MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Latin R over Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with PLVSVT, NGC AU 50, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith 6c/6c for type; S-M1; Cal-115; KM-16. Exceptionally broad flan extending past the outer border in places, with bold full interiors and legends, slightly doubled shield, lovely rich toning. This shield die was also used by the next assayer (P). The doubling of the assayer-mark at the bottom between the pillars is R/R. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Latin R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with PLVS, NGC XF 40, ex-Sedwick-Downing, Nesmith Plate Coin (both stated on label). Nesmith-6a; S-M1; Cal-115; KM-16. 13.05 grams. Very light rainbow toning (low contrast), with minor hairline edge-crack on pillars side only, full legends (except for part of shield side) with curious OO doubling for IOHANA, full inner details, important pedigree. Plate Coin 6a in Nesmith's Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City, 1536-1572 (1955) and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with PLVSVT, NGC XF details / sea salvaged / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Blue Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith 6 for type/6c; S-M1; Cal-115; KM-16. 13.12 grams. Full round flan with interiors and legends fully visible, no corrosion, steel gray toning all over but darker around details, one of only three known with only four dots in shield-side crown and among the earliest types. The doubling of the assayer-mark at the bottom between the pillars is R/R. From the "Golden Fleece” wreck (ca. 1550), with certificate, and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P over Latin R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with (:)PLVSV(:), rare, NGC XF details / sea salvaged / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Brown Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-6bc/6c type (under assayer R); S-M4; Cal-117; KM-17. 12.83 grams. Broad flan with legends and interiors complete, some corrosion on shield side, low-contrast toning all over. Both the shield and the pillars sides are die-matches with assayer-R dies. From the “Golden Fleece” wreck (ca. 1550), pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to left, mintmark M to right (oPo-oMo, dotted annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with two dotted annulets in each side, HISPANIE variety, very rare, NGC XF 45, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Rudman (both stated on label). Nesmith-21; S-M4; Cal-77; KM-17. 13.57 grams. Choice full interiors and legends on both sides, with lovely rich toning all over, a very desirable (and very rare) example of early assayer P with HISPANIE in the legend and use of K instead of H. Note that examples of P-M are much rarer than M-P. Pedigreed to the Isaac Rudman Collection and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to left, mintmark M to right (oPo-oMo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in right-leaning panel with two annulets in each side, HISPANIARVM variety, rare, NGC XF details / cleaned / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Brown Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-21; S-M4; Cal-77; KM-17. 13.34 grams. Full details except for a couple flat areas and only traces of corrosion near part of edge yet nicely toned all over. Note that examples of P-M are much rarer than M-P. From the "Golden Fleece" wreck (ca. 1550) and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, dotted annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with two dotted annulets in each side, NGC AU 53 / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Brown Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-26 for type; S-M4; Cal-123; KM-17. 13.48 grams. Broad flan with choice full legends and inner details, deeply toned over muted luster, the assayer slightly weak. Note this is the HISPANIE variety with HISPANIARET error and REG/XE at end of pillars-side legend, undoubtedly a transition from HISPANIE to HISPANIARVM, also with unusual pillars-side stops consisting of cross potents surrounded by four annulets. From the "Golden Fleece" wreck (ca. 1550) and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in right-leaning panel with two annulets in each side, HISPANIARVM variety, NGC AU 53, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-26 for type/26a; S-M4; Cal-123; KM-17. 13.47 grams. Nice toning with hints of luster, bold full inner details and nearly full legends, high grade. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with two annulets in each side, HISPANIARVM variety, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-26b type/26b; S-M4; Cal-123; KM-17. 13.44 grams. Bold full legends and interiors with quatrefoils as stops in the pillars-side legend, very evenly toned. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers and Ponterio auction of January 2012, with original lot-tag 2669, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer F to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-Fo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with one annulet in each side, extremely rare, NGC AU details / environmental damage, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Huntington (both stated on label), Nesmith Plate. Nesmith-16; S-M3; Cal-120; KM-17. 11.65 grams. Full legends and interiors with only localized surface corrosion, light golden toning, an extremely rare issue from the rarest assayer of the entire Mexican Charles-Joanna series, also with important pedigrees as de-accessed from the Huntington Collection at the Hispanic Society of America and the Nesmith Plate Coin. This was the die variety used by Kent Ponterio in his die study to assign the correct sequence of assayers (see Ponterio Auction 150 of August 2009, p. 146). Pedigreed to the Huntington Collection, with original tag number 784, and the Morton & Eden auction of March 2013, with original lot-tag 329, and Plate Coin 16 in Nesmith's Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City, 1536-1572 (1955), also pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oM/Fo (plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with one annulet in each side, rare, NGC XF details / sea salvaged / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Blue Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-unlisted; S-M2; Cal-unlisted; KM-17. 13.24 grams. Broad, round flan with choice full legends and inner details, faint surface corrosion, attractively toned, a nice example of this rare over-assayer. From the "Golden Fleece" wreck (ca. 1550), pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oMo (plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning panel with one annulet in each side, NGC AU 53, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-11a; S-M2; Cal-119; KM-17. 12.92 grams. Deeply toned, with virtually full interiors and legends showing quatrefoils as stops on the shield side and an unusual end of double lozenges on the pillars side. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers and Ponterio auction of January 2012, with original lot-tag 2671, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 3 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, no waves, three-bars denomination, crown outside beads, very rare, NGC F details / env. damage, cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-5d type/5d type; S-M1; Cal-114; KM-14. 9.55 grams. Lightly toned with virtually full legends and interiors (softly struck in places), slightly doubled pillars, lettering in legend a mixture of Gothic and Latin. This "three bars" type was struck for just a short period of time after the three-dots variety and is quite rare in any condition. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 3 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, no waves, three-dots denomination, crown outside beads, rare, NGC F details / plugged, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-5c; S-M1; Cal-112; KM-15. 9.41 grams. Nicely toned, with bold full shield (slightly doubled at bottom) and parts of legend on that side (including the whole king's name), full but partially weak pillars, denomination, motto and assayer, with repaired hole near edge below left pillar, rather competent for this highly sought type, a unique denomination struck for a very short time only at this mint. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with PLVS, NGC XF 45, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-4 for type/4; S-M1; Cal-86; KM-10. 6.50 grams. Full legends and interiors with brownish toning on fields, a later emission of 2 reales but still with Gothic R as opposed to the even later Latin R, hard to find in any condition. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Latin R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, rhomboid panel with PLVS, unique, NGC AU details / corrosion, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-unl; S-M1; Cal-unl; KM-10. 6.57 grams. Bold full legends and inner details, the shield doubled and with light surface corrosion but still recognizable as a die-match with a later assayer-P coin (note the mostly Gothic lettering), the pillars side showing the only known rhomboid panel in 2 reales, very darkly toned with virtually full legends. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P over Latin R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, oval panel with PLVS, unique, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-4 type/4a under assayer R; S-M1; Cal-unl; KM-10. 6.61 grams. Nicely toned with very minor porosity, bold full inner details, the legends with almost all-Gothic lettering on shield side and mostly Latin lettering on pillars side, both die matches with known assayer-R coins (different coins each side). Currently there is no other known P/R in 2 reales. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to left, mintmark M to right (oPo-oMo, dotted annulets), motto as PLVS in right-leaning rhomboid panel with double dotted annulets on either side, rare, NGC AU details / corrosion, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-20 type/20; S-M4; Cal-92; KM-11. 6.43 grams. While types with the assayer initial to the right are not uncommon, those with the assayer initial to the left (like this example) are rare and probably some of the earliest emissions from this assayer. Note the misspellings of HISPANDIE and IOANA. The stops in the legends are early types too with dotted annulets. Clear legends and full interiors despite some pits of corrosion on pillars side, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, HISPANIARVM variety, NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-25e; S-M4; Cal-91; KM-11. 6.67 grams. Attractively toned with full legends and interiors, interesting variety with quatrefoils used as stops between words in legend on shield side. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer F to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oFo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, extremely rare, NGC VF details / tooled, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-15; S-M3; Cal-90; KM-11. 5.91 grams. Full interiors and nearly full legends despite weak areas, tooling, and cleaning that imparted a coppery toning all over, overall still quite acceptable for such a rare issue of assayer F, the pillars side a die match with an assayer-G issue (which is what Hubbard thought it was, just the G rubbed off, as recorded on his tag), but also a die match with another assayer-F example (look at Sedwick Auction 4, lot 202). Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, motto as PLVSVL in oval panel, rare, NGC AU 53, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-3c; S-M1; Cal-60; KM-7. 3.43 grams. Richly toned and well struck with nearly full legends (mostly Gothic), nice pillars and lions-and-castles, among the very first variety of Rincón coins issued from the Mexico City Mint. Pedigreed to the Freeman Craig auction of March 1981, with original lot-tag 414, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to left, mintmark M to right without annulets (P-M), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with double annulets on either side, HISPANIE variety, rare, NGC VF 30, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Hubbard (both stated on label). Nesmith-19a type /19; S-M4; Cal-64; KM-unl (7 for type). 3.24 grams. Tied with two others for second finest known in the NGC. This lightly toned example with full legends and inner details, is of the rare P-M variety with a left-leaning panel. In addition, it is one with a very interesting terminal G in the shield legend (only one other known, in the Banco de Mexico collection) and must have been an earlier emission. It was purchased by Hubbard after Nesmith had already published his book, otherwise it would have been included as a different variety from the others. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in right-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, HISPANIARVM variety, rare, NGC F 15, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Hubbard (both stated on label), ex-Laguette, Nesmith Plate Coin. Nesmith-24c; S-M4; Cal-63; KM-unlisted (7 for type). 3.18 grams. This little gem with desirable pedigree has lovely toning, despite some old scratches, with full legends and interiors. Note that the quatrefoils in the shield-side legend are less ornate than earlier emissions under this assayer. Pedigreed to the Lucio Laguette Collection and the Clyde Hubbard Collection (stated on label), with his tag, plated as a drawing on page 89 of Robert Nesmith's The Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City, 1536-1572 (1955), also pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in right-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, HISPANIARVM variety, rare, NGC VF details / stained, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Hubbard (both stated on label), Nesmith Plate Coin. Nesmith-24e; S-M4; Cal-63; KM-unl (7 for type). 3.23 grams. A slightly off-center strike makes the coin legends tough to decipher, but the all-important terminal letters are visible. Overall, it has a frosty tone with some central weakness, rich in detail elsewhere. Its main value is the fact that it was photographed in Nesmith, thanks to its former residence in Clyde Hubbard's collection. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and plated as a drawing for 24e on page 90 and as an actual photo on Plate IV of Robert Nesmith's The Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City, 1536-1572 (1955), also pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left (oMo-oPo, plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with double annulets on either side, HIS:PANIE variety, rare, NGC VF 25, ex-Sedwick-Downing, Calicó Plate (both stated on label). Nesmith-24a type/24 for type; S-M4; Cal-63; KM-unl (7 for type). 3.26 grams. An early emission under assayer P, with virtually full legends and interiors, somewhat softly struck. Note the more elaborate quatrefoils in the shield-side legend which became less ornate on later coins. Plate Coin 63 on page 58 of Calicó's Numismática española (2019), pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oM/F/Po (plain annulets), motto as PLVS in left-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, very rare, NGC F 15, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-9 (no overassayer noted); S-M2; Cal-unl (61 for type); KM-unl (7 for type). 3.2 grams. Full legends and interiors despite a slightly off-center strike, with moderate softening on the high points (more like VF) with great contrasting toning, clearly an over-assayer strike with a die match to assayer P and assayer F coins, and very rare as such. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer Gothic R (Rincón) at bottom between pillars, mintmark m (Gothic) below KI, motto as PLVS (Gothic) in oval panel, very rare, ex-Sedwick-Downing. Nesmith-2; S-M1; Cal-41; KM-6. 1.43 grams. Among the very first coins struck at the Mexico City Mint, with all-Gothic lettering and the king’s name misspelled as KROLVS (maybe to save space?), broad flan with virtually full legends and interiors despite flat areas and some waviness, overall Fine with toning around details, an essential coin for collectors of this series, with few surviving examples. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers and Ponterio auction of August 2013, with original lot-tag 13273, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage.

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer P to right, mintmark M to left of monogram (oMo-oPo), motto as PLV in left-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, rare, NGC VF details / edge damage, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label), ex-Hubbard, Nesmith Plate. Nesmith-23; S-M4; Cal-44; KM-6. 1.53 grams. Deeply toned with full interiors and virtually full legends, minor some spots and the edge perhaps a bit rounded. This is the Nesmith 23 plate drawing (the photo in the back of the book is of another coin), and while he listed examples in other collections (and there are numerous examples of this early HISPANIE variety for which there is also an assayer F/P shield-side die match), he chose to draw this one, as it is a clear example. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and plated as a drawing on page 86 of Robert Nesmith's The Coinage of the First Mint of the Americas at Mexico City, 1536-1572 (1955), also pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer F to right of monogram, mintmark M to left (oMo-oFo), motto as PLV in left-leaning rhomboid panel with double annulets on either side, extremely rare, NGC VG details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-13; S-M3; Cal-43; KM-unl (6 for type). 1.28 grams. Somewhat crudely struck, with weak assayer, but 100% identifiable and with parts of legends bold, Fine overall with some toning around details. This assayer is highly sought for its rarity, and in fact this ½ real example is one of only three known to us. It is also a die match to an assayer-P coin and an assayer F/P (oMo-oF/Po). Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 1, lot 350, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G between bottoms of pillars, mintmark M to left and M/F to right (oMo-oM/Fo), motto as PLV in right-leaning rhomboid panel with single annulets on either side, very rare, NGC VG details / environmental damage, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Hubbard. Nesmith-8 for type / 8; S-M2; Cal-42; KM-unl (6 for type). 1.36 grams. As with many ½ real coins, this one is not a perfect specimen, given its spotty toning, uneven strike and small areas of dark "horn" silver; however, it is the only NGC-certified example of oM/Fo, and in general they are not found in top condition, probably from many years of use. Assayer-G coins of this denomination with an over-assayer are very rare, with fewer than ten known. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Early Series," assayer G at bottom between pillars, mintmark oMo-oMo (plain annulets), motto as PLV in right-leaning panel with single annulets on either side, very rare, NGC VG 10, ex-Sedwick-Downing, Calicó Plate, EAPM Plate. Nesmith-8; S-M2; Cal-42; KM-unl (6 for type). 1.36 grams. Full inner elements and legend despite flat areas, lightly toned around details, desirable pedigrees and, most important of all, one of only six known. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of January 2005 (lot 425), and Plate Coin 169 in Calicó's Numismática española (2008) (stated on label), also Plate Coin in El Arte de la Platería Mexicana (cat. 14, p. 426), and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left (M-G), ex-"Silver Palm" site, ex-Ullian. Nesmith-50e; Cal-127; S-M5; KM-18. 13.44 grams. Deeply toned, broad flan with choice full interiors and legends, AU grade, important pedigree as among a handful silver coins found around an old palm tree in the 1960s, as featured in several books by Douglas R. Armstrong and T.L. Armstrong. From the Lou Ullian Collection, with his Real Eight Co. photo-certificate, recovered from the "Silver Palm" site on Cape Canaveral, Florida.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left (M-G), NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label), ex-Bir. Nesmith-50 (for type); S-M5; Cal-127; KM-18. 13.33 grams. Struck on a broad flan with choice full legends and interiors, a bit of corrosion on part of edge. Pedigreed to the Mark Bir Collection (Sedwick Auction 7, with original lot-tag 707 and Bir's tag), and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer R to left, mintmark M to right (R-M), NGC AU 58 / Golden Fleece, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-74; S-M7; Cal-134; KM-18. 13.35 grams. Very broad flan with full legends and interiors, very lightly toned. From the “Golden Fleece” wreck (ca. 1550) and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer R to left, mintmark M to right (R-M), NGC AU details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-74 for type; S-M7; Cal-134; KM-18. 13.32 grams. Full legends and inner details, well centered on a nice large flan, small part of edge slightly crude (as made), steely gray toning, with different legends from the more common type. Note the assayer-mark R is from a smaller denomination. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A/G to right, mintmark M to left (M-A/G), rare, NGC AU 55, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-unlisted (58 for type); S-M6; Cal-unlisted (type 58); KM-unlisted (9 for type). 13.23 grams. Nesmith never saw any A/G over-assayer coins, and not many exist, this example with a bold and clear A punched over G, the coin overall sharply struck with full legends and interiors on a very broad flan with deep charcoal toning, typically high quality of assayer G emissions. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to right, mintmark M to left (M-A), NGC AU 58 / Golden Fleece (Shipwreck Brown Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-58 type; S-M6; Cal-131; KM-18. 13.48 grams. Lustrous and rainbow toned with charcoal undertones, clear legends and bold full interiors on a broad planchet with tiny edge-split. From the “Golden Fleece” wreck (ca. 1550) and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to right, mintmark M to left (M-A), NGC UNC details / environmental damage, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-58; S-M6; Cal-131; KM-18. 13.54 grams. Very broad flan with bold full legends and inner details, deeply rainbow toned, with traces of corrosion near edge. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to left, mintmark oM to right (S-oM), very rare, NGC VF details / sea salvaged / Padre (Shipwreck Blue Label), ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-unl; S-M8; Cal-unl; KM-18. 11.72 grams. Rarest assayer of the "Late Series" coins. Full design (the details more like AU in our opinion) on a broad, round flan enhanced by dark (typically rusty) toning over surface porosity, very bold assayer, one of only a handful of S-oM coins known to exist, a type that was unknown to Nesmith. From the Spanish 1554 Fleet at Padre Island, Texas, and pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L), NGC XF details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-86 for type; S-M9; Cal-135; KM-18. 13.49 grams. Bold strike on a large flan with full legends and interiors, lightly rainbow toned all over. Pedigreed to pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L). Nesmith-86; Cal-135; S-M9; KM-18. 13.08 grams. Choice full legends and interiors (UNC details) with pleasing, even toning, traces of corrosion at parts of edge.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M), with Guatemala sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on pillars side, ex-Sedwick-Downing. Nesmith-86 for type; S-M9; Cal-135; KM-18. 13.05 grams. Very worn host (AVG) struck on a full flan with legends and interiors soft though visible, hairline edge-crack and perfectly circular hole at 2 o’clock, the XF countermark (possibly counterfeit) full and deeply impressed (with characteristic disturbance on opposite side of the coin), punched multiple times and likely rotated between punches, accompanied by an NGC tag that says "questionable c/s." Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-L). Nesmith-90 type; Cal-135; S-M9; KM-18. 13.52 grams. Full legends and interiors but the latter a bit weak in places, AVF overall with a few old marks, deeply rainbow toned near edge on both sides.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 4 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-L). Nesmith-90; Cal-135; S-M9; KM-18. 13.72 grams. Broad-flan VF with some bold strike in parts of the full legends and interiors (nice shield), some flat areas (slightly crude), minimal toning, small edge crack.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left, both with o's above and below (oMo-oGo), king's name as CHAROLVS, NGC VF details / environmental damage, tooled, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-33 type; S-M5; Cal-93; KM-12. 5.91 grams. First of the "Late Series" varieties with small circles above and below the mintmark and assayer (reminiscent of "Early Series" coinage), king's name as CHAROLVS, one of only six known, this one with a very unusual pillars side legend ending in a flower, bold legends, somewhat oxidized surfaces but with nicely contrasting dark toning. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark M to left (M-G), king’s name as CHAROLVS, NGC AU 53, "top pop," ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-49; S-M5; Cal-93; KM-12. 6.78 grams. Early emission from this assayer, struck on a nice broad flan with full legends and interiors, dark chocolate toning, tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Also note the unusual banner of PLV/SVL/TR without the final A. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," inverted assayer G to right, mintmark M to left (M-inverted G), very rare, NGC AU details / brushed, ex-Sedwick-Downing, Jones Plate (both stated on label). Nesmith-unl; S-M5; Cal-unl (93 for type); KM-unl. 6.64 grams. Very rare and interesting die error with assayer's initial punched into the die upside-down (unknown to Nesmith and only eight known to us including present example), traces of luster, light toning around elements of design. All examples are from the same die and this one is probably the nicest of them all, despite the rough cleaning. This die error is only found on 2R and 1R and only for this assayer. Pedigreed to the Dr. Peter Jones collection, plated on page 84 of his book The First Coins of the Americas (2020) (stated on label) and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer R to left, mintmark M to right (R-M), rare. Nesmith-73 type; S-M7; Cal-100; KM-12. 5.76 grams. Full legends and inner details (VF) despite surface porosity all over and some edge missing, nicely toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to right, mintmark M to left (M-A), rare, NGC UNC details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-57b type; S-M6; Cal-97; KM-12. 6.64 grams. Full legends and strong interiors (the pillars side slightly off-center), silvery in color all over, with small edge-crack, hard to find like all the smaller denominations. Pedigreed to the Stack's Bowers and Ponterio auction of January 2013, with original lot-tag 1510, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to left, mintmark M to right (S-M), extremely rare, NGC AU 53, "top pop," ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-unl; S-M8; Cal-96; KM-12. 6.84 grams. Virtually full legends and interiors, dark gray in color, and extremely rare as among only six known of this type (S-M), tied with one other for finest in the NGC census. Note that Nesmith had not seen any coins with assayer S to left in any denomination. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to right, mintmark M to left (M-S), very rare, ex-Sedwick-Downing. Nesmith-77 type; S-M8; Cal-95; KM-unl (12 for type). 5.37 grams. From the rarest of the "Late Series" assayers, with only six known of this type (M-S), mostly shipwreck coins like this one, which shows sharp AU details (full legends and interiors) despite dark toning and thinning from corrosion all over. Coins from this assayer rarely come up for sale; Nesmith had only seen one 2 reales from this assayer and it was an oM-S, which is much less rare. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to left, mintmark M to right (L-M). Nesmith-81a; Cal-102; S-M9; KM-12. 6.81 grams. Beautifully toned XF with good full inner details and nearly full legends, diagonal old mark in center of shield.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer O to left, mintmark M to right (rare as lacking the o), NGC MS 61, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-97; S-M10; Cal-104; KM-12. 6.86 grams. Choice full inner details and nearly full crown and legends, odd extra metal below left pillar (as made), incipient toning at part of edge, rare as MS grade (currently tied with two others for second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 62). Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 2 reales, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer O to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-O). Nesmith-109a; S-M10; Cal-103; KM-12. 6.45 grams. Bold AU details with luster but surface porosity, uneven toning, full interiors and much legend.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to right, mintmark oM to left (oM-G), king's name as CHAROLVS, motto as PL-VS:-VL, NGC XF 40, ex-Sedwick-Downing, ex-Hubbard (both stated on label). Nesmith-52b; S-M5; Cal-65; KM-9. 3.32 grams. Well struck and attractively toned, with virtually full legends and interiors, a strange variety with banner showing PL-VS:-VL• (the dot after the L not specifically mentioned by Nesmith). Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to left, mintmark M to right (M-G), NGC VF 30, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-44b; S-M5a; Cal-65; KM-9. 3.24 grams. Beautifully toned (excellent contrast) with choice full legends and interiors, minor lamination flaw below left pillar. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer R to left, mintmark M to right (R-M), rare, NGC AU 53, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-72; S-M7; Cal-70; KM-9. 3.25 grams. Full legends and interiors, very lightly toned, struck slightly off-center, second highest grade in the NGC census. Nesmith considered assayer-R coins to be very rare and cataloged only a few of them. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer R to right, mintmark M to left (M-R), rare. Nesmith-68b type; Cal-70; S-M7; KM-9. 3.23 grams. VF with light old marks, nicely toned, full interiors and crown, nearly full legends.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to left, mintmark M to right (A-M), very rare, NGC AU 53, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-60; S-M6; Cal-69; KM-9. 3.41 grams. Nice strike (albeit with slightly off-center shield side) with full legends and interiors, attractively toned. While M-A is plentiful, only five A-M like this one are known and Nesmith, who still gave it a number, had never seen one. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer A to right, mintmark M to left (M-A), NGC XF 45, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-56; S-M6; Cal-68; KM-9. 3.36 grams. Superb strike with well-detailed full shield and pillars, virtually full legends, richly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Richard Long auction of April 2002 (lot 320) and to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to right, mintmark M to left (M-S), very rare, NGC XF 45, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-76; S-M8; Cal-67; KM-9. 3.31 grams. Broad flan with bold and full interiors and nearly full legends, all slightly off-center, with contrasting sediment in crevices. Unlike other denominations from this assayer, in 1R only M-S coins are known (none with S to left), less than three dozen in all. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer S to right, mintmark M to left (M-S), very rare. Nesmith-76; Cal-67; S-M8; KM-9. 3.04 grams. Full interiors and nearly full legends, slightly wavy VF with toning on fields.

MEXICO, Mexico City, 1 real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, mintmark M to left (M-L), NGC XF 40, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-84a; S-M9; Cal-72; KM-9. 3.29 grams. Solid example for this assayer with round flan, full legends and interiors, good toning, vertical stain in center of pillars side, spot of extra metal in the legend (as made). Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer G to left, mintmark M to right, king’s name as CHAROLVS, NGC F details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-43 for type (pillars side legend different); S-M5a; Cal-46; KM-6.5. 1.52 grams. Choice bold monogram and mintmark and assayer, nicely toned and struck on a large planchet. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, o in middle, mintmark M to left (M-o-L), NGC VF details / cleaned, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-83; S-M9; Cal-50; KM-6.5. 1.54 grams. Very broad and thin (and slightly wavy) flan, legends and interiors bold and full, darkly toned. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, ½ real, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," assayer L to right, o to left and mintmark M between o's below monogram (o-oMo-L), NGC VF details / bent, ex-Sedwick-Downing (stated on label). Nesmith-87b; S-M9; Cal-50; KM-6.5. 1.56 grams. Nicely struck with full interiors and legends, interesting rainbow toning on edges, hard type to find in better condition. Pedigreed to the Sedwick-Downing Collection of Mexican Charles-Joanna Coinage. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, copper 4 maravedís, Charles-Joanna, "Late Series," no assayer (period of assayer G). Nesmith-5a; Cal-31; KM-unl. 5.64 grams. Fine details but typically porous surfaces all over, full legends and inner details despite weak spots, toned on fields, spots of verdigris.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination 8 (round top) to right, rosette stops in legend, NGC AU details / cleaned. S-M11; KM-43; Cal-661. 27.41 grams. Broad, slightly odd-shaped flan with bold full shield, good full crown and cross-lions-castles, some weak spots from uneven thickness, full denomination 8, toned here and there, popular type as once believed to be the first "crown" of Mexico. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.31 grams. Excellent full cross and shield (both very well detailed and well centered) in choice AU grade with luster under light toning, the peripheries flat. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), figure-8 ornaments in legend, ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.35 grams. Neatly round flan with full cross-lions-castles and shield, also full crown flanked by figure-8's, full oMF and 8, (GRA)TIA in legend, deeply toned VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type). S-M12a; KM-44.1; Cal-881. 27.17 grams. AU- with luster under light toning, full cross-lions-castles and nearly full shield, full denomination 8 and part of GRATIA but otherwise flat in peripheries, with old test-cut in edge.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip III or IV, assayer D. 26.40 grams. Broad flan with choice full cross-lions-castles and shield, bold full oMD, AVF with flat peripheries, toned in crevices.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1643/2 (P), denomination 8 to LEFT, unique. S-M19; KM-unl (45 for type); Cal-unl (Type 319). 26.25 grams. Barrel-shaped flan, no better than Good for wear but with bold full denomination 8 to left inside bottom parts of 43/2 of date, full cross with unfinished fleur-tips (typical for this date), mostly toned. The only other "8 to left" example we have seen was ca. 1612, but with oMF punched over the 8 (corrected).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1653 P, with chopmark and test-cuts from circulation in Asia. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-1356. 27.45 grams. Unevenly thick flan with blunted points on edge, bold full date, clear denomination 8, full but weaker shield and cross, the latter with one deep, circular punch and two light test-cuts on edge, overall Fine, lightly toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.32 grams. Unevenly thick AU with tiny splits and blunted points on edge, frosty interiors with bold full oMP and king's ordinal IIII, most of shield and cross with flatness to one side, clear round-bottom castle indicative of post-1653 strike.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P, ex-Hubbard. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.60 grams. Thick, round flan with choice full shield and nearly full cross-lions-castles, richly old-toned AXF with hints of luster, peripheries mostly flat but with king's ordinal IIII visible. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 26.59 grams. Barrel-shaped flan with blunted points, bold full oMP, nice full shield and cross, VF with contrasting toning, hammer-mark (as made) on obverse.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer P, ex-Hubbard. S-M19; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 27.31 grams. Good full cross and shield, full oMP, flat peripheries due to uneven thickness, deeply toned Fine with long, old test-cut near edge. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1666 G/P, rare. S-M19a; KM-45; Cal-1375. 26.75 grams. Broad, squarish flan with bold full assayer and clear over-assayer, most of date visible (albeit weakly), most of cross and shield despite extensive flatness, overall Fine with toning in crevices.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip IV, assayer G, posthumous issue (1666-7), rare. KM-19a; KM-45; Cal-Type 319. 26.25 grams. Squarish flan with blunted points, full oMG and part of king's name, bold denomination 8, weakly struck Fine with flat areas.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer L, both sides struck from 4R dies, very rare. S-M21; KM-unl (46 for type); Cal-unl (Type 108). 27.29 grams. Interesting long, undulating shape, fairly clear oML, some shield and cross (both undersized for an 8 reales, a known variety), Fine with splashes of light gold toning. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer L. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 25.31 grams. Broad flan in a very odd shape with six points (most blunted), most of cross and some shield (weak assayer) but the peripheries extensively flat, no worse than Fine for actual wear. With photo-certificate (mis-attributed to Philip IV, ca. 1655).

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible (L), very odd shape. S-M21; KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 27.34 grams. Long flan with distinct small protrusion from side, some shield and cross but mostly flat and no better than VG for wear, lightly toned.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Charles II, assayer not visible (L). S-M21; KM-46; Cal-Type 108. 26.57 grams. Neat rhomboid shape with most of cross and shield despite flatness, About Fine with spotty dark toning and some oxidation.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1719/7 J, ornament above the assayer, very rare, NGC / sea salvaged, ex-Rooswijk (1739). S-M22; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 168). 21.73 grams. Perfectly round and well detailed (XF or so), just a bit corroded and oxidized and unevenly toned, with tiny hole at top, a very rare coin and unique as from a shipwreck, its details clear enough to discern a 9/7 overdate that everyone seems to have missed on the Lázaro example (number 74, a die-match with the present coin, rated RX as no more than three known). From the Rooswijk (1739), with certificate. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer J, style of 1714-24. S-M22; KM-47; Cal-Type 170. 27.17 grams. Very odd shape with two small bubble-voids in edge, clear J and 8 flanking most of shield, weakly struck VG with flat areas, faint patches of dark toning. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible (J), style of 1714-24, with Madura Island (Sumenep, Indonesia) flower countermark (1 real batu, ca. 1814) and two other marks from Southeast Asia, ex-Hubbard. KM-197; host: S-M22; KM-47; Cal-Type 170. 26.59 grams. Thick flan, only VG but evenly struck and worn with nearly full shield and cross visible, the latter with three very distinct countermarks, lightly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag, and to the Ponterio auction of May 1988, with original lot-tag 219.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, Philip V, assayer R (1729-30). S-M24; KM-47a; Cal-Type 170. 26.83 grams. Five-sided flan with sharp points, good full shield and cross, full oMR and denomination 8, Fine with very light and even toning. With photo-certificate.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 8 reales, 1730, assayer not visible, ex-Hubbard. KM-47a; Cal-Type 170. 26.47 grams. Off-center shield with very full and bold date but indistinct assayer (probably G/R or F/G), VG for wear with old hole (punched with a square nail) near edge, minimal toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to right, denomination o-IIIJ to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-506. 13.44 grams. Lightly rainbow-toned XF with well-detailed full shield and cross, full denomination o-IIIJ and oMO, PHILIP- of king's name, figure-8 ornaments in legend. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to right, denomination o-IIIJ to left, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-506. 13.53 grams. Broad-flan AVF with some bold legend (figure-8 ornaments), full denomination o-IIIJ and oMO, full but weaker shield and cross, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.70 grams. Very broad flan with some bold legend including figure-8 stops and most of king's name, perfectly detailed full shield and cross-lions-castles, AU grade with light toning all over. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.30 grams. Broad flan with choice, bold, well-detailed full shield and cross-lions-castles, bold full denomination o-IIII inside full PHILIPPVS in legend, toned VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.51 grams. Broad-flan XF with nearly full legends (figure-8 ornaments, backwards S in HISPANIARVM), nice full shield and cross despite weak areas due to uneven thickness, full oMO and denomination IIII, some toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.38 grams. AVF with bold assayer and much of legend (due to slightly off-center strike) including king's ordinal 8II8, also full crown and shield and cross, with toning in crevices.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.55 grams. Richly toned AXF with nice full shield and cross-lions-castles, also full crown and some legend including king's ordinal 8II8, deeply rainbow toned all over. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer O below mintmark oM to left, denomination o-IIII to right, ex-Hubbard. S-M11; KM-36; Cal-505. 13.80 grams. Rainbow-toned XF with traces of verdigris, choice full shield, good full cross, some bold legend. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-37.1; Cal-745. 13.32 grams. Odd shape with large notch in edge (as made), clear oMF to left and 4 to right, well-detailed full shield and cross, diamond-shaped stops and clear GRATIA in legend, some peripheral flatness due to uneven thickness, richly rainbow-toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F (pre-dated type), ex-Hubbard. S-M12a; KM-37.1; Cal-745. 13.25 grams. Toned Fine+ with good full cross, nearly full shield, clear oMF inside of bold full GRATIA in legend, heavy lamination flaw near edge. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales Royal (galano), 1612/1 F, unique. S-M17; KM-unl; Cal-unl. 13.91 grams. This unique discovery piece is effectively the earliest known dated 4 reales Mexican Royal, closely matching the details of its successor dated 1615/4/3 (also one known, from the Pat Johnson Collection), in fact the only other dated Philip III 4R known (the next being 1631) and curiously with no clean-date examples known for any of the under-digit dates. At 40 mm in diameter, the flan is fabulously broad, extending past the outer borders in places, with all legends and interior details full and bold, well centered and evenly struck (no doubling at all), just as perfect a strike as you could ask for. It is also medal-aligned, with a small hole at top (clearly old, with displaced metal and associated cracking at the coin's surface), formerly heavily gilt (XRF tested at 9K) but with surfaces now a lightly toned golden-gray with porosity from the removal of the gilding, no worse than XF for actual wear. Of further interest is the fact that INDIARVN is misspelled with an N instead of M for the last letter, which matches both the aforementioned 1615/4/3 example in 4 reales and a known 1612 8 reales Royal. Since this piece is unique and unrecorded, and its formerly gilt surfaces cannot be properly tested, it exceeds the limitations of third party certification and is not currently certifiable by NGC and PCGS, although several Mexican experts have examined this piece and have no concerns about its authenticity. While unsuitable for slabbing until better understood, this coin's importance to the true numismatic connoisseur is nonetheless paramount in the meantime.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer F, ex-Hubbard. 13.82 grams. Broad flan with good full cross and shield but much peripheral flatness, clear oMF, AVF with old rainbow toning. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip IV, assayer D, ex-Hubbard. S-M18a; KM-38; Cal-Type 275. 13.25 grams. Rather convex flan (as made) with nice full cross-lions-castles and shield with bold oMD to left and 4 to right, deeply toned VF. Pedigreed to the Clyde Hubbard Collection, with his tag.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, 1658 P, with small chopmark from circulation in Asia, rare. S-M19; KM-38; Cal-1076. 13.33 grams. Roundish flan but with four sharp points, part of edge bent and straightened, very clear date outside of oM mintmark, nearly full cross with asterisk-shaped chopmark below but only top-left part of shield due to poor centering (hence the clear date) and peripheral flatness, lightly toned VF+ overall.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, (1705) J/L, extremely rare. S-M21a; KM-unl (40 for type); Cal-unl (Type 139). 13.47 grams. Somewhat diamond-shaped flan with five points (one blunted), bold assayer J/L, full shield and nearly full cross, lightly struck Fine with even toning, first example we have seen in this denomination.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 4 reales, Philip V, assayer not visible (J), pre-1714 style, error denomination 8, rare. S-M22; KM-unl (40 for type); Cal-unl (Type 139). 13.43 grams. Rhomboid flan with four blunted points, off-center shield (of correct size) with full and clear denomination 8, most of cross, VG with lots of flatness, spots of verdigris and brown encrustation.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, 1688 (L), extremely rare, PCGS VF details / cleaned, finest and only example in PCGS census. S-M21; KM-unl (34 for type); Cal-unl (Type 71). 5.90 grams. Long, narrow flan with some cross but only the top-left part of shield and crown due to off-center strike that enables a very full and bold 688 of the date, nicely toned all over, one of only two examples known to us. Please use this link to verify the certification number

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 2 reales, 1732 F. S-M26; KM-35a; Cal-801. 5.05 grams. Long, thin, and narrow shape, which is odd for this period, also strangely underweight (but proper fineness, according to XRF, so maybe a contemporary counterfeit?), with bold full date and oMF, some shield and most of cross, toned About Fine.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1608/7 A/F, rare. S-M16; KM-unl (27.2 for type); Cal-unl (Type 102). 2.69 grams. Silvery Fine with fairly clear date and oMA/F to left of full shield, the cross also full but weaker, somewhat corroded and with interior flan-crack, toned in spots.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob 1 real, 1629 (D), very rare. S-M18a; KM-unl (28 for type); Cal-699. 3.35 grams. Nicely toned VF with good full cross, clear bottom half of date and o of mintmark outside of most of shield.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1642/1/0 P, extremely rare. S-M19; KM-unl (22 for type); Cal-unl (Type 169). 1.66 grams. Richly toned AVF with bold full oMP to left of full monogram, good full cross, the date full and a bit chaotic but 100% clear and a match with two other examples known to us.

MEXICO, Mexico City, cob ½ real, 1665 (P), extremely rare. S-M19; KM-unl (22 for type); Cal-573. 1.39 grams. Neat shape with two points, full and bold date but double-struck in such a way that the last digit intersects with part of the crown to make it look like 7/5, most of cross, deeply toned Fine+ with peripheral flatness.

MEXICO, Mexico City, klippe 8 reales, 1734/3 MF, NGC VF 25. S-M28; KM-48; Cal-1432. Very broad and amazingly round, with 100% full details (including legends) on both sides, deeply toned fields, surely along the lines of a "quasi-Royal" within a type for which the distinction was not so clear (and the dies were the same). Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of May 1987 (lot 1158), the ANE auction of June 1988 (lot 1095), and the NAC auction of March 2002 (lot 181). Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to right, motto PL-VSV-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-335. 5.47 grams. Scarcer issue with assayer to right, also with 1R-sized assayer-R punch, broad flan with nearly full crown and legends, good full inner details, very slightly porous VF with toning on fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to right, motto PL-VSV-L, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-335. 6.21 grams. Very broad flan with 1R-sized assayer to right (scarcer issue), bold full interiors (particularly the P at top on pillars side) and lots of bold legend, the shield very slightly doubled, VF+ with minor surface porosity, contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSVL-TR, legends HISPAN / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.08 grams. Very choice broad flan that extends past the outer border, with 100% full legends and inner details as a result, 1R-sized assayer-mark, nicely toned VF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-L, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.60 grams. Broad flan with full legends and inner details, toned AVF with old mark on upper lion, very small assayer-mark (1R- or possibly ½R-sized). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer small R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.70 grams. Broad round flan with choice full interiors and lots of legend, 1R-sized assayer-mark, richly toned VF with sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.15 grams. Very bold VF with deeply contrasting toning, full legends and inner details, large assayer-mark and 4R-sized crowns atop pillars. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSVL-TR, legends HISPA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.41 grams. Nice full central details in XF grade, full but weaker legends, lightly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto P-LVSV-T, legends HISPAN / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.42 grams. Full legends and inner details but with surface corrosion on shield side and below waves (otherwise XF), interesting variety with rare form of the motto and very low pillars, creating a large open field above. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-LT, legends HISPANIA / ARVM. S-L1; KM-8; Cal-333. 6.32 grams. Broad flan with much legend but all a bit worn (About Fine) and the shield side doubled, toned in crevices. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 2 reales, Philip II, assayer X/R to left, motto PL-VSV-TR, legends HIS / NIARVM, extremely rare. S-L2; KM-8; Cal-334. 6.10 grams. Clear X/R to left of full but off-center shield, well-centered full pillars, much legend, dark Fine with surface oxidation and hairline flan-crack. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer X to right, very rare. S-L3; KM-9; Cal-336. 4.35 grams. Very broad flan (extending past the outer borders) with complete legends and sharply detailed full interiors, clear P-X to right and denomination ii to left, AU details with nice toning but corroded all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer X to right, large castles and lions, very rare. S-L3; KM-9; Cal-336. 6.60 grams. Full and well-detailed shield and cross, with bold assayer and clear denomination, not much legend, slightly porous AXF with a few hairline cracks, with curiously oversized lions and castles in the same style ("Segovia" lions) used on later issues at Potosí, namely those of assayers R, L and B (but not M), hence probably the same punches transferred to Potosí after the brief striking in La Plata. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer oD/X, *-ii to left, P-oD/X to right, large castles and lions, rare. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-337. 6.88 grams. Sharp XF with well-detailed full shield and cross (same castles and lions as previous lot), the latter very slightly doubled on one arm and with traces of dark oxidation in crevices, clear oD/X. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer oD/X, *-ii to left, P-oD/X to right, normal castles and lions, rare. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-337. 6.67 grams. Good full inner details including bold oD/X and early castles and lions matching lot 640 above, AXF with toning in crevices, plugged and repaired hole at top of shield / near left of cross and mold mounting damage at bottom of shield as well. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-•-ii to left, P-•D to right, unique. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-unl (Type 117). 6.73 grams. Interesting unlisted variety with distinct dot between * and ii (first we have seen), and a choice example with bold full inner details and nearly full legends, minimal doubling, VF+ with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-•D to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. 6.75 grams. Broad flan with much legend and full but partially weak inner details, very lightly toned, XF overall. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. 6.71 grams. Very broad flan with nearly full legends, sharp full inner details (the cross a bit doubled), non-toned XF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. 6.82 grams. Nice full crown and much legend, full but partially flat central details, lightly toned, VF or better overall. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. 6.52 grams. Lustrous XF with well-detailed full shield (lightly scuffed) and cross (slightly doubled), much legend, a few small spots of toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, *-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-340. 6.56 grams. AU with traces of luster but slightly porous all over, bold full PHILIPPVS and sharp full inner details, small edge-crack. Curiously, the mintmark P appears to be punched over a dot. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, oD-* to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-341. 6.64 grams. Well-detailed XF with nice toning but slight surface oxidation all over, fully readable legend including clear PHILILLIPP due to localized doubling. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-ii to left, oD-* to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-341. 6.74 grams. Nicely round flan with full crown and legends, full but slightly weaker shield and cross, VF with faintly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1659 (V), variety with star over LIMA with ligate MA above date, (V) to left, 2 to right, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-839. 6.44 grams. AVF with deeply contrasting toning, bold full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves with all inner design elements visible except for the assayer to left. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1659 V, variety with star over LIMA with ligate MA above date, (V) to left, 2 to right, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-839. 5.53 grams. Doubled but well-centered full pillars-and-waves with all interior elements clear, nearly full cross (also slightly doubled), Fine with corroded surfaces, toned on fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1660 V, variety with PLVS / • • / VLTRA above 660, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-840. 6.70 grams. Off-center VF with nice toning, the cross off-center and partially flat, but the slightly doubled pillars side with full crown and inner elements, plus full waves and even the full king's name PHILIPVS. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1660 V, variety with PLVS / • • / VLTRA above 660, very rare, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-840. 6.55 grams. Nice VF but with much peripheral flatness, slightly off-center strike, the cross a bit doubled but the pillars with very clear design elements including assayer V to right. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1660 (V), variety with 660 over 2-star-2, unique, ex-Ponte. S-L5; KM-16; Cal-840. 3.49 grams. Bold and 100% full crown above 660 date, five-point star flanked by 2's, and faint PLVS between off-center pillars, most of off-center cross, VF details with moderate corrosion and stripped hole in edge, toned on fields, clearly not pristine but still an elusive type and, in fact, a variety of which we have never seen another example. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Luis R. Ponte Collection, also to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 506).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1684 V. S-L6; KM-21; Cal-341. 7.89 grams. Two clear dates and assayers and mintmarks despite doubling on both sides, XF grad with nice natural surfaces, overweight flan, desirable first date of pillars-and-waves issue at this mint. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1685 R. S-L7; KM-21; Cal-342. 6.58 grams. Choice broad flan with bold full pillars and cross, two dates, three assayers, most of king's name, AXF with patchy dark toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1686 R. S-L7; KM-21; Cal-343. 7.04 grams. Choice broad flan (slightly overweight) with three full dates and mintmarks 100% full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, AXF with light toning in crevices, natural flaw in part of edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1687 R. S-L7; KM-21; Cal-344. 6.53 grams. Complete pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, well centered on a roundish flan, darkly toned VF with light old scratches, two dates and all three mintmarks. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1687 R. S-L7; KM-21; Cal-344. 6.58 grams. Huge flan but flat in peripheries, still with good full pillars-and-waves (well centered) and nearly full cross, AU for grade with light, low-contrast toning all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1688 R. S-L7; KM-21; Cal-345. 6.44 grams. Nearly full pillars and cross, most of cross but peripheries flat and with black oxidation in places, otherwise XF, two dates, scarce in this denomination. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1689 V. S-L8; KM-21; Cal-346. 6.52 grams. Very bold and choice full pillars and nearly full cross, VF with contrasting dark toning all over, nice aspect. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1690 R. S-L9; KM-21; Cal-347. 6.39 grams. Full pillars with choice tops and crown above, most of cross, two bold dates, AVF with dark contrasting toning, scarce date in this denomination. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1691 R. S-L9; KM-21; Cal-348. 6.67 grams. Choice VF with nice full pillars and cross, three dates and assayers, dark contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1692 V. S-L10; KM-21; Cal-349. 6.94 grams. Broad flan with good full pillars and cross, two dates, flat peripheries, VF+ with dark, uneven toning (good contrast). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1693 V. S-L10; KM-21; Cal-350. 6.29 grams. Great full pillars and cross-lions-castles, two dates and three, AXF with edge-crack, attractive light toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1694 M. S-L11; KM-21; Cal-351. 6.26 grams. Exceptionally broad flan with choice full pillars-and-wave and cross-lions-castles, three dates including full and bold 1694 in legend, all three mintmarks and assayers too, plus full CAROLVS II in legend, AXF with spots of dark toning on fields (good contrast). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1695 R. S-L12; KM-21; Cal-352. 6.51 grams. Richly toned XF with partially flat peripheries (scratched on the flat parts) but choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles nonetheless, all three mintmarks visible. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1696 H. S-L13; KM-21; Cal-353 or 354. 6.27 grams. VF with beautiful rich toning all over, choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three dates and mintmarks and assayers but flat above the H to the right of the cross so impossible to determine whether it is the oH variety, edge-split. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1697 H. S-L13; KM-21; Cal-355. 6.45 grams. Very choice and almost Royal-like VF+ with 100% full pillars-and-waves (trifle doubled) and cross-lions-castles (slightly off-center), all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, contrastingly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1698 H. S-L13; KM-21; Cal-356. 6.86 grams. Attractively toned XF+ with choice full pillars and cross-lions-castles, two dates and three assayers, just lovely. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1699 R. S-L14; KM-21; Cal-357. 5.60 grams. Very choice and 100% complete pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, XF with contrasting toning, inexplicably underweight (as made). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1699 R. S-L14; KM-21; Cal-357. 6.12 grams. Choice XF with full and well-detailed cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, two dates and three assayers, mostly richly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1700 H. S-L15; KM-21; Cal-358. 6.55 grams. Somewhat lemon-shaped flan with two sharp points, deeply toned XF with full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1701 H. S-L15; KM-21; Cal-359. 6.72 grams. Oblong flan with one straight side, good full cross-lions-castles and pillars with complete (small) crown at top, two bold assayers, XF with dark contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1702 H. S-L15a; KM-32; Cal-713. 6.39 grams. Choice and well-centered full cross-lions-castles and pillars, three mintmarks, richly toned VF+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1703 H. S-L15a; KM-32; Cal-714. 6.30 grams. Lightly toned XF+ with well-centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three assayers. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1704 H. S-L15a; KM-32; Cal-715. 6.69 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, both well centered on a round, smallish flan, with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, AXF with dark contrasting toning, scarce. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1705 H. S-L15a; KM-32; Cal-716. 6.45 grams. Nicely toned XF with full but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates, three assayers, old marks on pillars. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1706 R. S-L16; KM-32; Cal-717. 6.41 grams. Non-toned XF with choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two full dates (plus 17 in legend) and all three mintmarks and assayers. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1707 H. S-L17; KM-32; Cal-718. 4.05 grams. Bold full pillars (the tops particularly well detailed), good full cross, AU details with surface corrosion, toned on fields, scarce. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1708 H. S-L17; KM-32; Cal-719. 6.20 grams. Very broad, thin, oblong flan with great full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, three full dates (rare thus) and mintmarks and assayers, AVF with darkly toned fields for excellent contrast, holed to left of cross. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1709 M. S-L18; KM-32; Cal-722. 6.38 grams. Slightly odd-shaped flan with three sharp points, full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers (rare thus), VF+ with light toning and sediment in crevices. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1710 H. S-L19; KM-32; Cal-723. 5.91 grams. Full pillars-and-waves and nearly full cross despite partially flat peripheries, two bold dates and assayers, AXF with attractive toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1711 M, extremely rare. S-L20; KM-R32; Cal-694. 6.42 grams. Impressively large, round flan with nearly full legends and choice inner details despite traces of doubling, the pillars slightly off-center, VF with great contrasting toning, plugged hole to right of cross / near top of right pillar. By our records, this piece is one of just three known. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to Sedwick Auctions 9 (lot 1116) and 24 (lot 744).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1712 M, extremely rare. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-unl (Type 98). 5.47 grams. Perfectly round as lightly shaved, with nearly full interior details but only small parts of legends due to flatness and wear, VG overall with dark contrasting toning, tiny hole to right of cross / bottom of pillars. By our records this is one of only two known, assuming the weight given for the other example in Swiss Bank Corp. Auction 43 (September 1997), lot 2384, is incorrect at 3.74 grams. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1714/3 M, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-695. 4.68 grams. Perfectly round as shaved around edge, with choice full interior details, some legend, nicely toned VF with tiny hole at very edge near left end of cross, possibly unique as we have no record of another. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 573).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1715 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-728. 5.74 grams. Broad-flan Fine with nearly full pillars and cross but flat in the peripheries, two dates, light toning in crevices, very scarce date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1716 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-729. 4.10 grams. Very bold full pillars, great full cross-lions-castles, deeply toned VF+ with trace of surface corrosion accounting for the low weight, two bold dates, king's ordinal V in legend, very scarce date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1717 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-730. 6.30 grams. Huge flan with 100% complete pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, all three dates including bold 717 in legend, which also features king's ordinal V and retrograde N in HISPANI(ARVM), contrastingly toned About Fine. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1718 M, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-699. 6.33 grams. Very bold full pillars and cross and lots of legend, AXF with deeply toned fields (great contrast), two neat holes at left and right ends of cross, one of only three examples we can trace. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 574).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1719 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-732. 5.87 grams. Broad flan (yet slightly underweight) with bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles but peripherally flat, two clear dates, parts of all three mintmarks and assayers, Fine+ with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1720 M, ex-Christensen. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-700. 6.53 grams. Richly old-toned AXF on a broad flan (not perfectly round) with hole at edge past right end of off-center full cross, good full pillars-and-waves (well centered, the date slightly doubled), one of only two known to us. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Christensen auction of January 1974 (lot 1238), the SpinkAmerica auction of December 1995 (lot 2302), and Sedwick Auction 19 (lot 741).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1720 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-733. 6.17 grams. Great full cross (albeit off-center) and bold full pillars, XF with toned fields but flat peripheries (quite a contrast with the previous lot). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1721 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-734. 5.89 grams. Broad flan with nearly full pillars and cross despite flat peripheries, two dates, well-toned VG with dark spot at top of pillars. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1722 M, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-701. 7.09 grams. Broad flan with choice bold details all over, including nearly full legends, attractively toned XF, with plugged hole to left of cross / bottom of pillars. By our records, this is one of only two known of this date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 576), also to Sedwick Auctions 10 (lot 661) and 26 (lot 446).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1723 M, extremely rare. S-L20; KM-unl (R32 for type); Cal-702. 5.91 grams. Thin and broad flan lightly shaved to roundness, with slightly off-center cross, full but partially weak pillars but with two bold dates on that side, Fine with old scratches, plugged hole at bottom of cross, possibly unique or perhaps two known. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1724 M. S-L20; KM-32; Cal-737. 5.97 grams. Neatly oblong flan with bold date and assayer around full pillars, full cross, flat peripheries, AVF overall in our opinion (but accompanied by an NGC tag that says F 12). Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1725 M, (Louis I), rare. S-L20a; KM-32a; Cal-19. 6.37 grams. Full pillars and cross, clear date and two assayers, known to be Louis I but with no part of the king's name or ordinal visible (listed as L2R-25 in Bustos, who says "No identificamos ejemplares con la leyenda del rey visible"), very lightly toned About Fine. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1726 M. S-L20b; KM-32; Cal-738. 6.20 grams. Bold full pillars (the tops especially bold), nearly full cross (also bold), Fine with deeply toned fields for strong contrast. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1727 M, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L20b; KM-unl; Cal-704. 5.53 grams. Good full inner details but no legends (lightly shaved), toned AVF with crude hole near top of cross, two dates and mintmarks, all three assayers, by our records just one of two known. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 578).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1727 M. S-L20b; KM-32; Cal-739. 5.42 grams. Good full pillars and nearly full cross but with weak areas and some pitting, low-contrast VF otherwise, small edge-crack. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales "quasi-Royal," 1728 N. S-L21; KM-32; Cal-741. 6.10 grams. Very bold XF details on full pillars (nice tops) and full but off-center cross, attractively toned, very lightly shaved. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1729 N, rare. S-L21; KM-32; Cal-742. 2.50 grams. Bold full pillars and cross despite moderate to heavy corrosion (probably from the Princess Louisa of 1743), contrastingly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1730 N, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L21; KM-unl; Cal-706. 6.40 grams. Beautiful full inner details and small parts of legend visible, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers in evidence, richly old-toned VF with tiny hole at bottom of cross / top of pillars, very attractive overall. By our records, only two are known for this date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and to the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 579).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1731 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-744. 6.31 grams. Bold full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves on a broad, non-round flan, VF with dark contrasting toning on fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1732 N, extremely rare, ex-Santa Rosa de Lima. S-L21; KM-unl; Cal-707. 6.55 grams. Choice full inner details, all three dates and mintmarks and assayers, bold VF+ with contrasting toning over lightly gilt fields, holed to left of cross. By our records, only two examples are known for this date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales and the Santa Rosa de Lima Collection (Sedwick Auction 18, lot 580).

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1732 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-745. 7.04 grams. Uneven strike (weak areas) but with full cross nonetheless, off-center pillars with clear date and assayer, toned (low-contrast) Fine+, slightly overweight. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1733 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-746. 6.23 grams. Bold date between full pillars, nearly full cross, most of peripheries flat and/or crude, darkly toned VF with surface pitting. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1734 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-747. 7.30 grams. Bold but slightly off-center pillars-and-waves with prominent date and assayer, nearly full cross (well-centered), contrastingly toned AVF. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1735 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-748. 6.24 grams. Nearly full cross (well centered), but date and full left pillar (slightly off-center), toned Fine with some peripheral flatness. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1736 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-749. 6.79 grams. Bold pillars (well centered, nearly full), off-center cross, AXF with peripheral flatness, contrastingly toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1737+36 N, unique. S-L21; KM-unl (32a for type); Cal-unl (Type 100). 5.07 grams. Nearly full pillars with 737 date at bottom, weak and doubled cross with clear 736 date below (first we have seen with mismatched dates), much peripheral flatness, Fine with scratches and light pitting, contrasting toning.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1737 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-750. 6.64 grams. Full waves and left pillar, most of cross, About Fine with natural surfaces, light tan toning in crevices. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1738 N. S-L21; KM-32a; Cal-751. 6.46 grams. Choice full right-hand pillar (off-center), most of cross (slightly doubled) with bold second date below, unevenly struck XF with flat areas, lightly toned all over. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1739 V. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-752. 6.19 grams. Full pillars with bold date and clear assayer, full but oversized and slightly doubled cross, Fine with lightly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1740 V. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-754. 6.27 grams. Full pillars with full crown on left pillar topped by bold second date 740 in legend, good full cross, three assayers, AVF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1741 V. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-755. 5.96 grams. Broad, roundish flan with bold date between full pillars, nearly full cross, all well centered, Fine+, no toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1742 V. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-756. 6.54 grams. Very choice full pillars with very bold date, the cross-lions-castles also choice with part of king's name in legend, contrastingly toned VF, also a neat shape with sharp point at exact top point of pillars side. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1743/2 (V), unique. S-L22; KM-unl (32a for type); Cal-unl (Type 100). 6.27 grams. Bold overdate (first and only example we have seen), most of pillars and cross despite flatness from uneven thickness, Fine or better for actual wear, with patchy toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1743 V. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-757. 6.29 grams. Nearly Royal-like quality with choice bold date above full waves between nearly full pillars, great full cross-lions-castles, all well centered, VF with contrasting dark toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1744 V, rare. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-758. 6.27 grams. Complete right pillar with bold date, clear mintmark and assayer, well-centered cross, VF with contrasting toning, some surface porosity. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1745 V, rare. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-759. 7.02 grams. Oblong flan with good full cross, bold date between nearly full pillars, VF with contrasting toning, flat peripheries. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1746 V, rare. S-L22; KM-32a; Cal-760. 6.68 grams. Bold date between full pillars (the tops especially well detailed), nearly full oversized cross, VF with contrasting dark toning. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1747 V, posthumous Philip V, rare. S-unl; KM-32a; Cal-761. 5.83 grams. Full pillars with two full assayers and clear date, nearly full cross with bold second date below inside of clear king's ordinal V, lightly toned VF+ with oxidized surfaces, some loss on edge. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1748 V, rare. S-L22a; KM-A43; Cal-260. 6.20 grams. Very bold date and full assayer above waves, about half of cross, small flan with flat peripheries, mostly deeply toned. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1749 R, rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-261. 5.48 grams. Oblong flan with bold date and assayer, full pillars and cross, XF details but a bit corroded and the cross side very dark. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1750 R, struck on 1R flan, unique. S-L23; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 37). 3.83 grams. A fascinating coin, clearly a Royal in design (compare with next lot), but not completely round and on a thin, 1R-weight flan with intact edge (hence not shaved down), all inner details full and choice but minimal legend, two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, richly toned Fine, amazingly unholed, first of its kind we have ever seen or heard of. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales. Note: Lima Mint, 1750: Causes of Irregularities The unusually high number of mules, errors, and off-standard coins struck at the Lima Mint in 1750 can be traced to the aftermath of the great earthquake of October 28, 1746, which destroyed much of Lima and its mint. Operations resumed only after several years of repair, using damaged equipment, reused dies, and temporary facilities, often under unskilled supervision. At the same time, the mint was in the midst of the Bourbon transition from hammered cobs to milled coinage, creating overlap between old and new systems. Shortages of engravers, delays in receiving official dies from Spain, and pressure to restore coinage quickly led to inconsistent production. The result was a flood of irregular strikes, die mismatches, and experimental issues, making 1750 the most erratic year of late cob coinage in Lima, just prior to the adoption of milled coinage in 1751.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1750 R, rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-262. 6.48 grams. Very crude flan but with bold date and assayer on pillars side, double-struck cross with two complete lions, About Fine with darkly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1751 R, flipover double-strike, rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-263. 5.43 grams. Broad, odd-shaped flan with two dates on pillars side, including full 751 in legend (very rarely seen) on same part of edge where cross appears from flipover double-strike, full left-hand pillar, nearly full cross with partial third date below, three assayers, deeply toned About Fine. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1751 (R), rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-263. 5.96 grams. Crude flan with jagged edge (as made) but with clear date, most of pillars and cross, lightly toned VG+. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1751 (R), rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-263. 6.61 grams. Crude flan with much peripheral flatness, bold denomination and clear date between pillars, tiny hole at very top, some cross with clear mintmark to left, toned AVG. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1752 R, final year of Lima cobs, very rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-264. 7.04 grams. Lemon-shaped flan with two points, bold date and full right-hand pillar with assayer R at upper right, some cross with full mintmark L to left, About Fine with toned fields, faint green spot in center of pillars side. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection of Lima Silver Cob 2 Reales.

PERU, Lima, 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left, motto PL-VSV-TR above denomination, legends HISPANIA / NIARVM. S-L1; KM-6; Cal-209. 3.33 grams. Broad, thin flan with much legend including full PHILIPVS oIIo, full but slightly doubled and partially weak interior details, nicely toned VF+.

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, P-4 to left, *-oD to right, NGC AU 55. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-501. 13.70 grams. Very broad flan with full crown and nearly full legends, well-detailed full shield and cross-lions-castles (both very slightly doubled), traces of luster, light toning in crevices, second finest in the NGC census behind a single MS 62. Please use this link to verify the certification number

PERU, Lima, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-4 to left, P-oD to right. S-L4; KM-11; Cal-499. 13.43 grams. Perfectly round flan with choice crown and nearly full legends, great full interior details (the shield very slightly doubled), VF with deeply contrasting toning.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer Diego de la Torre, *-ii to left, P-oD to right. S-L4; KM-9; Cal-338. 6.58 grams. Superb full cross-and-tressure, the shield also full and well detailed, bold PHILIPPVS in legend, AXF with some toning on fields.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1685 R/V, unique. S-L7; KM-unl (24 for type); Cal-unl (Type 104). 27.50 grams. Very broad flan with bold full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, some peripheral flatness, very clear date and R/V over-assayer twice on pillars side (first example we have ever seen or heard of), bold clean R to right of cross, toned VF with marks and rough surface on pillars side only.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1692 V. S-L10; KM-24; Cal-597. 26.25 grams. Very bold full waves with clear 16 below (in legend) and 92 above, off-center cross with bold assayer V to right inside king's name CAROLVS, Fine with flat areas and faint porosity, some contrasting toning.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1692 V. S-L10; KM-24; Cal-597. 24.34 grams. Bold waves and date, off-center cross with one nice castle, About Fine with lightly corroded surfaces, edge-split, part of edge bent.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1702 H. S-L15a; KM-34; Cal-1273. 26.17 grams. Full pillars-and-waves and cross despite flat areas from uneven thickness, the tops of the pillars particularly complete, also with full PHILIPPVS in legend and bold date below cross, three assayers, lightly toned Fine+.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1738 N. S-L21; KM-34a; Cal-1313. 26.69 grams. Oblong flan with full pillars (slightly off-center ) and cross, peripherally flat, Fine with plugged hole at left end of cross.

PERU, Lima, cob 8 reales, 1752 R, rare final year of Lima cobs. S-L23; KM-unl (44 for type); Cal-450. 26.39 grams. Very crude flan with extensive flatness but clear date between faint but full pillars, full crown at top, the cross also faint but with clear L to left and R to right (makes sense!), silvery and technically probably AU grade but net Fine or less.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1706+05 R/H, unique. S-L16; KM-unl (32 for type); Cal-unl (Type 100). 6.06 grams. Choice 100% full pillars with bold date 706 between and assayer R at top right, nice full cross-lions-castles (slightly off-center) with bold date 705 date below and trace of R/H to right (meaning that assayer R made a new pillars die but used an old cross side with his initial over previous H and neglected to advance the date), AVF with light contrasting toning, solder-mark on edge.

PERU, Lima, cob 2 reales, 1750 R, rare. S-L23; KM-A43; Cal-262. 6.52 grams. Small and very thick flan with jagged edge (as made), nearly full cross, off-center pillars with just the tops of the digits of the date visible (distinguishable from 1752 by the presence of dots flanking the bottom of the denomination 2, which the 1752's lack), non-toned VF.

PERU, Lima, cob 1 real, 1685 R. S-L7; KM-20; Cal-215. 2.77 grams. Bold full pillars and choice full cross-lions-castles (slightly off-center), with two bold dates, three mintmarks and assayers, XF+ with tan toning on fields but flat peripheries truncated by sharp, light clipping on edge (creating a neatly seven-sided flan).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer L (1st period), "Seville" lions, D,G, in legend. S-P3; KM-5.1; Cal-670. 27.14 grams. Exceptionally broad, round flan with 100% full legends and crown and inner details, Fine for grade with light old scratches and rusty oxidation near edge, full P-L, among the earliest coins of the mint (prior to assayer B).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period). S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 27.36 grams. Broad flan with full crown and nearly full legends, bold full cross and well-detailed full shield (variety with eight fleurs in two rows for New Burgundy, first we have seen for this period), VF+ with spotty black toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (1st period), "heavy" lions in cross, rare. S-P4; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 21.04 grams. Choice full AU details on shield and cross despite moderate surface corrosion all over, full crown and some legend, toned in crevices, distinctive brief variety of lions with thick manes (Sellschopp 155).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B or B/L, rare, ex-Dym, ex-Portolà. S-P5; KM-5.1; Cal-671. 27.23 grams. Very broad flan with choice full crown and nearly complete legends, slightly doubled full cross and shield with clear P-erasure-C to left (always a desirable issue, once thought to be from the brief mintage at La Plata), VF with traces of toning. Pedigreed to the Kurt Dym Collection and to the Portolà Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of December 2019, lot 5).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (3rd period). S-P10; KM-5.1; Cal-672. 26.98 grams. Broad flan with 100% full crown and much legend, doubled interiors yet with bold full P-B, lightly toned and lustrous AU with part of edge slightly crude (as made), die variety of Sellschopp 157 / Paoletti 73.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer A, variety with denomination as "oVIIII," rare. S-P11; KM-5.1; Cal-674 var. 27.09 grams. Round and slightly concave flan with some legend and full crown, sharply detailed full shield and cross despite doubling all over, bold assayer and denomination with extra I (not super rare as a die variety, but rare to see it so clearly), lightly toned XF. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 20 (lot 796).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, border of x's on obverse, early style reverse). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 27.33 grams. Bold full shield, full but doubled cross, nearly full crown, clear border of x's on obverse only, the reverse actually from 4th-period B (possibly a rare combination), Fine+ with patchy dark toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip II, assayer B (5th period, borders of x's). S-P14; KM-5.5; Cal-unl (cf 672). 27.07 grams. Bold VF with nice full inner details, full crown and much legend for the type (full king's name PHILIPPVS), interestingly with some of the outer border of x's visible, light tan sediment on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer B, rare. S-P14a; KM-10; Cal-910. 27.23 grams. Very broad flan with full and bold legends and crown, VF+ details but somewhat doubled all over yet with clear P-B and king's ordinal III (the very last of the assayer-B issues), lightly toned in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, Philip III, assayer C, rare. S-P16; KM-10; Cal-unl (Type 164). 25.98 grams. Full but off-center shield with full and bold PHILIPVS III as a result (but also weak assayer, still clear), full cross with early style of castles, AVF with patchy toning, part of edge slightly crude (as made).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 PAL, rare, PCGS VF details / saltwater damage, ex-Atocha Research Collection (Plate). S-P20; KM-10; Cal-922. 26.35 grams. Broad flan with 100% full date and cross and shield (albeit softly struck), weak but certain P-PAL, low-contrast toning all over, with surface corrosion near parts of edge. From the Atocha (1622), pedigreed to the Atocha Research Collection (Plate Coin number 189). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1618 T, denomination o-V-III, quadrants of cross transposed. S-P21; KM-10; Cal-926. 26.90 grams. Bold full denomination in three parts to right of well-detailed full shield, choice full cross-lions-castles, full 161 of date (last digit of date not visible but this variety of denomination only known for 1618), VF+ with spotty dark toning and traces of verdigris.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1630 T, cross-fleury ornaments, unique, NGC XF details / plugged, holed. S-P26; KM-R19a; Cal-1379. 26.73 grams. Broad flan with 100% full details including distinctive cross-fleury ornaments above and below assayer and denomination, between D and G in obverse legend, and at top on cross side, among several different dies known for this (effectively) "first date" of Potosí galanos (resulting from a minting reform of 1626), in fact not a die-match with any in Lázaro (similar to his 93), who notes that all examples are unique or nearly so, richly toned all over, with crudely plugged hole at bottom of shield / left of cross, attempted hole and tiny triangular hole at opposite end, left side of obverse a bit doubled. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1630 T. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1455. 27.14 grams. Choice full date at about 10 to 1 o'clock above nice full cross-lions-castles, well-detailed full shield, CF+ with some dark green spots, cracking on edge (as made).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1630 T. S-P26; KM-19a; Cal-1455. 27.12 grams. Bold date followed by cross-fleury ornament above doubled cross, well-detailed full shield (much less doubled) with full denomination 8 to right, much legend, VF with light contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1643 FR, rare. S-P28; KM-19a; Cal-1471. 28.04 grams. Typically crude and thick flan (overweight) with edge-crack, 100% full date (very rare thus) due to off-center strike, fairly clear assayer, uneven Fine with light toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1644 TR, rare. S-P29a; KM-19a; Cal-1473. 27.86 grams. Unusually broad flan with good full shield and cross showing early lions, only the last digit of date and left side of assayer TR visible but enough to attribute, VF+, small part of edge slightly crude (as made).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1645 T. S-P30; KM-19a; Cal-1474. 27.27 grams. Clear 65 and bottom half of 5 of date at top of full but doubled cross, clear assayer to left of full but partially flat shield, VF with traces of toning in spots and streaks.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to right, rare, ex-Ponte. S-P1; KM-4.2; Cal-519. 13.45 grams. Very broad flan but with legends mostly flat, still with good full crown and shield and cross, plus bold denomination to left and P-R to right, AXF with some patchy rainbow toning. The significance of the relatively rare P-R to right instead of left is unknown, and while it is tempting to speculate, there appears to be no provable connection to La Plata vs. Potosí in the higher denominations, despite the fact that the move from left to right seems to have played such a role in 1R (see Stallard and Sedwick article in Sedwick Auction 30). Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer M/R (small M) to right, very rare. S-P2; KM-4.2; Cal-unl (Type 160). 9.87 grams. Well-detailed full cross and shield despite heavy wear (VG) and shaving around edge to make it perfectly round (about 25% underweight), with weak but full P-M to right as from the same dies as lot 564 in our Auction 30 showing that the P-M is clearly offset-punched over previous P-R, important as the second earliest issue of the mint.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer M (small) to right, rare. S-P2; KM-4.2; Cal-521. 13.08 grams. Broad flan with full crown and some parts of the legend including most of king's name and ISP(ANIARV)M without H, rare second assayer of Potosí with clear P-M to right of nearly complete shield, doubled full cross with surface corrosion, otherwise VF overall with contrasting toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip II, assayer L (1st period) to left, ex-Rosenheim. S-P3; KM-4.2; Cal-522. 13.01 grams. Broad flan with choice full cross and crown and shield, full P-L (the mintmark doubled), VF with slight surface porosity and darkly toned fields. Pedigreed to the Arturo Rosenheim Collection (Sedwick Auction 29, lot 440).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, Philip III, assayer M (pre-dated type), quadrants of cross transposed, rare. S-P18; KM-unl (9 for type); Cal-unl (Type 148). 13.55 grams. Odd-shaped flan with natural notch in edge above full P•M, good full shield and cross, very lightly tan-toned VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1617 M. S-P19; KM-9; Cal-773. 12.77 grams. Clear bottom half of date and assayer M despite flatness and surface corrosion, unevenly toned VG overall.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, (1618) PAL, rare. S-P20; KM-9; Cal-774. 13.14 grams. Bold full assayer and shield and cross-and-tressure, VF with good contrast from dark oxidation in crevices, edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1618 T, rare. S-P21; KM-9; Cal-776. 13.43 grams. Lightly toned Fine with nice natural surfaces, full cross and shield, full P-T with odd ornament in between that is probably +/x, commensurate with the date, which is nearly full but softly struck.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to left. S-P1; KM-3.2; Cal-364. 6.00 grams. Broad flan with choice full inner details despite faint oxidation (AU details), trifle doubling at bottom of cross, contrastingly toned, die-match with Stallard-Sedwick obverse O3 and reverse A showing Lima castles and Potosí lions.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer M/R to left, very rare, ex-Stallard. S-P2; KM-3.2; Cal-unl (Type 127). 6.58 grams. Toned VF with light surface corrosion, much legend, well-detailed full cross and shield with full and clear P-M/R to left and denomination II to right (desirable second issue of the mint). Pedigreed to the Barry Stallard Collection (Sedwick Auction 31, lot 1540).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer L (1st period). S-P3; KM-3.2; Cal-367. 6.62 grams. Broad flan exhibiting the rarely seen outer border in places, well-detailed full shield and (slightly doubled) cross, XF+ with some toning, traces of encrustation on cross side, scarce early issue.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip II, assayer C below erased B or B/L, rare. S-P5; KM-3.2; Cal-368. 6.79 grams. Choice broad flan with bold full crown and legends, also complete inner details with fairly clear C punched under an erasure of the previous assayer-mark (almost certainly B or B/L), VF+ with contrasting rich toning. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 16 (lot 573).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer C, rare. S-P16; KM-8; Cal-unl (Type 128). 6.36 grams. Full but slightly off-center and partially flat cross and shield with clear P-C to left, Fine with uneven toning and faint surface oxidation.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, Philip III, assayer Q, unique error with M for H in king's name. S-P17; KM-8; Cal-627. 6.93 grams. Things were getting sloppy at the Potosí mint ca. 1615 when assayer Q was in charge and the coins began to show transposed lions and castles and incorrect spellings and punches, the present piece being a prime example with M substituted for H in the king's name ("PMILIPPVS"), here very clear due to the shape of the flan (minimal legend visible otherwise), the cross and shield full and evenly struck with light toning all over, Fine for grade.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1617 M/Q, rare. S-P19; KM-unl (8 for type); Cal-unl (Type 129). 6.02 grams. Good full cross with clear bottom half of 6 and 7 of date, full but doubled shield with discernible P-M/Q to left (also known in combination with non-dated reverse and decidedly not M/C as previous recorded for this die), Fine+ with lightly oxidized surfaces, contrastingly toned.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1617 M, ex-Ponte. S-P19; KM-8; Cal-629. 6.73 grams. Broad flan with very choice full date (with corresponding erasure of border of dots there) outside of off-center full cross, good full shield with denomination II to right and weaker P-M to left, clear "III D G ISPAAN(IARVM)" in legend lacking the H and repeating the A (actually an upside-down V), VF with contrasting toning. Pedigreed to the Luis R. Ponte Collection (Sedwick Auction 36, with original lot-tag 625).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1623 (date as 16ZIII) P, quadrants of cross transposed, very rare. S-P22; KM-unl (14 for type); Cal-unl (Type 239). 6.89 grams. Bold full ZIII of date outside of full cross (the flan luckily protruding there), the shield also full but slightly doubled and slightly off-center, with bold mintmark P and certain assayer P to left, Fine overall.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1636 TR, rare. S-P27; KM-14a; Cal-904. 6.16 grams. Slightly non-round flan with parts of edge crude (as made), bold 163 and most of final digit 6 (matches first 6) of date visible, nearly full shield and cross despite peripheral flatness, XF with faint surface porosity, toning in crevices.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1641 TR, very rare. S-P27; KM-unl (14a for type); Cal-unl (Type 239). 6.58 grams. Bold full assayer to left of full but off-center shield, full and bold 4 and most of I of date outside of full but slightly doubled cross, AVF with contrasting toning, first we have seen of this date-assayer combination in this denomination.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1651 E, rare. S-P36; KM-14b; Cal-913. 6.74 grams. Large, thin, oblong flan with full shield, off-center full cross with most of 51 of date in legend, nicely toned VF+ with some flat areas, edge-split.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 1 real, Philip II, assayer R (Rincón) to right. S-P1; KM-2.1; Cal-238. 3.27 grams. Well-struck VF with nearly full crown and legends and all interior details full and sharply detailed, with no doubling and minimal flatness, contrastingly toned. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 17 (lot 871).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1652 E, post-transitional (Transitional Type VIII/B), 1-PH-6 at top, with Guatemala sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on cross, NGC VF details / holed, c/s VF weak, ex-Boyd, Dasí Plate (stated on label). S-P37a; KM-R21; Cal-1410. 26.19 grams. Broad and perfectly round flan befitting its galano stature (although not a die-match with any in Lázaro), with full and well-centered inner details, the legends somewhat doubled but with clear third date, small natural lacuna at bottom of cross, tiny hole at top edge on that side, full and deep but crude countermark on upper-right quadrant, elegantly toned and impressively pedigreed, a clear example of how special coins go from one major collection to another over the generations. Pedigreed to the Superior auction of August 1975 (F.C.C. Boyd collection, lot 1753) and to the Galerie des Monnaies auction of February 1982 (lot 86), also Plate Coin on page 177 of Tomás Dasí's Estudio de los Reales de a Ocho (1950). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1653 E, •PH• at top, •pomegranate• above cross. S-P37a; KM-21; Cal-1503. 26.32 grams. Nicely centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, VF with dark toning on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1654 E, •PH• at top, •8• above, P/E to left, and E/P to right of cross, unique. S-P37a; KM-unl (21 for type); Cal-unl (Type 334). 26.06 grams. Richly old-toned AVF with bold full pillars-and-waves, well-centered full cross-lions-castles with full P/E to left and E/P to right (first we have seen, not listed in Mastalir for this date, apparently a correction of an earlier error in 1653), two dates, all three mintmarks, small split and mount-mark on edge. Pedigreed to the Ponterio auction of March-April 2006, with original lot-tag 1734.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1677 E, with Guatemala sun-over-mountains countermark (Type II, 1839) on cross side, rare, NGC VF details / holed, c/s XF standard, ex-Espinola, ex-Portolà. S-P37b; KM-R26; Cal-673. 26.14 grams. Huge flan with 100% full and bold details enhanced by a rich dark toning all over, trifle doubling and neatly drilled hole in O of CAROLVS, full but shallow countermark in top-left quadrant of cross, the cross side (only) a die-match with Lázaro 197. Pedigreed to the Espinola Collection (stated on label) and to the Portolà Collection (Aureo & Calicó auction of January 2018, lot 221). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1680 V, rare, PCGS XF details / holed, ex-August. S-P39; KM-R26; Cal-676. 26.48 grams. Very broad flan with 100% full legends and crown and inner details, without any doubling or flatness anywhere, just a small hole (as usual) at the top of the pillars side, beautifully toned and relatively high grade, a die-match with Lázaro 202. Pedigreed to the Richard August Collection (stated on label). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1685 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-726. 25.48 grams. Choice with very bold and well-centered full cross-lions-castles and pillars-and-waves, two dates, all three mintmarks and assayers, some toning on fields and traces of dark oxidation.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1685 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-726. 24.52 grams. Very broad flan with good full cross-lions-castles and 100% full pillars-and-waves, three dates (including a complete 1685 in legend), XF details but lightly corroded all over, traces of toning.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1688 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-730. 26.76 grams. Slightly chunky flan with full pillars and nearly full cross but peripheries flat, two bold dates, richly toned Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1690 VR. S-P40; KM-26; Cal-733. 27.27 grams. Full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles with three clear dates and mintmarks, Fine with light olive sediment on fields. Pedigreed to the Jesus Vico auction of March 2016 (lot 458).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1697 CH, rare. S-P41; KM-26; Cal-741. 26.33 grams. Odd-shaped flan with thick, pointy "tail," bold full pillars-and-waves, full but doubled cross, two dates, three mintmarks, clear assayer, nicely toned VF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1702 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1536. 25.88 grams. Full but off-center pillars-and-waves, well-centered full cross on an unevenly thick flan with small edge-crack, two dates, three assayers, lightly toned About Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1703/2 Y, rare. S-P43a; KM-unl (31 for type); Cal-1537. 26.97 grams. Chunky flan with flat peripheries but natural surfaces (lightly toned), clear date with fairly certain 3/2, VF for the period with traces of luster.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1704 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1539. 25.90 grams. Good full pillars and cross on a typically chunky flan, two dates, lightly toned About Fine.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales Royal (galano), 1715 Y, rare, PCGS VF details / plugged. S-P43a; KM-R31; Cal-1487. Broad flan with 100% full legends and inner details, nicely toned all over, a bit double-struck but with all elements clear (not a die-match with Lázaro), the expertly repaired hole at about 8 o'clock on the cross side very hard to see. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1719 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1555. 26.76 grams. Good but off-center full cross, bold and full but double-struck pillars-and-waves (well centered), three mintmarks, richly toned VF with edge-crack.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1723 Y. S-P43a; KM-31; Cal-1559. 26.58 grams. Squarish chunky flan with flat peripheries from uneven thickness, well-centered full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, two dates and mintmarks and assayers, About Fine with gunmetal gray toning throughout.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1726 Y, Louis I, legend ending in EL•, rare. S-P43b; KM-35; Cal-49. 24.74 grams. Well-centered full pillars, nearly full cross, two bold dates and assayers, full L of king's name in legend, contrastingly toned Fine, legend variety per Bustos #P8R-26c. Pedigreed to Sedwick Auction 18 (lot 729).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1727 Y, Louis I, dot above 8, cross-side legend ending in HISPA•, rare, NGC F 12. S-P43b; KM-35; Cal-50. 25.36 grams. Full and well-centered but rather worn pillars-and-waves and cross, two dates, all three assayers and mintmarks, bold L of king's name in legend, richly toned all over, slightly underweight, die variety per Busto P8R-27c. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1732 YA, rare. S-P45; KM-31a; Cal-1566. 26.82 grams. Bold full pillars-and-waves with very bold main date and part of second date in legend, full but partially doubled cross with third date below, parts of all three assayers visible, attractively toned AVF with small edge-split, several times rarer than 1733 for this rare two-year assayer.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1737 E. S-P46; KM-31a; Cal-1573. 26.33 grams. Typically chunky and very dark, with part of edge bent, some light surface corrosion but VF overall, bold date above off-center full waves, nearly full but doubled cross.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1739 M, PCGS MS62, "top pop." S-P47; KM-31a; Cal-1577. Frosty and bright with luster and pristine surfaces, bold full pillars and cross-lions-castles, two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, chunky flan with parts of edge crude (as made), currently tied with four others for finest in the PCGS census, with just one finer (MS 64) in the NGC census. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1750 E. S-P51; KM-40; Cal-515. 26.86 grams. Squarish, chunky flan with parts of edge crude (as made), bold date within full pillars-and-waves, nearly full cross (well centered) with second date below, deeply rainbow-toned XF+.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1752 q. S-P52; KM-40; Cal-522. 25.37 grams. Chunky flan with very bold full pillars, full cross, two dates, all three mintmarks and assayers, XF with toning and sediment in crevices, the cross side slightly porous.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1764 V-Y, NGC VF 25. S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1140. 26.32 grams. Large, somewhat barrel-shaped flan with parts of CAROLVS TERTIVS visible below nearly full cross, bold full pillars, two full dates, all three mintmarks, richly toned all over. Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1766 V-(Y). S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1142. 26.76 grams. Round but chunky flan with strong date, nearly full pillars and cross but peripheries flat and with some surface roughness (as made), AVF overall.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 8 reales, 1768 V-Y, NGC AU 55. S-P57; KM-45; Cal-1145. 26.72 grams. Very chunky flan (requiring an extra-thick holder) with bold full pillars and nearly full cross (all well centered), full date, flatness and rough surfaces in periphery (as made), edge-crack, lovely natural toning all over, second finest in NGC census behind a single AU 58 (none in MS). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1705 Y. S-P43a; KM-30; Cal-1157. 12.77 grams. Full pillars and cross despite peripheral flatness, two dates and three assayers, AVF with somewhat crusty surfaces.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1751 q/E. S-P52; KM-39; Cal-unl (Type 55). 13.36 grams. Bold full pillars and cross with two dates, all three mintmarks and assayers, VF+ with light toning and sediment on fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 4 reales, 1754 C+q. S-P53; KM-39; Cal-410. 13.36 grams. Full pillars-and-waves and cross, two dates, all three assayers (C at top and q at bottom on pillars side, C to right of cross), VF+ with lightly toned fields, parts of edge slightly crude (as made).

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1682 V. S-P39; KM-24; Cal-410. 6.64 grams. Choice full pillars-and-waves and cross-lions-castles, three bold dates and assayers, nearly full king's name, VF with richly toned fields.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales, 1732 YA, rare. S-P45; KM-29a; Cal-908. 4.79 grams. Choice full pillars and cross, both well centered on a roundish flan of much more even thickness than usual, probably shaved long ago (underweight), polished Fine with toning in crevices, plugged hole at about 11 o'clock on cross side / right of pillars.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 2 reales Royal (galano), 1749 q, very rare, NGC AU 55, finest known in NGC census, ex-Americas. S-P50a; KM-unl; Cal-308. 6.87 grams. Very boldly struck on a small, thick, and perfectly round flan per the period, no legends visible but all interior details very deeply and evenly impressed without any doubling or weakness, traces of gold toning on fields, not just the finest of the date but the finest of ANY Potosí 2 reales Royals graded by NGC. Also, by our records, this is one of only three known for this date. Pedigreed to the "Americas Collection" (Kagin's auction of August 1983, lot 1281). Please use this link to verify the certification number

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 1 real Heart, 1691 VR, unique, ex-Ugaz. S-P40; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 51). 2.55 grams. Broad, thin flan with long "tail" containing a hole that probably replaced one in a broken-off "stem" at top, all the details bold and evenly struck (slightly doubled), with two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers visible, XF with toned fields. This little piece is significant as the earliest date on record for a Heart in any denomination, unlisted and unique as the first example we have ever seen or heard of for this date. Pedigreed to the Jorge Ugaz Collection.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 1 real Royal (galano), 1692 VR, unique. S-P40; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 50). 3.60 grams. Small, thin flan with full and evenly struck interior details (also well centered), two dates and all three mintmarks and assayers, lightly gold-toned VF with large hole near edge plus another one stripped, important as the first example of this date we have ever seen or heard of.

BOLIVIA, Potosí, cob 1 real Royal (galano), 1740 P, unique. S-P48; KM-unl; Cal-unl (Type 80). 2.86 grams. Bold full interior details on a small, round flan that was shaved long ago (underweight) but was clearly created as a galano with uniform thickness and strike, the pillars slightly off-center and the cross slightly doubled, AVF with contrasting toning, holed to right of pillars, important as the first and only example we have seen or heard of.