lions-castles and (slightly off-center) pillars-and-waves, two dates, parts of all three assayers, AU-UNC with very light toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1750 E/q, rare, ex-Rutherford. S-P51; KM-40; Cal-514. 26.11 grams. Typically chunky flan with very bold but off-center full pillars featuring a full date and very clear E/q assayer, nearly full cross with FERD- of king's name in legend and clear assayer E (not in retrograde) on that side, lightly toned XF with minute traces of porosity. Pedigreed to the S.P Rutherford Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1751 q/E, rare. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-517. 27.38 grams. Full but relatively softly struck pillars and cross on a chunky flan with sharp edges indicative of very high grade (non-toned UNC or close to it), three clear dates and mintmarks, two assayers with just the one to right of cross punched over previous assayer E.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1751 q, NGC AU 50. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-518. 26.89 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with two dates, all three mintmarks and assayers, chunky flan with very small edge-crack, very faint toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1752 q, NGC AU 53. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-522. 27.39 grams. Very chunky flan with sharp edges (fully UNC in our opinion), with great full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, all three mintmarks and assayers, minimal light toning. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1753 q. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-524. 26.43 grams. Good full cross, off-center full pillars-and-waves, two bold dates, chunky-flan UNC with as-made roughness near edge on opposing sides, minimal light toning, clear FERDINA(NDVS) in legend.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1753 C/q, rare. S-P53; KM-40; Cal-525. 26.19 grams. Odd-shaped, chunky flan UNC with traces of porosity, bold full pillars and (off-center) cross, no toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1754 C+q. S-P53; KM-40; Cal-528. 27.02 grams. Very chunky flan with hairline edge-split and areas of surface roughness (as made?), otherwise silvery UNC, with bold date within full pillars, bold assayer C at top right and clear but weaker assayer q at bottom left, off-center cross with bold second assayer C to right.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1754 C. S-P53; KM-40; Cal-527. 26.99 grams. Very chunky VF with deep toning, off-center strike with one complete pillar exhibiting bold date and full assayer C at top right, nearly full cross with partial second date below and assayer C to right.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1754 q/C, rare. S-P54; KM-40; Cal-530. 26.71 grams. Chunky, odd-shaped flan (rectangular with angle-cut corner), full right-hand pillar with bold date and mintmark and assayer q/C, nearly full cross with possible assayer C to right, minimally toned AU-UNC with peripheral surface roughness (as made?).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1756 q. S-P54; KM-40; Cal-534. 27.78 grams. Chunky flan with very crude edge (as made), bold full pillars and (off-center) cross with two dates, richly toned XF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1757 q. S-P54; KM-40; Cal-535. 27.41 grams. Very bold and 100% complete pillars, the cross also full but weaker, two dates, three assayers and mintmarks, chunky VF with areas of dark toning/oxidation.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1759 q. S-P54; KM-40; Cal-537. 27.69 grams. Bold XF with lovely rainbow toning on a very chunky flan, surface roughness on opposing sides as usual.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1762 V-Y, interesting double-strike. S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1138. 27.01 grams. Atypically broad flan (still chunky) with exceptionally bold legend date on pillars side due to interesting double-strike that also enables a bold CAROL- of king's name on other side, all three assayers fully visible (also unusual), deeply toned VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1762 V-(Y). S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1138. 27.06 grams. Chunky flan with somewhat flat strike for the era, still with two bold dates and two clear assayers (V), very clear monogrammed TE for king's ordinal TERTIVS in legend, richly toned Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1763 V-(Y). S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1139. 26.86 grams. Very chunky round flan with good full cross, full pillars (the right-hand pillar 100%), two dates and two assayers (both V), lightly toned VF with typical as-made roughness near edges.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1766 V-(Y). S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1142. 27.15 grams. Strong full cross and complete pillars-and-waves with two assayers (both V), AU or better but with brown sediment all over, typically chunky flan.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1768 V-(Y). S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1145. 26.79 grams. Two dates, nearly full pillars and cross but somewhat crude overall, chunky VF with nice toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1769 V-Y. S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1147. 26.84 grams. Great full cross and (slightly doubled) pillars with contrasting toning, clear date and parts of all three assayers, VF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1770 V-(?). KM-45; Cal-Type 109. 26.69 grams. Slightly off-center strike, the full pillars with clear date and V but not enough of the bottom-left panel to say whether it is a Y or J or something else, clear second date and assayer V on cross side, VF with patchy black and brown toning and sediment.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1771 V-Y. S-P59; KM-45; Cal-1154. 27.03 grams. Chunky but round flan with well-centered full pillars, slightly off-center cross, deeply toned AVF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1656 E, PH at top. S-P37a; KM-18; Cal-1119. 13.62 grams. Full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross, two bold dates, silvery AVF with peripheral flatness and parts of edge crude.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1669 E, NGC XF details / environmental damage. S-P37b; KM-25; Cal-512. 12.91 grams. Full cross with well-detailed crown above and partial 669 date below, full pillars with two full dates on that side due to doubling, all three assayers and mintmarks, very deeply toned with traces of porosity, two edge-splits. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1721 Y. S-P43a; KM-30; Cal-1173. 13.26 grams. Very crude flan (somewhat interesting) with ragged edge (as made) and rather uneven strike (much flatness but tops of pillars sharp), but with two dates and full assayer, scarce.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1739 M. S-P47; KM-30a; Cal-1196. 14.19 grams. Rather chunky flan with very crude cross side, one complete pillar with bold date and assayer, VF with toning in crevices and traces of porosity (yet overweight).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1741 P. S-P48; KM-30a; Cal-1199. 13.02 grams. Full pillars, bold but off-center cross on a chunky flan with porous surfaces, otherwise VF with toning in crevices, two dates.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1742 C/P, rare, ex-Sellschopp. S-P49; KM-30a; Cal-1201. 13.49 grams. Chunky, odd-shaped flan with deep toning and sediment, AVF with lightly striated high points, off-center cross, full pillars with clear date and assayer C/P at top right, desirably pedigreed. Pedigreed to the Sellschopp Collection (Swiss Bank Corp. auction of September 1988, group lot 888).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1742 C/P, rare. S-P49; KM-30a; Cal-1201. 13.72 grams. Good full pillars-and-waves with bold date and two C/P assayers, doubled full cross with second date below, VF with toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1743 C. S-P49; KM-30a; Cal-1203. 13.13 grams. Bold full pillars, good but off-center cross, two dates and mintmarks and assayers, VF+ with toning in crevices, a few light old scratches.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1745 q. S-P50; KM-30a; Cal-1206. 13.41 grams. Exceptionally well-detailed full pillars-and-waves (albeit off-center), messily doubled cross, two dates, all three mintmarks and assayers, nicely toned XF.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1751 q/E, rare. S-P52; KM-39; Cal-unl (Type 55). 12.99 grams. Nearly full pillars, doubled cross, two full dates, two assayers (bottom left on pillars side and right of cross), both showing clear q/E, contrastingly toned Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1760 q, NGC XF details / cleaned. S-P54; KM-39; Cal-417. 13.43 grams. Richly toned, roundish but typically chunky flan with bold central details including pillars-side date, to the left of which is the upright of a q assayer. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1721 Y, very rare, PCGS VF details / holed, finest and only example in PCGS census. S-P43a; KM-R29; Cal-846. 6.73 grams. Perfectly round and evenly struck with 100% full inner details (pillars side slightly off-center), richly toned all over, with hole at bottom of pillars / near top of cross, only the second example we have seen (the other being the KM Plate Coin), with none in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1741 P, very rare, NGC / clipped. S-P48; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 112). 5.88 grams. Perfectly round as trimmed around the edge but with very bold full interior details enhanced by deeply contrasting toning on fields, around VF but not graded by NGC due to the clipping, only the second example we have encountered (the other graded XF details by NGC), which somehow did not make it into the KM and/or Calicó listings. Please use this link to verify the certification number